An AC voltage regulator with high-power-factor, and control using a FPGA device

This paper presents the analysis, design, simulation, and experimental results for a high frequency high Power-Factor (PF) AC (Alternate Current) voltage regulator, using a Sepic converter as power stage. The control technique employed to impose a sinusoidal input current waveform, with low Total Harmonic Distortion (THD), is the sinusoidal variable hysteresis control. The control technique was implemented in a FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) device, using a Hardware Description Language (VHDL). Through the use of the proposed control technique, the AC voltage regulator performs active power-factor correction, and low THD in the input current, for linear and non-linear loads, satisfying the requirements of the EEC61000-3-2 standards. Experimental results from an example prototype, designed for 300W of nominal output power, 50kHz (switching frequency), and 127Vrms of nominal input and output voltages, are presented in order to validate the proposed AC regulator. © 2005 IEEE.

Installation of a getter vacuum pump in cathode-anode region of a high-power klystron amplifier - Propose and feasible

The possibility to install a getter vacuum pump and its feasible in the anode of a high-power klystron amplifier is investigated in order to decrease of the pressure in the gun and consequently increasing its lifetime. The study is conducted using a 1.3 GHz, 100 A and 240 kV high-power klystron with five reentrant coaxial cavities, assembled in a cylindrical drift tube 1.2 m long. This work takes into account the specific conductance of components of gun and all important gas sources, like the degassing of the drift tube, the cavity walls, the cathode, the anode, and the collector, as well the position and pumping speed of the getter vacuum pump in anode region. © 2006 IEEE.

A simplified method for determining the high frequency induction motor equivalent electrical circuit parameters to be used in EMI effect

The aim of this paper is to present a simple method for determining the high frequency parameters of a three-phase induction motor to be used in studies involving variable speed drives with PWM three-phase inverters, in which it is necessary to check the effects caused to the motor by the electromagnetic interference, (EMI) in the differential mode, as well as in the common mode. The motor parameters determination is generally performed in adequate laboratories using accurate instruments, such as very expensive RLC bridges. The method proposed here consists in the identification of the motor equivalent electrical circuit parameters in rated frequency and in high frequency through characteristic tests in the laboratory, together with the use of characteristic equations and curves, shown in the references to be mentioned for determining the motor high frequency parasite capacitances and also through system simulations using dedicated software, like Pspice, determining the characteristic waveforms involved in the differential and common mode phenomena, comparing and validating the procedure through published papers [01].

A novel single-phase ZCS-PWM high power factor boost rectifier

This paper presents a novel single-phase high power factor PWM boost rectifier, featuring soft commutation of the active switches at zero-current (ZCS). It incorporates the most desirable properties of the conventional PWM and the soft-switching resonant techniques. The input current shaping is achieved with average current mode control, and continuous inductor current mode. This new PWM converter provides ZCS turn-on and turn-off of the active switches, and it is suitable for high power applications employing IGBTs. Principle of operation, theoretical analysis, a design example, and experimental results from a laboratory prototype rated at 1600 W with 400 Vdc output voltage are presented. The measured efficiency and power factor were 96.2% and 0.99 respectively, with an input current THD equal to 3.94%, for an input voltage THD equal to 3.8%, at rated load.

A new three-phase low THD power supply with high-frequency isolation and 60V/200A regulated DC output

This work proposes a new isolated high power factor 12kW power supply based on an 18-pulse transformer arrangement. Three full-bridge converters are used for isolation and to balance the DC-link currents, without current sensing or a current controller. The topology provides a regulated DC output with a very simple control strategy. Simulation and experimental results are presented in this paper.

Instantaneous complex power applied to three-phase machines

The theory presented in this paper was primarily developed to give a physical interpretation for the instantaneous power flow on a three-phase induction machine, without a neutral conductor, on any operational state and may be extended to any three-phase load. It is a vectorial interpretation of the instantaneous reactive power theory presented by Akagi et al. Which, believe the authors, isn't enough developed and its physical meaning not yet completely understood. This vectorial interpretation is based on the instantaneous complex power concept defined by Torrens for single-phase, ac, steady-state circuits, and leads to a better understanding of the power phenomenon, particularly of the distortion power. This concept has been extended by the authors to three-phase systems, through the utilization of the instantaneous space vectors. The results of measurements of instantaneous complex power on a self-excited induction generator's terminals, during an over-load application transient, are presented for illustration. The compensation of reactive power proposed by Akagi is discussed and a new horizon for the theory application is opened.

STUDY of THE TURNING NICKEL BASE ALLOY PYROMET (R) 31V (SAE HEV8)

Considering the constant technological developments in the aeronautical, space, automotive, shipbuilding, nuclear and petrochemical fields, among others, the use of materials with high strength mechanical capabilities at high temperatures has been increasingly used. Among the materials that meet the mechanical strength and corrosion properties at temperatures around 815 degrees C one can find the nickel base alloy Pyromet 31V (SAE HEV8). This alloy is commonly applied in the manufacturing of high power diesel engines exhaust valves where it is required high resistance to sulphide, corrosion and good resistance to creep. However, due to its high mechanical strength and low thermal conductivity its machinability is made difficult, creating major challenges in the analysis of the best combinations among machining parameters and cutting tools to be used. Its low thermal conductivity results in a concentration of heat at high temperatures in the interfaces of workpiece-tool and tool-chip, consequently accelerating the tools wearing and increasing production costs. This work aimed to study the machinability, using the carbide coated and uncoated tools, of the hot-rolled Pyromet 31V alloy with hardness between 41.5 and 42.5 HRC. The nickel base alloy used consists essentially of the following components: 56.5% Ni, 22.5% Cr, 2,2% Ti, 0,04% C, 1,2% Al, 0.85% Nb and the rest of iron. Through the turning of this alloy we able to analyze the working mechanisms of wear on tools and evaluate the roughness provided on the cutting parameters used. The tests were performed on a CNC lathe machine using the coated carbide tool TNMG 160408-23 Class 1005 (ISO S15) and uncoated tools TNMG 160408-23 Class H13A (ISO S15). Cutting fluid was used so abundantly and cutting speeds were fixed in 75 and 90 m/min. to feed rates that ranged from 0.12, 0.15, 0.18 and 0.21 mm/rev, and cutting depth of 0.8mm. The results of the comparison between uncoated tools and coated ones presented a machined length of just 30% to the first in relation to the performance of the second. The coated tools has obtained its best result for both 75 and 90 m/min. with feed rate of 0.15 mm/rev, unlike the uncoated tool which obtained its better results to 0.12 mm/rev.

Power Factor Correction Boost Converter Based on the Three-State Switching Cell

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Analyses of fatigue data in 4340 high strength steel after cadmium electroplating

Bending fatigue tests were carried out to clarify the effects of heat treatment parameters: temperature and time after cadmium electroplating on a high strength steel, to avoid hydrogen embrittlement. Temperatures heat of 190 degrees C, 230 degrees C, 250 degrees C and 300 degrees C at 3, 8 and 24 hours together with the base material electroplated, with and without heat treatment, resulted in 14 conditions studied with respect to fatigue behaviour. Statistical data analysis was performed to identify the best combination temperature/time regarding fatigue strength of the ABNT 4340 steel and the results obtained revealed that the fatigue strength depend on temperature/time conditions.

The thrust and the relation factor kr in linear induction machines

This paper shows a new manner to establish the thrust of a linear induction machine. A new factor is established, named ''Relation Factor, which provides conditions to establish the thrust and other important variables of the linear and sector induction machines.

Performance evaluation of a novel hybrid multipulse rectifier for utility interface of power electronic converters

This paper presents an improved analysis of a novel Programmable Power-factor-corrected-Based Hybrid Multipulse Power Rectifier (PFC-HMPR) for utility interface of power electronic converters. The proposed hybrid multipulse rectifier is composed of an ordinary three-phase six-pulse diode-bridge rectifier (Graetz bridge) with a parallel connection of single-phase switched converters in each three-phase rectifier leg. In this paper, the authors present a complete discussion about the controlled rectifiers' power contribution and also a complete analysis concerning the total harmonic distortion of current that can be achieved when the proposed converter operates as a conventional 12-pulse rectifier. The mathematical analysis presented in this paper corroborate, with detailed equations, the experimental results of two 6-kW prototypes implemented in a laboratory.

Programmable PFC based hybrid multipulse power rectifier for ultra clean power application

A novel hybrid three-phase rectifier is proposed. It is capable to achieve high input power factor (PF) and low total harmonic input currents distortion (THDI). The proposed hybrid high power rectifier is composed by a standard three-phase six-pulse diode rectifier (Graetz bridge) with a parallel connection of single-phase Sepic rectifiers in each three-phase rectifier leg. Such topology results in a structure capable of programming the input current waveform and providing conditions for obtaining high input power factor and low harmonic current distortion. In order to validate the proposed hybrid rectifier, this work describes its principles, with detailed operation, simulation, experimental results, and discussions on power rating of the required Sepic converters as related to the desired total harmonic current distortion. It is demonstrated that only a fraction of the output power is processed through the Sepic converters, making the proposed solution economically viable for very high power installations, with fast investment payback. Moreover, retrofitting to existing installations is also feasible since the parallel path can be easily controlled by integration with the existing dc-link. A prototype has been implemented in the laboratory and it was fully demonstrated to both operate with excellent performance and be feasibly implemented in higher power applications.

Inverter-fed linear asynchronous machine

The behaviors of an arc-shaped stator induction machine (the sector-motor) and a disc-secondary linear induction motor are analyzed in this work for different values of the frequency. Variable frequency is produced by a voltage source controlled-current inverter which keeps constant the r.m.s. value of the phase current, also assuring a sinusoidal waveform. For the simulations of the machine developed thrust, an equivalent circuit is used. It is obtained through the application of the one-dimensional theory to the modeling. The circuit parameters take into account the end effects, always present is these kind of machines. The phase current waveforms are analyzed for their harmonic contents. Experimental measurements were carried out in laboratory and are presented with the simulations, for comparison.

Production grinding burn detection using acoustic emission and electric power signals

This work uses a monitoring system based on a PC platform, where the acoustic emission and electric power signals generated during the grinding process are used to investigate superficial burning occurrence in a surface grinding operation using two types of steel, three grinding conditions and an Al203 vitrified grinding wheel. Acoustic emission signals on the workpiece and grinding power were measured during a surface plunge operation until the grinding burn happened. From the results the standard deviation of the acoustic emission signal and the maximum electric power were calculated for each grinding pass. The proposed DPO parameter is the product between the power level and acoustic emission standard deviation. The results show that both signals can be used for burning detection, and the parameter DPO is the best indicator for the burning studied in this work. This can be explained by the high dispersion of the acoustic emission RMS level associated to the high power consumption when the grinding wheel lose its sharpness.

A high efficiency HPF-ZCS-PWM Sepic for electronic ballast with multiple tubular fluorescent lamps

This paper presents a high efficiency Sepic rectifier for an electronic ballast application with multiple fluorescent lamps. The proposed Sepic rectifier is based on a Zero-Current-Switching (ZCS) Pulse-Width-Modulated (PWM) soft-commutation cell. The high power-factor of this structure is obtained using the instantaneous average-current control technique, in order to attend properly IEC61000-3-2 standards. The inverting stage of this new electronic ballast is a classical Zero-Voltage-Switching (ZVS) Half-Bridge inverter. A proper design methodology is developed for this new electronic ballast, and a design example is presented for an application with five fluorescent lamps 40W-T12 (200W output power), 220Vrms input voltage, 130Vdc dc link voltage, with rectifier and inverter stages operating at 50kHz. Experimental results are also presented. The THD at input current is equal to 6.41%, for an input voltage THD equal to 2.14%, and the measured overall efficiency is about 92.8%, at rated load.