201 resultados para rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis)


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Protocylindrocorpus brasiliensis n. sp. (Diplogastroidea: Cylindrocorporidae) is described from reproductive stages removed from galleries of the ambrosia beetle, Euplatypus parallelus (F.) (Curculionidae: Platypodinae) in Para rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis) in Brazil. This is the first record of the genus Protocylindrocorpus from the Neotropics. Males of P. brasiliensis are quite striking because their long spicules extend up to 72% of their total body length. The adults exhibit conspecific agglutination where they congregate in a slimy substance that serves to maintain them in a coherent group for mating. Some of the adults were infected by fungal and protozoan pathogens, implying that disease plays a role in regulating natural populations. The discovery of P. brasiliensis provides new information on nematode structure, behavior, and ecology.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Latex is the main product extracted from rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis). In Brazil, at the end of the production cycle of latex, the wood of rubber tree is traditionally used for energy purposes, but several international studies have reported consolidated practices of adding value to it. The objective of this paper was to evaluate the quality of wood and classify it structurally based on its mechanical properties. Six 20-year-old trees of the clone GT 1 of rubber tree proceeding from Itajobi, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil were sampled. Reduced dimensions specimens in the radial direction of the wood were produced to evaluate the quality by compression parallel to the grain, static bending and Janka hardness tests. Two specimens, one from the lower log (since the ground up to breast height) and one from the higher log (from breast height up to 2.50 m) were produced for structural classification of the wood based on the characteristic strength in compression parallel to the grain (NBR 7190 norm, 1997). The wood was classified as C40 (fc0k ≥ 40 MPa) class. Results revealed that the strength was not statistically different in the radial direction (except for the Janka hardness), though tending to increase from pith to bark.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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A trial was carried out with the purpose of evaluating the effect of different management systems applied between the rows of rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis) on the aggregate stability in water of Dark Red Latosol, with clayey texture from the Municipality of Jaboticabal (SP) and Yellow Red Podzolic, sandy/medium texture fromthe Municipality of Tabapua (SP). The treatments consisted of disk harrowing, Pueraria phaseoloides and mowing. The soil samples were withdrawn after seven years of application of these management systems from depths of 0-0.1, 0.1-0.2, 0.2-0.3, and 0.3-0.4 m. The stability of the aggregates was obtained in sieves with size classes of 8-4, 4-2, 2-1, 1-0.5, 0.5-0.125, and < 0.125 mm. The Pueraria phaseoloides gave a significant difference regarding the distribution of the aggregates on the superficial layer (10 cm) when compared to the other management systems, presenting a higher distribution of larger sized aggregates on the Dark Red Latosol. The tillage management for this same depth presented higher values of small sized aggregates on both soils. The organic matter on the soils showed a direct and significant relation to the stability of the larger sized aggregates and an inverse relation with the stability of the smaller sized aggregates.

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The developmental phases of giant cells induced by root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne exigua) in rubber plant (Hevea brasiliensis) root were studied in relation to its number and size evaluated in eight sample dates. The results were subject to cluster analysis and principal component analysis. Sample dates were clearly distinct regarding giant cell development. As a result, the nematode infestation cycle was characterized by the following sequential phases: initial, equilibrium, choice and final.

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Proteção de Plantas) - FCA

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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A aplicação de calcário superficial na seringueira em produção pode melhorar a fertilidade do solo e a produção de borracha seca. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da aplicação superficial de calcário no solo na produtividade de borracha seca. O experimento foi instalado em seringal em produção (15 anos), num Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo com saturação por bases (V) de 39%. Os tratamentos constituíram-se das seguintes doses de calcário calcinado: zero, metade da dose recomendada, uma vez a dose recomendada e duas vezes a dose recomendada, correspondendo a 0, 0,21, 0,42 e 0,84 t ha-1, respectivamente. As doses foram calculadas considerando a saturação por bases recomendada para a cultura no Estado de São Paulo, igual a 50%. A aplicação de calcário neutralizou a acidez do solo e aumentou a saturação por bases até a camada de 0,20 m, e aumentou a produtividade da borracha seca. A produtividade máxima esteve associada à saturação por bases de 57% e teor foliar de Ca de 8 g kg-1.

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Este trabalho objetivou apresentar resultados da primeira seleção de clones de seringueira (Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex Adr. de Juss.) Muell.Arg.) da série IAC 300, e amazônicos das séries IAN e Fx, em experimento de pequena escala, visando produção, crescimento e resistência ao mal-das-folhas. A produção e o vigor de 20 clones foram avaliados por dois e nove anos, respectivamente, em PariqüeraAçú, no Vale do Ribeira, SP. Os clones IAC 301, IAC 304, IAC 306 e IAC 319 produziram satisfatoriamente nos dois primeiros anos de sangria. Os clones amazônicos IAN 6323, Fx 3864 e IAN 2903, com produções de 1.078 kg, 945 kg e 900 kg/ha/ano, respectivamente, foram superiores à testemunha IAN 873 (878 kg/ha/ano). Os clones selecionados apresentaram crescimento vigoroso, com extremos de perímetro do caule, na abertura do painel, de 37,40 cm (IAN 4493) a 53,75 cm (IAN 6323), e percentual de plantas aptas à sangria de 7,0% (IAN 4493) a 100% (IAN 6323 e IAC 302), exceto os clones Fx 3899 e IAN 3044. O IAC 315, com 7,37 mm, mostrou maior espessura de casca virgem que o IAN 873 (6,44 mm). Os clones IAC 320, IAC 306 e IAC 315 foram os mais resistentes ao Microcyclus ulei.