370 resultados para Floresta Atlântica


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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Pós-graduação em Ciência da Computação - IBILCE

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The knowledge on spatial distribution of soil properties by means of geostatistics is important as an indicator for a better soil use and management. This study aimed at evaluating the spatial distribution of soil chemical properties, in a forest and pasture area in Manicoré, Amazonas State, Brazil. Grids with 70.00 m x 70.00 m, with regular spacing of 10.00 m x 10.00 m, totaling 64 points, were established, and then soil samples were collected at the depths of 0.0-0.20 m and 0.40-0.60 m and had their chemical properties determined. Data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics and geostatistics, and the sampling density analysis was based on the coefficient of variation and semivariograms range. The mean and median values were adjusted to the closest values, indicating normal distribution, while the spherical, exponential and gaussian models were adjusted to the soil chemical properties. It was concluded that the geostatistics provided adequate information for understanding the spatial distribution. The forest area showed a higher spatial continuity and the pasture area a lower sampling density. The chemical properties showed differences in the spatial variability, while the range represented better the estimates for sampling density and spacing, in the forest and pasture area.

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The use of geostatistical techniques allows detection of the existence of dependence and the spatial distribution of soil properties, thus constituting an important tool in the analysis and detailed description of the behavior of soil physical properties. The aim of the present study was to use geostatistics in assessment of physical properties in a Latossolo (Oxisol) dystrophic under native forest and pasture in the Amazon region of Manicore. Grids with of 70 x 70 m were established in native forest and pasture, and points were marked in these grids spaced at every 10 m, for a total of 64 points. These points were then georeferenced and in each one, soil samples (128) were collected at the depths of 0.00-0.20 and 0.40-0.60 m for a survey of their physical properties. These grids are parallel at a distance of 100 m from one another. The following determinations were made: texture, bulk density and particle density, macroporosity, microporosity, total porosity and aggregate stability in water. After tabulating the data, descriptive statistical analysis and geostatistical analysis were performed. The pasture had a slight variation in its physical properties in relation to native forest, with a high coefficient of variation and weak spatial dependence. The scaled semivariograms were able to satisfactorily reproduce the spatial behavior of the properties in the same pattern as the individual semivariograms, and the use of the parameter range of the semivariogram was efficient for determining the optimal sampling density for the environments under study. The geostatistical results indicate that the removal of native forest for establishing pasture altered the natural variability of the physical properties.

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O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a diversidade, composição e a similaridade da fauna de formigas entre sete remanescentes de Floresta Ombrófila Densa da Bacia Hidrográfica do Alto Tietê. Dois desses remanescentes pertencem à Unidades de Conservação, quatro estão sob proteção e um fragmento pertence à propriedade particular. Em cada área foram coletadas 50 m2 de serapilheira, que foram submetidas à extratores do tipo mini-Winkler, onde permaneceram por 48 h. Todas as coletas ocorreram no período chuvoso. No total foram registradas 11 subfamílias, 44 gêneros e 158 morfoespécies/espécies de formigas. As espécies mais frequentes em todas as áreas foram Pheidole sp.7, Solenopsis sp.1, Hypoponera sp.1 e Strumigenys denticulate. O maior valor de diversidade α foi registrado na unidade de conservação com composição florística de Mata Atlântica; o menor valor em florestas com influência antrópica. A variação na composição de espécies entre as áreas indica a substituição de espécies entre os remanescentes de Floresta Ombrófila Densa da Bacia Hidrográfica do Alto Tietê, o que sugere a importância da preservação dessas áreas para a conservação da diversidade regional da fauna de formigas.

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Produção Vegetal) - FCAV

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Entomologia Agrícola) - FCAV

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This study characterized the Atlantic Forest vegetation and compared the structure of the native tree community occurring along a toposequence at watershed D of the Serra do Mar State Park, municipality of Cunha, SP - Brazil. The study was conducted in 64 plots, of 10 x 10 m, distributed in sites downstream (T1), intermediate (T2) and upstream (T3) of the toposequence, recording all individuals with DBH (Diameter at Breast Height) >= 0.5 cm. Altogether 1.093 individuals were sampled, and 89 species were identified, belonging to 61 genders and 31 families. At T1 site there was a greater abundance and density of individuals; T2 had the highest diversity index and basal area; while in T3 it was observed highest species richness and greater percentage of rare species. The specie Cyathea delgadii in the lower third of toposequence, and the Alchornea triplinervea in the intermediate and upper third were the most important. The sites downstream and upstream of the toposequence showed the largest differences in structure. In the middle portion of the watershed and there was a greater difference between the similarity between species.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)