50 resultados para drug susceptibility testing
Resumo:
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Resumo:
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Resumo:
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Resumo:
Objective: To determine the number of colony-forming units (CFU) that best correlates with catheter-related infections (CRI) in newborns.Methods: This was a prospective study of semiquantitative cultures of catheter tips obtained from newborns in the neonatal unit at Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, state of São Paulo, Brazil. The microorganisms isolated from catheter and peripheral blood cultures were identified and submitted to a drug susceptibility test. The optimal cutoff point was determined by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.Results: A total of 85 catheters obtained from 63 newborns were studied. Staphylococcus epidermidis was the predominant species in the catheters (75%). Eight of 11 (72.7%) CRI episodes were associated with coagulase-negative staphylococci, six of which were of the S. epidermidis type. ROC curve analysis indicated that the optimal cutoff point for the diagnosis of CRI was 122 CFU.Conclusions: The cutoff point of 122 CFU correlated best with the diagnosis of CRI in newborns.
Resumo:
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Resumo:
Foram submetidas a PCR-Ribotipagem e aos testes de sensibilidade in vitro frente a 12 antimicrobianos 77 estirpes de Staphylococcus aureus isoladas em amostras de leite procedentes de 40 vacas da raça holandesa que apresentaram mastite subclínica, em uma propriedade rural localizada no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Os resultados obtidos revelaram quatro diferentes padrões de resistência a antimicrobianos, sendo observada a predominância de resistência à lincomicina entre 19 (24,7%) estirpes de S.aureus. As 58 (75,3%) estirpes restantes foram sensíveis aos 12 antimicrobianos testados. A PCR-ribotipagem revelou a ocorrência de nove padrões genotípicos distintos, além de apresentar uma capacidade discriminatória maior (D = 0,82) que a obtida nos antibiogramas (D = 0,42). Entre as 19 estirpes resistentes aos antimicrobianos, 14 (73,7%) foram agrupadas em três padrões de ribotipagem e, destas, 13 (92,9%) apresentaram resistência à eritromicina e à lincomicina, isoladamente ou em associação. O grande número de ribotipos e de padrões de resistência a antimicrobianos observados nesta propriedade demonstrou que há grande heterogeneidade genética em populações naturais de S. aureus, fato este que deve ser levado em consideração em programas de controle da mastite bovina.
Resumo:
Objective: To investigate the microbial etiology of suppurative chronic otitis media (SCOM) in patients with complete cleft lip and palate and isolated cleft palate and to determine the sensitivity of isolated microorganisms to antibiotics by drug diffusion from impregnated discs in agar and the minimum inhibitory concentration of each drug to these microorganisms by drug dilution in agar.Design/Patients: Effusion samples of SCOM obtained from 40 patients with cleft lip and palate registered at the Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of São Paulo, at Bauru, Brazil, were bacteriologically analyzed by cultures. The isolated bacteria were submitted to an in vitro susceptibility test to clinically used drugs.Results: Positive cultures were obtained in 100% of studied cases. Among the 57 strains observed, the most frequent were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (35%), Staphylococcus aureus (15.5%), Enterococcus faecalis (14%), and Proteus mirabilis (12%). The frequency of Gram-negative bacilli (enterobacteriaceae and nonfermentative bacilli) was 67%. Pseudomonas aeruginosa presented the highest sensitivity to ciprofloxacin, and enterobacteriaceae exhibited the highest sensitivity to gentamicin. The strains of S. aureus and E. faecalis presented the highest sensitivity to imipenem and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, respectively.Conclusion: Patients with cleft lip and palate presenting with SCOM exhibited 100% positive cultures, with the highest frequency of Pseudomonas and enterobacteriaceae. With regard to the action of antibiotics, imipenem was effective against the four species of isolated microorganisms, followed by ciprofloxacin, which was effective against 75% of isolated species.
Resumo:
The presence of Staphylococcus aureus in the nasal cavities and pericatheter skin of peritoneal dialysis patients put them at high risk of developing peritonitis. However, it is not clear whether the presence of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) in the nasal passages and skin of patients is related to subsequent occurrence of peritoneal infection. The aim of the present study was to verify the relationship between endogenous sources of S. aureus and CNS and occurrence of peritonitis in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis. Thirty-two patients on peritoneal hemodialysis were observed for 18 months. Staphylococcus species present in their nasal passage, pericatheter skin and peritoneal effluent were identified and compared based on drug susceptibility tests and dendrograms, which were drawn to better visualize the similarity among strains from extraperitoneal sites as well as their involvement in the causes of infection. Out of 288 Staphylococcus strains isolated, 155 (53.8%) were detected in the nasal cavity, 122 (42.4%) on the skin, and 11 (3.8%) in the peritoneal effluent of patients who developed peritonitis during the study. The most frequent Staphylococcus species were CNS (78.1%), compared with S. aureus (21.9%). Among CNS, S. epidermidis was predominant (64.4%), followed by S. warneri (15.1%), S. haemolyticus (10.7%), and other species (9.8%). Seven (64%) out of 11 cases of peritonitis analyzed presented similar strains. The same strain was isolated from different sites in two (66%) out of three S. aureus infection cases. In the six cases of S. epidermidis peritonitis, the species that caused infection was also found in the normal flora. From these, two cases (33%) presented highly similar strains and in three cases (50%), it was difficult to group strains as to similarity. Patients colonized with multidrug-resistant S. epidermidis strains were more predisposed to infection. Results demonstrated that an endogenous source of S. epidermidis could cause peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis patients, similarly to what has been observed with S. aureus.
Resumo:
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Resumo:
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Resumo:
Os sucroésteres são empregados como surfactantes, tensoativos, substitutos de gordura e antibióticos. Este trabalho tem como objetivo sintetizar um novo sucroéster derivado do ácido picolínico (ácido 2-piridinocarboxílico), o picolinato de sacarose, e estudar sua atividade antibacteriana in vitrosobre a bactéria Gram-negativa patogênica Escherichia coli. A síntese do picolinato de sacarose foi processada a partir da transesterificação da sacarose com picolinato de metila em condição anidra à 80oC, utilizando dimetil sulfóxido (DMSO) como solvente e K2CO3 como catalisador. A separação dos isômeros formados foi realizada por HPLC no modo semipreparativo e cinco frações cromatográficas foram coletadas e aplicadas em testes de atividade antibacteriana, por disco-difusão em meio sólido, nas concentrações de 150; 300; 450; 600; 750 e 900 μg/mL. As frações 2, 4 e 6 foram ativas contra E.coli. e a fração 4 (900 μg/mL) foi a mais eficiente, sendo selecionada para testes em sinergia com EDTA nas concentrações de 250, 500 e 750 μg/mL, com melhor resultado quando empregado EDTA em 750 μg/mL. Neste caso, os discos apresentaram halos de inibição de crescimento igual ao da Tetraciclina (30 μg/mL) e superior aos produzidos pelos discos com Gentamicina (10 μg/mL). A fração 4 foi caracterizada por FTIR e espectrometria de massas (ESI-MS) e os resultados indicam que se trata sucroéster monossubstituído. Palavras-chave:Sucroquímica. Sucroéster. Sacarose. Picolinato de sacarose. Escherichia coli. Antibiograma por disco-difusão. ABSTRACT Study of antimicrobial activity of sucrose picolinate against Escherichia coli Sucrose esters are generally used as surfactants, fat substitutes and antibiotics. The aim of the present study was to synthesize new sucrose esters derived from picolinic acid (2-pyridine carboxylic acid) and study in vitro antimicrobial activity on the Gramnegative pathogenic bacterium Escherichia coli. The synthesis of sucrose picolinate was performed through the transesterification of sucrose with methyl picolinate under anhydrous conditions at 80 oC using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as the solvent and K2CO3as the catalyst. The separation of the formed isomers was performed by HPLC in a semi-preparative chromatograph system. Five fractions were collected and applied to a disc-diffusion antibiogram in solidmedium tests at concentrations of 150, 300, 450, 600, 750 and 900 μg/mL. Fractions 2, 4 and 6 were active against E. coli. Fraction 4 (900 μg/mL) was the most efficient and was selected for the determination of antimicrobial activity in synergistic tests with EDTA at concentrations of 250, 500 and 750 μg/mL. The best result was obtained with 750 μg/mL of EDTA. Fraction 4 was characterized as a monosubstituted sucrose ester by FTIR and mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Keywords: Sucrochemistry. Sucrose. Chromium picolinate sucrose. Escherichia coli. Susceptibility testing by disk diffusion.
Resumo:
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Resumo:
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Resumo:
Pós-graduação em Biopatologia Bucal - ICT
Resumo:
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
