191 resultados para amostras indeformadas


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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Este trabalho trata sobre a calibração de um aparelho baseado na técnica TDR para estudos do fluxo de água em solo não saturado, com base na medição indireta da umidade, sucção matricial (ψ) e condutividade hidráulica não saturada k(ψ), num perfil de solo inalterado. Isto é possível mediante ensaios de laboratório decorrentes da mecânica de solos tradicional e não saturada, a partir de amostras indeformadas retiradas a diferentes profundidades durante a construção de um poço, onde foram instaladas as sondas do TDR. Dos ensaios, obtiveram-se equações polinomiais para relacionar o comportamento da variação do período de tempo do pulso eletromagnético percorrido pela sonda TDR com a variação da umidade do solo e modelos de van Genuchten (1980) para relacionar a umidade com (ψ) e k(ψ). Os resultados mostraram que, para a calibração da umidade neste tipo de solos, um ajuste polinomial de quarto grau se apresenta como melhor alternativa em relação às expressões existentes em lugares onde foram derivadas estas teorias. Adicionalmente, se observou, que as maiores variações de (ψ) e k(ψ). ocorrerão entre a saturação e 10% de umidade devido à peculiaridade da curva de retenção. Finalmente, a presente calibração se apresenta como um expediente útil e prático para estudos hidrodinâmicos de solos não saturados. Palavras-chave: calibração, reflectômetro, teor de umidade, solo não saturado.

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The tillage comprises on average 25% of the cost of deploying a reed, so this cost reduction measures are desirable since they do not compromise the quality of the operation and longevity of sugarcane. The objective was to evaluate the effect of different tillage systems in Acrustox, correlating soil physical properties and characteristics of sugarcane agroindustrial plant cane and ratoon cane. We used five types of soil tillage, over experimental design in blocks with five replications. The particle size was measured every 0.1 m to 0.4 m depth, through deformed soil samples collected at the end of the first growth cycle of the culture. For other soil physical properties: bulk density, total porosity and water content, assessments were performed at the end of each cycle, collecting soil samples in layers of 0-0.20 to 0.21-0.40 m, in addition to performing the penetration resistance, using a penetrometer impact. The response of sugarcane depending on the types of tillage was determined from the evaluation of productivity per hectare of stem (TCH), sugar (TPH), the values of pol % cane (AP), sugar total recoverable (ATR) and fiber samples collected at harvest stalk of sugarcane plant and ratoon cane. In the tillage studied, there was a change of the physical attributes of the soil, causing reduced productivity in 2009/2010 crop, compared with the 2008/2009 season. In tillage system of furrowing direct lowest result was observed for TCH, especially in 2009/2010 crop, when the difference with conventional tillage was 20.53 Mg ha(-1).

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Pós-graduação em Geociências e Meio Ambiente - IGCE

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Ciência do Solo) - FCAV

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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No-till has been used in many different regions of Brazil. However, depending on the location and intensity of machinery traffic, this has caused the problem of soil compaction and many producers are scarification the land as a solution to break through the layer that is restricting plant growth. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of scarification (0.30 m) in the physical properties of a dystrophic Alfisol comparing the results with a non-scarified contiguous area; both were previously conducted using no-till. The density and pressure of pre-consolidation were sampled in two areas of non-tillage, one with chiseling (PDCE) and one without (PDSE) by using the UMAS -Mobile Soil Sampling Unit built by NEMPA – Agroforestry Machinery and Tire Testing Center/FCA / UNESP, Botucatu ,SP. The UMAS is equipped with GPS which allows the samples to be georeferenced. The samples were evaluated in the laboratory through the collection of standardized rings. Sampling was performed at a dimension of 15 x 50 m, with 160 rings being collected. The samples containing rings which were used in determining the density and also for testing the consolidometer, were collected from the layers of 0 to 0.10 m, 0.10 to 0.20 m, 0.20 to 0.30 0.30 to I 0.40 m. For the odometer test the undisturbed sample rings were used in obtaining the load bearing capacity of the soil. The soil management adopted provided a decrease in soil density using no-tillage with scarification depths from 0.0 to 0.10 0.10 to 0.20 m while the other depths did not show any decrease. The pre-consolidation pressure in combination with soil aggregate resistance identified that the management process PDCE within all layers was subjected to water content reliability regarding a greater load bearing capacity of the soil. For the PDSE that only was possible in the 0 to 0.10 m, showing greater consolidation of this layer.