Frontal sinus obliteration with heterogeneous corticocancellous bone versus spontaneous osteoneogenesis in monkeys (Cebus apella): Histologic analysis

Purpose: In this study, we evaluated the results of spontaneous osteoneogenesis of the frontal sinus with autogenous bone plug versus obliteration with heterogeneous (human) bone in monkeys (Cebus apella).Materials and Methods: Eight young adult male C apella monkeys underwent an ostectomy of the anterior wall of the frontal sinus, removal of the sinus mucosa, and inner decortication of the bony walls and then were divided into 2 groups of 4 each, as follows. Group I monkeys underwent obliteration of the nasofrontal ducts with a free segment of frontallis muscle and corticocancellous heterogeneous bone, followed by full obliteration of the sinus with corticocancellous heterogeneous bone (Dayton Regional Tissue Bank, Dayton, OH). Group II monkeys underwent obliteration of the nasofrontal ducts with a frontal muscle segment and tibial autogenous bone plug, without full obliteration of the frontal sinus. In all animals, the sinus anterior wall was repositioned and fixed with 1.0 plate and screws. The monkeys were killed after 180 days, and routine laboratory procedures were followed for hematoxylin-eosin staining and histologic evaluation of the specimens.Results: the 2 studied techniques were both effective in obliterating the frontal sinus with newly formed bone. The nasofrontal ducts were obliterated by new bone formation or fibrous tissue (1 animal only).Conclusions: Both methods used for frontal sinus obliteration were effective; the heterogeneous bone (human bone) was well tolerated and presented low antigenicity. The nasofrontal duct obliteration with autogenous muscle associated with autogenous tibial bone (group II) or with heterogeneous bone (group I) was effective, isolating the frontal sinus from the nasal cavity. The spontaneous obliteration resulted, in the period analyzed, in earlier bone maturation compared with the obliteration by heterogeneous bone. (C) 2003 American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons.

Adapta����o transcultural Portugal-Brasil do Invent��rio de Burnout de Maslach para estudantes

OBJETIVO: Realizar a adapta����o transcultural da vers��o em portugu��s do Invent��rio de Burnout de Maslach para estudantes e investigar sua confiabilidade, validade e invari��ncia transcultural. M��TODOS: A valida����o de face envolveu participa����o de equipe multidisciplinar. Foi realizada valida����o de conte��do. A vers��o em portugu��s foi preenchida em 2009, pela internet, por 958 estudantes universit��rios brasileiros e 556 portugueses da zona urbana. Realizou-se an��lise fatorial confirmat��ria utilizando-se como ��ndices de ajustamento o ����/df, o comparative fit index (CFI), goodness of fit index (GFI) e o root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA). Para verifica����o da estabilidade da solu����o fatorial conforme a vers��o original em ingl��s, realizou-se valida����o cruzada em 2/3 da amostra total e replicada no 1/3 restante. A validade convergente foi estimada pela vari��ncia extra��da m��dia e confiabilidade composta. Avaliou-se a validade discriminante e a consist��ncia interna foi estimada pelo coeficiente alfa de Cronbach. A validade concorrente foi estimada por an��lise correlacional da vers��o em portugu��s e dos escores m��dios do Invent��rio de Burnout de Copenhague; a divergente foi comparada �� Escala de Depress��o de Beck. Foi avaliada a invari��ncia do modelo entre a amostra brasileira e a portuguesa. RESULTADOS: O modelo trifatorial de Exaust��o, Descren��a e Efic��cia apresentou ajustamento adequado (����/df = 8,498; CFI = 0,916; GFI = 0,902; RMSEA = 0,086). A estrutura fatorial foi est��vel (��: ����dif = 11,383, p = 0,50; Cov: ����dif = 6,479, p = 0,372; Res��duos: ����dif = 21,514, p = 0,121). Observou-se adequada validade convergente (VEM = 0,45;0,64, CC = 0,82;0,88), discriminante (���� = 0,06;0,33) e consist��ncia interna (�� = 0,83;0,88). A validade concorrente da vers��o em portugu��s com o Invent��rio de Copenhague foi adequada (r = 0,21;0,74). A avalia����o da validade divergente do instrumento foi prejudicada pela aproxima����o do conceito te��rico das dimens��es Exaust��o e Descren��a da vers��o em portugu��s com a Escala de Beck. N��o se observou invari��ncia do instrumento entre as amostras brasileiras e portuguesas (��:����dif = 84,768, p < 0,001; Cov: ����dif = 129,206, p < 0,001; Res��duos: ����dif = 518,760, p < 0,001). CONCLUS��ES: A vers��o em portugu��s do Invent��rio de Burnout de Maslach para estudantes apresentou adequada confiabilidade e validade, mas sua estrutura fatorial n��o foi invariante entre os pa��ses, apontando aus��ncia de estabilidade transcultural.

Ventricular Remodeling Induced by Tissue Vitamin A Deficiency in Rats

Background/Aims: Experimental studies suggest that vitamin A plays a role in regulating cardiac structure and function. We tested the hypothesis that cardiac vitamin A deficiency is associated with adverse myocardial remodeling in young adult rats. Methods: Two groups of young female rats, control (C - n = 29) and tissue vitamin A deficient (RVA - n = 31), were subjected to transthoracic echocardiography exam, isolated rat heart study and biochemical study. Results: The RVA rats showed a reduced total vitamin A concentration in both the liver and heart [vitamin A in heart, mu mol/kg (C = 0.95 +/- 0.44 and RVA = 0.24 +/- 0.16, p = 0.01)] with the same serum retinol levels (C = 0.73 +/- 0.29 mu mol/L e RVA = 0.62 +/- 0.17 mu mol/L, p = 0.34). The RVA rats showed higher left ventricular diameters and reduced systolic function. The RVA rats also demonstrated increased lipid hydroperoxide/total antioxidant capacity ratio and cardiac levels of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha but not of metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9 activity. on the other hand, the RVA rats had decreased levels of beta-hydroxyacylcoenzyme A dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase. Conclusions: Tissue vitamin A deficiency stimulated cardiac remodeling and ventricular dysfunction. Additionally, the data support the involvement of oxidative stress, energy metabolism, and cytokine production in this remodeling process. Copyright (C) 2010 S. Karger AG, Basel

Spermatogenesis chronology in Achroia grisella Fabricius (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae) comparing eupyrene and apyrene spermiogenesis

Achroia grisella exhibit dichotomous spermatogenesis producing two types of sperm, one is eupyrene that possesses nucleus, and the other is apyrene that lacks it. Transmission electron microscopy of spermatogenesis morphology is described considering sperm type which will appear at sonic point during insect development, and differences that mark the two types of sperm formation. The differences between them are only really visible during spermiogenesis even though they were determined before meiosis. Both forms were seen in the larval stage, but there is a little difference in the time of their appearance. Eupyrene cysts were seen from the 8(th) larval stage, whereas apyrene were only found after the 10(th) stage. In early insect development stages, eupyrene cysts predominate, but as the insect ages, they are overtaken by apyrene. Although some eupyrene cysts are still present in young adult testis, the majority are apyrene. As eupyrene sperm is formed, bundles migrate to the seminal vesicle therefore in early pupae eupyrene sperm are already present there whereas apyrene cells arrive later. The exact mechanism and determining factors responsible for apyrene sperm origin are still to be clarified. The probable causes of apyrene sperm appearance are discussed as well as its role in the sperm competition.

Estimativa da composi����o corporal e an��lise de concord��ncia entre analisadores de imped��ncia bioel��trica bipolar e tetrapolar

Funda����o de Amparo �� Pesquisa do Estado de S��o Paulo (FAPESP)

Influence of ultrasound and physical activity on bone healing

Funda����o de Amparo �� Pesquisa do Estado de S��o Paulo (FAPESP)

Biological behavior of the gerbil ventral prostate in three phases of postnatal development

In this study, we characterized the gerbil's ventral prostate histology ultrastructurally and quantitatively throughout three phases of postnatal development (young, adult, and old) in order to comprehend its biological behavior and propensity to developing spontaneous lesions with aging. The gerbil prostate is composed of alveoli and ducts immersed in a stroma composed of smooth muscle, fibroblasts, collagen and elastic fibers and vessels. The prostate tissue components present morphological and quantitative aspects that vary according to age. Young animals have an immature gland with modest secretory activity. Synthetic activity remained stable in adult and old gerbil. However, prostatic morphology was altered in the aging, showing an increased epithelium and stromal fibrosis. The nuclei of the secretory cells increased with aging, whereas nucleoli presented few alterations during postnatal development. The epithelial proliferation and stromal remodeling noted in this study indicate that the gerbil prostate may respond to the androgen declines typical of senescence through epithelial proliferation and stromal remodeling.

Acid phosphatase activity in gerbil prostate: comparative study in male and female during postnatal development

The prostate is present in both male and female mammals. It is composed of secretory epithelium, connective stroma, smooth muscle and neuroendocrine cells, which are under hormonal regulation. Acid phosphatases catalyze the hydrolysis of orthophosphate monoesters. We have compared the expression of acid phosphatases in gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) prostate glands in both sexes using young, adult and old animals. Eighteen prostates were isolated, frozen, sectioned, fixed, incubated with sodium beta-glycerophosphate sodium, washed with acetate buffer solution, treated with ammonium sulfide and counterstained with Methyl-Green aqueous solution. Ultracytochemical analyses were also conducted. This substrate revealed total acid phosphatase activity. The expression of the enzyme was heterogeneous, occurring in all ages during postnatal development. The data. revealed that the female prostate matured before the male prostate. In addition, acid phosphatase activity in both sexes was regulated by androgen variation concomitant with development. (C) 2004 International Federation for Cell Biology. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Aging effects on the mongolian gerbil female prostate (Skene's paraurethral glands): Structural, ultrastructural, quantitative, and hormonal evaluations

Different from the classic view, the prostate is not a gland exclusive to the male, also being an organ of the female genital system presenting morphofunctional similarity between human and rodent. Thus structural, ultrastructural, morphometric-stereological features of the female prostate (Skene's paraurethral gland) and steroid serological levels were evaluated during young, adult, and senile ages in the Mongolian gerbil. The morphofunctional precocity of the female gland in comparison with the male gland occurring in young gland is probably associated with the female circulating steroid levels. The hormonal imbalance in senesce coincides with its susceptibility to histopathological lesions, such as epithelial hypertrophy, metaplasia, and intraepithelial neoplasia. Differently than that of males, the aging degeneration of the female gland involves the accumulation of lipofuscin granules. However, the alterations in senile prostate did not damage its functionality. These analyses reinforce the use of this experimental model for the comprehension of glandular morphofunctional aspects with special attention to senescence. Thus, the appreciation of this organ becomes relevant to avoid future discomfort to women's health.

Long-term inhibition of 5-alpha reductase and aromatase changes the cellular and extracellular compartments in gerbil ventral prostate at different postnatal ages

Funda����o de Amparo �� Pesquisa do Estado de S��o Paulo (FAPESP)

Hiperparatireoidismo em gatos com hipertireoidismo experimental

Funda����o de Amparo �� Pesquisa do Estado de S��o Paulo (FAPESP)

Os efeitos do FUNDEF nas pol��ticas educacionais dos munic��pios mineiros

Este artigo tem por objetivo discutir os efeitos do FUNDEF sobre as pol��ticas educacionais dos munic��pios de Minas Gerais. As an��lises est��o balizadas em entrevistas realizadas com secret��rios municipais de educa����o de uma amostra de 22 munic��pios, entre novembro e dezembro de 2002. A an��lise leva em conta um conjunto de argumentos e hip��teses levantado pela literatura, o que inclui a tend��ncia �� busca de ganhos de escala e concentra����o de alunos e estabelecimentos; a poss��vel melhora de remunera����o e qualifica����o do corpo docente; o desenvolvimento de iniciativas de capacita����o dos professores; a redu����o do uso dos recursos vinculados �� educa����o para outros fins; o poss��vel subinvestimento em educa����o infantil, ensino m��dio e educa����o de jovens e adultos, devido �� sua exclus��o do FUNDEF; e a poss��vel insufici��ncia do valor de refer��ncia do Fundo.

Compensatory lung growth: protein, DNA and RNA lung contents in undernourished trilobectomized rats

OBJETIVO: demonstrar se ocorre crescimento pulmonar compensat��rio (CPC) representado pelos conte��dos de prote��nas, DNA e RNA no rato adulto jovem, subnutrido, submetido �� trilobectomia pulmonar. M��TODOS: Utilizamos 137 ratos Wistar, machos, distribu��dos por sorteio, em 9 grupos, submetidos a tr��s tratamentos (controle, toracotomia, trilobectomia), sacrificados em tr��s momentos (7, 30 e 90 dias). Na trilobectomia foram extirpados os lobos m��dio, acess��rio e caudal direitos. Vari��veis estudadas: conte��dos pulmonares de prote��nas, DNA e RNA. RESULTADOS: No lobo cranial e pulm��o esquerdo o conte��do prot��ico foi maior nos trilobectomizados. Ocorreu CPC insuficiente para suprir a perda desta vari��vel, sendo menor nos pulm��es dos trilobectomizados. O incremento nos conte��dos de DNA do lobo cranial e pulm��o esquerdo dos trilobectomizados foram suficientes para compensar a perda desta vari��vel, resultando num conte��do de DNA dos pulm��es semelhante aos controle. O conte��do de RNA, nos trilobectomizados, foi maior no lobo cranial e pulm��o esquerdo, com maior efici��ncia no primeiro, insuficiente para que se aproximassem aos obtidos nos demais grupos, ficando menores. CONCLUS��O: Nos trilobectomizados ocorreu CPC, provavelmente com hiperplasia celular e pouca hipertrofia, devido a grande compensa����o do DNA e pequena do RNA. Esta foi a grande diferen��a quando comparamos este resultado ao obtido com animais nutridos, que apresentavam hipertrofia pronunciada.

An��lise das condi����es de sa��de e de vida da popula����o urbana de Botucatu, SP (Brasil): II - Conhecimentos e opini��es da popula����o sobre sintomas de doen��as, 1983

Com objetivo de verificar o grau de informa����o da popula����o urbana de Botucatu sobre quest��es de sa��de, foram pesquisados conhecimentos e opini��es a respeito da freq����ncia e gravidade de treze sintomas e sinais de doen��as, em 1.005 fam��lias amostradas. As respostas foram analisadas segundo idade, sexo, escolaridade e estrato s��cio-econ��mico e mostraram tend��ncia compat��vel com os conhecimentos da medicina cient��fica. Na compara����o dos sexos, por idade, as mulheres (adultas jovens) valorizaram mais do que os homens a freq����ncia e a gravidade da maioria dos sintomas. Os escores altos conferidos para a gravidade tenderam a diminuir com o aumento da escolaridade para todos os sintomas. Houve varia����es, entre os sintomas, na valoriza����o da freq����ncia, de acordo com os estratos s��cio-econ��micos, com tend��ncia �� diminui����o dos escores altos para gravidade, com o aumento do n��vel s��cio-econ��mico. O grau de informa����o encontrado na popula����o contraria o preconceito ainda existente na ��rea m��dica, a respeito do conhecimento dos leigos. Foi levantada a hip��tese de que a amostra estudada teve acesso a m��ltiplas fontes de informa����o, entre as quais a extensa rede local de servi��os m��dicos.

Desempenho produtivo de vacas de quatro grupos gen��ticos submetidas a diferentes manejos alimentares desmamadas aos 42 ou 63 dias p��s-parto

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient��fico e Tecnol��gico (CNPq)