Seleção de bactérias fenololíticas para tratamento de efluentes de refinarias de petróleo

Os efluentes de indústrias, como refinarias e petroquímicas, frequentemente contém elevadas concentrações de substâncias tóxicas, dentre elas, os compostos fenólicos. Estas substâncias, mesmo em pequenas quantidades, afetam as propriedades organolépticas da água, além de que durante o processo de cloração da água potável, podem ser transformadas em clorofenóis e policlorofenóis, pela reação com o cloro, formando substâncias com características carcinogênicas. Neste sentido, o refino do petróleo produz grande variedade de poluentes cujas propriedades modificam-se em função dos processos utilizados. Os fenóis são compostos tóxicos, com características fungicida e desinfetante, sendo tóxico para a maioria dos microrganismos, além de apresentarem ação de carcinogenicidade, mutagenicidade e serem recalcitrantes, acumulam-se nos corpos receptores, gerando danos à saúde e à vida aquática. No entanto, embora o fenol possua ação bactericida, alguns microrganismos adquiriram a habilidade de se adaptar e utilizar este composto como fonte de carbono e energia. O presente trabalho pretendeu selecionar linhagens bacterianas, a partir do efluente de uma refinaria de petróleo, da região de Paulínia – SP, que sejam capazes de utilizar altos teores de fenóis como fonte de carbono e energia para seu crescimento e desenvolvimento, a fim de serem aplicadas nas estações de tratamento de efluentes industriais, com foco nas refinarias de petróleo. Foram isoladas 3 linhagens a partir das amostras enriquecidas do efluente da refinaria e, após os ensaios, constatou-se que 1 linhagem apresentou resistência à concentração de fenol de 1.000 mg.L-1. Os ensaios de biodegradação e crescimento em fenol como única fonte de carbono, demonstraram que estas linhagens são capazes de biodegradar aproximadamente 20% do fenol disponível no meio, no período de 24 horas. A quantificação do fenol residual foi realizada em...

Avaliação de funcionamento das bombas hidráulicas do sistema de tratamento de efluentes da Empresa Parker Hannifin

On the field of the projects of hydraulic systems exists a lot of worries when we talk about the calculate of hydraulic pumps. In this case some facts must be considerate: length of tubes, fluid characteristics, height gauge, temperature, pressure, characteristics of tubes, flow required and others. For that mathematic calculates must be developed with the objective to optimize hydraulic pumps and agree to find an ideal machine (that don't requires more energy than necessary or less energy than it requires; that is the more critical case, cause exists the risk that the fluid pumped do not agree to become in your destiny). The wrong calculate of this machine can super-size its, bringing an excessive energy consumption. Actually it's an important subject because we are in the age of lack of energy what turn it more expensive. So the correct sizing of a hydraulic pump is connected with the fact that you have to uses the enough energy resources avoiding waste. The calculate of ideal pump in the pumping system is studied during years and a lot of specialists in this subject develop equations and theories to calculate its. Some researches study about this subject and all of them become to the same conclusion: to find the ideal pump we have to know the characteristics of fluid (cinematic viscosity), the required flow , overall yield (overall of motor x overall of pump) the high gauge or discharge pressure and the loss of repression. The pressure drop can be calculated with different theories: using Hazen-Williams, Darcy e Weisbach or Chézy (1775 - that starts the researches to calculate the pressure drop). Although the most used theory and what is most near to reality is the Darcy's equation. So, in this job the Darcy's equation were choice to calculate the drop pressure that consider what kind of flow we are studying: laminar or turbulent. The determination of the best pump to be used in the ... ( complete abstract click eletronic access below)

Resolução de problema de valor no contorno associado ao projeto de reatores de fluxo disperso empregados no tratamento de efluentes

The objective of this work was to develop a numerical method to solve boundary value problems concerning to the use of dispersion model for describing the hydraulic behavior of chemical or biological reactors employed in the wastewater treatment. The numerical method was implemented in FORTRAN language generating a computational program which was applied to solve cases involving reaction kinetics of both integer and fractional orders. The developed method was able to solve the proposed problems evidencing to be a useful tool that provides more accurate design of wastewater treatment reactors

Comparação de eficiências do uso de sistemas construídos de áreas alagadas (Constructed Wetland Systems - CWS), tipos ascendente e descendente, para tratamento de efluentes

Water is an essential element for life. The use of this element, to support the community, defines it as water resource. This feature is being misused and degraded by the dumping of highly contaminated effluents. The impoverishment of its quality poses a risk to human consumption. The necessity to manage this resource, treating the wastewater properly, requires the constant improvement of treatment systems. Another need is to adjust the cost of systems to the demands of communities with less financial clout. This study aimed to adapt and understand the systems of wetlands, improving its efficiency, in an attempt to collaborate with the enrichment of this technology. The practical evidence, with lab-scale prototypes, assembled in ETE Piracicamirim with urban sewage effluent contributed to highlight the problems and operating system design. The bibliographic review showed that several studies had effectiveness for treatment. But it was evident the need for better understanding of dimensioning definitions that better attempted to the answers into the project. Moreover, standardization of system conditions for the specific wastewater treatment is an interesting field, identified, for future studies yet contribute to environmental engineering and sanitation

Avaliação da eficiência do sistema de tratamento de efluentes de frigorífico: um estudo de caso em Rio Claro/SP

Não disponível

Tratamento de efluentes provenientes de abatedouro de bovinos por meio de reator enzimático seguido de reator aeróbio operado em bateladas sequenciais

Brazil has one of the largest cattle herds in the world, so the cattle slaughter is one of the most important economic activities in the Brazilian market. But this activity requires a high demand of water, resulting in serious problems about the correct disposal of wastewater generated in the process. This effluent has a high pollution load, becoming its receiving bodies (streams and rivers) unfit for various activities such as public water supply, recreation, fisheries. To minimize the environmental impacts of its industrial wastewater and fallow the local environmental legislation, refrigerators must make the treatment of these effluents. This study aimed to verify the efficiency of a enzymatic reactor, when occur hydrolysis of lipids present in the effluent industrial of an cattle slaughter industry. The treatment system used was composed of two separate reactors: one being the anaerobic fluidized bed reactor (AFBR), inoculated with immobilized enzymes on the matrix support, and the other by sequential batch reactor (SBR) inoculated with activated sludge. Whereas, the reactors have been developed and installed at the Wastewater Treatment Laboratory, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, UNESP, campus Presidente Prudente. The procedure operating occurred differently for each reactor: preparation and inoculation of enzyme granules, filling the reactor, hydrolysis, and AFBR emptying, filling, aerobic reaction, sedimentation, and emptying the SBR. We performed three experimental stages, with the first and second stage of the work were done reactor analyzes separately, and the third step of the analysis were made with the interconnected reactors... (Complete abstract electronic access below)

Valoração do tratamento de efluentes de um curtume

During the production process of leather a lot of water is used. In addition, companies such as tanneries have high pollution potential. The effluent that is not properly treated , and it is irregularly released in water bodies can cause negative impacts to the environment and generate fines. The aim of this paper is to present the importance of environmental valuation in the effluent treatment system of a tannery, in order to add social and economic development with preservation of environmental quality. A valuation of inputs and outputs of the effluent treatment process from Tannery Bull in Presidente Prudente was made, as well as a proposal to improve the treatment and its valuation. Many of these industries do not account the costs from the effluent treatment and end up spending what could have been avoided. The management of environmental costs promotes sustainable development. Thus, we can conclude that, if there were better control and also an improved management of the tannery, the proposed treatment would bring economic improvement to the company and specially it would not cause much impact on the environment, including improving the quality of life in the region

Biodessulfurização do biogás gerado no processo de digestão anaeróbia da estação de tratamento de efluentes de uma indústria cervejeira

Pós-graduação em Química - IQ

Estudo da utilização de serragem de madeira como adsorvente para o tratamento de efluentes têxteis

The Brazilian textile industry has been a highlight in the global economy. Connected with this high economic performance there is the water consumption and the generation of great volumes of wastewater which present high concentrations of dyes and chemical substances. One of the main techniques used in the treatment of textile effluents is adsorption, which has the activated carbon as the main adsorbent. Recently, studies have been developed to find alternative materials to activated carbon and exhibiting good adsorption capacity of dyes. The aim of this work is to study the potential of sawdust as adsorbent of low cost to remove the dye Direct Green 26. The results of this type of dye removal were obtained through the study of adsorption isotherms obtained by spectrophotometry in the UV-visible region analyzed by the Langmuir model. Finally, a comparison was made of these results with those of other adsorbents. Results showed that the average removal of dye, using sawdust, was 78.8% for an initial concentration of 500mg / L and the maximum adsorption capacity of 119mg / g. These results demonstrate the great potential of sawdust as an adsorbent for the dye Direct Green 26.

Análise estrutural do conjunto de palhetas de um aerador da estação de tratamento de efluentes

This work aims to find the maximum tension in a group of blades in a Sewage Treatment Stations in a company located in Vale do Paraíba. First, the calculations of the strength requested by the effluents on the structure are done, and the optimum torque of the frame screws is researched. From these data, static simulations using appropriate software and the finite elements method are performed. Based on the results, a possible solution to reduce the strength in this structure is proposed. This study will be provided as a consultation material to the company

Estudo de dinâmicas populacionais aplicado a processos de tratamento biológico de efluentes

The purpose of this work is to perform studies of mathematical modeling of the relationship of interaction occurring between microrganisms participants from wastewater treatment processes aimed at understanding, through simulations, such as inter-relationships can affect the performance of such units. The methodology was the implementation in FORTRAN computer language of mathematical models of microbial interactions. The first model addresses the interaction of bacteria-forming flakes and filamentous bacteria in activated sludge systems, which seeks to strike a balance between these bacteria to improve efficiency of the process. Another model is studied the interaction between bacteria and protozoa in activated sludge systems and analyzing the efficiency of the process, observing the changes in daily load. Microbial interactions in anaerobic reactors were dealt a third model, in which there is the mutualistic interaction between acidogenic and methanogenic bacteria. In a fourth and final model was examined the relationship between the bacteria Acinetobacter sp. and Gordonia sp., which are present in activated sludge systems, showing the competitive capacity of Acinetobacter sp. can control the growth of unwanted bacteria.

Degradação dos fármacos ciprofloxacino e sertalina pelos processos ferro zero e foto-Fenton - aplicação em amostras de efluentes de estação de tratamento de esgoto

Pós-graduação em Química - IQ

Estudo da aplicação do processo foto-Fenton solar na degradação de efluentes de indústria de tintas

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Utilização de escamas e Eichhornia crassipes no tratamento de efluente de curtume de peles de tilápias

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Capacidade de retenção e dinâmica de um wetland construído no tratamento de águas residuais

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)