Metabolismo e exigências de minerais em cabras gestantes

Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FCAV

Incorporação de flúor no biofilme dentário e fluido do biofilme após o uso de dentifrícios convencional e com concentração reduzida de flúor, em comunidades com diferentes níveis de flúor na água de abastecimento

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Biochemical and microbiological characteristics of in situ biofilm formed on materials containing fluoride or amorphous calcium phosphate

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Experimental evidence of enhanced ferroelectricity in Ca doped BiFeO3

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Micro-arc oxidation as a tool to develop multifunctional calcium-rich surfaces for dental implant applications

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Mineral metabolism in singleton and twin-pregnant dairy goats

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Digestibilidade do amido e disponibilidade de ca e p em alimentos energéticos extrusados para a tilápia do nilo (Oreochromis niloticus)

Apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of starch and calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) apparent availability were evaluated in five cereal grain products and byproducts (corn, wheat meal, rice grain, rice bran and sorghum) for Nile tilapia. Chromic oxide was used as an external digestibility marker. The highest Ca and P apparent availability, respectively, were obtained for rice grain (43.03 and 64.79%), sorghum (39.89 and 58.09%) and corn (22.18 and 19.48%), while rice bran (-31.49 and 3.25%) and wheat meal (5.80 and 1.18%) showed the lowest values. Starch digestibility varied between 99.45 and 95.59% among the evaluated ingredients. This high ADC of starch observed in this study confirms that Nile tilapia is able to efficiently digest and utilize complex carbohydrates.

Availability of nutrients, productive properties, and quality of sunflower ( L.) seeds in acid soils amended with different molar ratios between Ca and Mg

Liming is indispensable in acid soils for amending acidity; however, the technique may alter the cation balance in soil and, consequently, may limit the availability and uptake of nutrients. We aimed to evaluate different molar ratios between calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) on the availability of soil nutrients and their influence on the productive properties of sunflower and seed quality. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse under two types of contrasting soils and six molar combinations of CaCO3and MgCO3 in amendment of soil acidity to raise base saturation to 70%. After incubation, soil analysis was undertaken to verify the ratios obtained and nutrient availability. Morphological and production variables were analyzed at the end of the experiment, as well as accumulation of nutrients in the achenes and their physiological quality. In spite of equal base saturation between the types of soil, there were differences in the available contents of these cations. The increase in the Ca contents limited the Mg contents to the critical level of the sunflower. This result had a negative influence on the production properties of sunflower and physiological quality. In contrast, there was a compensation of the crop with greater accumulation of nutrients in the achenes under lower yield.

Níveis nutricionais de cálcio para aves de corte ISA Label criadas sob semiconfinamento

Determinaram-se os níveis nutricionais de cálcio (Ca) para aves, machos e fêmeas, da linhagem ISA Label, nas fases inicial (um a 28 dias), crescimento (28 a 56 dias) e final (56 a 84 dias). Foram realizados três ensaios, um para cada fase, e, em cada ensaio, 480 aves com idade correspondente à fase de criação foram alojadas em 24 unidades experimentais com áreas de abrigo e de pastejo. Foi utilizado delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 4x2 (Ca e sexo), totalizando oito tratamentos com três repetiç ões de 20 aves. Avaliaram-se: ganho de peso (GP); consumo de dieta (CD); conversão alimentar (CA); teores de fósforo (PT), de cálcio (CaT) e de cinzas na tíbia (CT) e resistência à quebra óssea (RQO). Na fase inicial, recomenda-se 1,16% de Ca na dieta, para aves de ambos os sexos, na fase de crescimento, 0,78 e 0,88% de Ca para machos e fêmeas, respectivamente, e, na fase final, 0,69% de Ca na dieta para ambos os sexos.

Avaliação do Desempenho e Excreção de Cálcio em Duas Linhagens de Frangos de Corte, na Fase Inicial, Alimentados com Diferentes Níveis de Aminoácidos e de Cálcio

Dois experimentos foram realizados com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos de diferentes níveis de aminoácidos e de cálcio sobre o desempenho e excreção de cálcio de duas linhagens de frangos de corte (Cobb e Avian Farms) na fase inicial de criação. Foram avaliados os dados de desempenho (consumo de ração, ganho de peso e conversão alimentar) e excreção de cálcio. Foram utilizadas 540 aves, em cada experimento, distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 3x2, ou seja, 3 perfis de aminoácidos (metionina, metionina+cistina, lisina e treonina - 100%, 125% e 150% dos níveis do NRC,1994) e 2 níveis de cálcio (75% e 100% dos níveis do NRC,1994), com 30 aves por repetição. Analisou-se o cálcio excretado das aves, e para tanto, utilizou-se 72 aves, em cada experimento, alojadas em gaiolas, seguindo o mesmo delineamento descrito anteriormente. Não houve interação entre os tratamentos estudados. Para a linhagem Avian Farms, o ganho de peso diminuiu com a elevação dos níveis de aminoácidos e ocorreu menor excreção de cálcio com menor nível de cálcio da dieta. A linhagem Cobb não foi influenciada pelos tratamentos em nenhum dos parâmetros estudados.

Desempenho, rendimento de carcaça e excreção de cálcio de frangos de corte alimentados com diferentes níveis de aminoácidos e cálcio no período de 22 a 42 dias de idade

Um experimento foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar diferentes níveis de aminoácidos e de cálcio para frangos de corte no período de 22 a 42 dias de idade. Avaliou-se o desempenho, o rendimento de carcaça e a excreção de cálcio. Foram utilizadas 540 aves, machos, da marca comercial Cobb, distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 3x2, ou seja, 3 níveis de aminoácidos (metionina, metionina+cistina, lisina e treonina - 100%, 125% e 150% NRC,1994) e 2 níveis de cálcio (75% e 100% NRC,1994), com 3 repetições de 30 aves cada. Os aminoácidos estudados foram metionina, metionina+cistina, lisina e treonina. O desempenho das aves foi avaliado pelo peso vivo, ganho de peso, consumo de ração e conversão alimentar. O rendimento de carcaça e a percentagem de cada parte foram avaliados de 2 aves de cada repetição, escolhidas ao acaso, perfazendo um total de 6 animais por tratamento. O rendimento de carcaça foi realizado após o abate levando-se em consideração a percentagem de peito, pernas (coxa+sobrecoxa), asas, dorso, cabeça+pescoço e pés em relação à carcaça eviscerada. Além disso, analisou-se o cálcio excretado pelas aves. Para tanto, utilizou-se 72 aves, alojadas em gaiolas, seguindo o mesmo delineamento descrito anteriormente. Não houve interação entre os fatores estudados para as características avaliadas. As que consumiram dietas com 125% e 150% de aminoácidos apresentaram melhor conversão alimentar. O rendimento de peito foi afetado pelos níveis de cálcio.

Soil-liming effects on the development and nutritional status of the carambola tree and its fruit-yielding capacity

Soil acidity is one of the most important factors limiting agricultural production in the tropics. For this reason, the objective of this research work was to evaluate the effects of soil liming on the performance of carambola (Averrhoa carambola) trees. The experiment took place at the Citrus Experimental Station in Bebedouro, state of São Paulo, Brazil. The soil was a Typic Haplustox (V = 26% at the 0- to 20-cm layer) between August 1999 and July 2003. The following doses of limestone were employed: 0, 1.85, 3.71, 5.56, and 7.41 t ha(-1). During 40 months after the experiment was set up, soil chemical attributes were periodically examined. For a period of 2 years, the trees had their leaves analyzed for micro-and macronutrients; their trunk diameter, height, and crown volume measured; and the production of fruits determined. Liming improved in evaluated chemical attributes of the soil: pH, calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), BS, V, and hydrogen and aluminium (H + At) from the upper 60 cm of soil when the samples were taken from both the line and between the lines of plants. In the leaves, the levels of Ca and Mg also increased. The highest fruit yields were observed when soil base saturations reached 45% on the lines and 50% between the lines, as well as when foliar levels of 8.0 g of Ca and 4.7 a of Mg per kilogram of leaves were attained.

Chemical properties and enzyme activity in a sewage sludge-treated soil

A soil sample was taken from the top 0-20cm at Jaboticabal county, São Paulo State, Brazil, air dried, sieved to 5mm, and placed into pots (2700g per pot). Sewage sludge was air-dried, ground to 2mm, and thoroughly mixed to the top 0-10cm soil of each pot, which were irrigated with distilled water in a total volume equivalent to the last 30years average rainfall in the region. Sorghum was sowed 120days after sewage sludge incorporation and then the irrigation was made according to the plants' requirement. When the plants were about 10 cm high, they were thinned to two per pot. Soil samples (0-10, 10-20, and 20-30 cm depth) were obtained immediately after the incorporation of sewage sludge and at 30, 60, 120, and 170 days after, air dried, sieved to 2 mm and analyzed for organic matter (OM), pH (0,01 mol L-1 CaCl2), extractable P (resin), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg), amylase and cellulase activity. Sewage sludge increased soil OM, pH, extractable phosphorus (P), K. Ca. amylase and cellulase activity, especially at the rate 16 t ha(-1). Organic matter, extractable P, K, Ca, Mg. and amylase activity were higher in the top 0-10cm, while pH was higher in the 20-30cm layer. Amylase activity was not affected by sampling depth. Organic matter, pH, extractable P. K, Ca, and Mg decreased during the experimental period. Amylase activity decreased until sorghum was sowed and increased afterwards. Cellulase activity increased until 90 days after sewage sludge application and then decreased. Sewage sludge used in the experiment should already contain some amylase activity or a substance that was a soil enzyme activator and also a substance that was an inhibitor of soil cellulase inhibitor. Sonic of the plant nutrients contained in sewage sludge, mainly P, did not migrate down the soil column. an indication that sewage sludge should be incorporated into the soil to improve nutrient bioavailability. Sorghum roots increased amylase activity but did not affect cellulase activity.

Effect of liming on the mineral nutrition and yield of growing guava trees in a typic hapludox soil

High soil acidity influences the availability of mineral nutrients and increases that of toxic aluminium (Al), which has a jeopardizing effect on plant growth. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of soil liming on the development of guava (Psidium guajava L.) plants, on soil chemical characteristics, and on fruit yield. The experiment was carried out at the Bebedouro Citrus Experimental Station, state of São Paulo, Brazil, in a Typic Hapludox soil, from August 1999 to March 2003. The treatments consisted of limestone dose: D0 = zero; D1 = half dose; D2 = total dose; D3 = 1.5 times the dose, and D4 = 2 times the dose to raise the V value to 70%. The doses corresponded to zero, 1.85, 3.71, 5.56, and 7.41tha(-1) applied to the upper soil layer (0-30cm deep) before planting. The results showed that liming caused an improvement in the evaluated soil chemical characteristics up to a depth of 60cm in soil samples both in the line and between lines. The highest fruit yields were obtained when the base saturation reached a value of 55% in the line and 62% between the lines. Foliar levels of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) were 8.8 and 2.5gkg-1, respectively. The highest limestone dose maintained the soil base saturation (at the layer of 0-20cm) in the line close to 55% during at least 40 months after the incorporation of limestone.

Macronutrients in Marandu Palisade Grass as Influenced by Lime, Slag, and Nitrogen Fertilization

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)