39 resultados para frying
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Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar algumas alterações de óleos vegetais (girassol, soja e milho), utilizado em sucessivas frituras de produtos pré-fritos congelados (batata palito e produto cárneo empanado (snacks). As frituras dos produtos foram conduzidas em fritadeira doméstica e com as seguintes condições controladas: temperatura de 180°C, relação superfície/volume de 0,3 cm-1 e tempo total de aquecimento de 12 h. Nas amostras dos óleos procederam-se as determinações analíticas: compostos polares totais, dienos conjugados, índice de ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBA) e medida da estabilidade oxidativa. Os resultados, em duplicata, obtidos das determinações analíticas foram submetidos às análises de variância, empregando um esquema fatorial, no delineamento inteiramente casual, de modo a determinar a influência dos fatores (produtos, óleos e tempos de fritura) sobre as alterações nos óleos. Os óleos vegetais utilizados nas frituras dos snacks apresentaram menores alterações do que os óleos utilizados para fritura das batatas. Os resultados mostraram que os óleos estudados, apesar das diferenças na composição em ácidos graxos, não apresentaram, em nenhuma análise, valores acima dos limites recomendados em alguns países para o descarte de óleos, independentemente do tipo de produto frito e tempo de aquecimento.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Objetivou-se com este estudo determinar a influência dos fatores relação superfície/volume (S/V) e tempo de fritura sobre a alteração da mistura azeite de dendê-óleo de soja em frituras descontínuas de batatas chips.Foram realizados dois procedimentos de fritura com relações S/V de 0,5 e 1,0 cm-1 e temperatura média de 180°C. O óleo foi aquecido por um período de 7,25 horas. As amostras obtidas durante o processo de fritura foram analisadas pelas determinações de índice de peróxidos, compostos polares totais, ácidos graxos livres e índice de refração. Todas as determinações analíticas foram influenciadas pelo tempo de fritura, verificando-se aumentos significativos destes parâmetros ao longo do processo de fritura. O fator relação S/V apresentou influência sobre os valores dos índices de peróxidos e de refração. A mistura azeite de dendê-óleo de soja apresentou alteração acima do limite recomendado para óleos de fritura (compostos polares totais > 25%) a partir de 6,25 horas de fritura.
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A utilização crescente de alimentos rápidos determinou a expansão de uma indústria de produtos fritos e pré-fritos. A compreensão das mudanças que o óleo sofre durante os processos de fritura é importante, pois pode levar à otimização destes processos, e a melhoria da qualidade do óleo de fritura e do produto final. Neste trabalho, objetivou-se determinar os níveis de alteração de diferentes óleos vegetais, girassol, soja e milho, no processo de fritura dos snacks produto cárneo empanado pré-frito congelado. As frituras foram conduzidas em temperatura de 180°C, relação superfície/volume (S/V) de 0,3 cm-1 e tempo total de aquecimento de 12 horas. Nos snacks procederam-se as análises de teor de umidade e lipídios; nos óleos as determinações de compostos polares totais, ácidos graxos livres e índice de peróxidos. Nenhuma análise apresentou alteração acima dos limites recomendados por alguns países. Desta forma, concluiu-se que as condições estabelecidas no processo de fritura são seguras, indicando que todos os óleos foram adequados à fritura, sendo o óleo de milho de maior estabilidade oxidativa.
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The edible parts of cassava cultivar Pioneira roots after 12 and 24 months of cultivation were analysed for human consum. The yield was 63% when the roots were harvested at the right time (12 months), and lower (58%) for older roots, with 24 months. Total cyanide contents were 62,0 - 61,8 and 58,0 - 63,4 ppm, respectively. Cooking time was 13,5 min and 19,5 min, respectively, although the cooked mass quality was similar good. The edible part of the roots was processed in french fries or tholes, submited to two treatment: blanching for three minutes and boiling for ten minutes. Treated and in natura tholes were fried in vegetable oil at 190-degrees-C. The effect of freezing (-20-degrees-C for 60 days) on the cooking quality was also evaluated. The frozen storage reduced the total cyanid content in all treatment. The rate of cyanid decrease were 45%, 84% and 88% with frying, blanching and frying, and boiling and frying, respectively. Blanching followed by frying assured a safe cyanid level for human consum as well as a good acceptance in sensorial analysis. The influence of the age of the roots in cooking quality was a decrease in softness. Frozen storage softened the 24 month old roots and worsened the flavor of 12 month old root. For table purposes cassava roots should be processed in french fries and blanching, what would allow frozen storage of edible part.
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The main objective of this study was to evaluate the degree of degradation of the soybean oil used in frying processes. The quality of the oil during the frying process was evaluated by means of physical-chemical analyses, such: conjugated dienes (%) and TBA index (mmoles g(-1)), and determination of total polar compounds (%). It was observed that the values of conjugated dienes increasing significantly with time until 1.87% after 15 hours for fry pans I and 1.76% after 22.5 hours for fry pans II. The TBA indexes reached at the end the frying process values of 0.0265 and 0.0210 mmoles g(-1) for fry pans I and II, respectively. The percentages of total polar compounds have shown an increase of six and eight times in relation to the original sample starting from 5.9% and 3.7% and reaching values of 36.8% and 29.2%, for fry pan I and II, after 15 and 22.5 hours of heating, respectively. It has been concluded that the alterations of the soybean oil increased as the time of frying increased, for both fry pans. The oil used in fry pan I showed greater alteration than the that observed in the oil used in fry pan II, in spite of the time of heating being shorter. Taking into consideration that the levels of polar compounds should be less than 25% according to the legislation of several countries, the oils used in both fry pans were already inadequate conditions at the moment of disposal.
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Waste frying oil has been used to optimize the production of biodiesel. Biodiesel was prepared through sodium ethoxide catalyzed methanolysis from the transesterification of recycled waste frying oil. Optimization of the transesterification reaction for biodiesel production was carried out by means of statistical analyses using ANOVA. The optimum conditions for reaction were the following: a oil methanol mole ratio of 1:9, temperature of 50 degrees C, catalyst mass fraction of 0.9 %, and reaction time of 40 min, which enabled a yield of 98.7 % determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis. The density and viscosity of biodiesel/diesel blends have been determined as a function of composition at several temperatures.
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The objective of this study was to evaluate the dynamic performance of an agricultural tractor utilizing distilled biodiesel (50% ethylic + 50% methylic) as a function of the proportion of biodiesel and diesel of petroleum (0 and 100%, 5 and 95%, 15 and 85%, 25 and 75%, 50 and 50%, 75 and 25% and 100 and 0%), respectively. This research was done in the area of the Department of Rural Engineering of the Paulista State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal Campus, SP, located in the latitude 21° 14′ 28″ S and longitude 48° 17′12″ W. A tractor 4 x 2 FWA was used, with a 73.6 kW (100 HP) motor and a ballast tractor. The biodiesel used was produced from spent oil from food frying. The experimental design was entirely randomized, with 7 treatments and 5 repetitions, totaling 35 observations. The results showed that the biodiesel and diesel blend significantly influenced the hourly volumetric consumption, hourly mass consumption, fuel consumption per worked area and specific fuel consumption variables. When the tractor operated with 100% of biodiesel (B100) the specific fuel consumption increased 18% on average in relation to diesel (B0).
Thermophysical properties of cotton, canola, sunflower and soybean oils as a function of temperature
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Vegetable oils are used in the industry of processed food, including deep-fat frying. This work determined data on the thermophysical properties of cotton, canola, sunflower, corn, and soybean oils. Thermal conductivity, heat capacity, density, and viscosity were measured within the temperature range of 299.15-433.15 K. The data showed that the temperature influenced the thermophysical properties of the oils studied. The developed correlations could be used to predict these properties within the range of temperatures studied. © 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.
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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Agricultura) - FCA
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Pós-graduação em Engenharia e Ciência de Alimentos - IBILCE
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Pós-graduação em Física - IGCE
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Pós-graduação em Física - IGCE