Mesiodistal angulations of the mandibular canines, premolars and molars with or without the presence of third molars

The results show that, in both groups, the mandibular premolars and molars had enhanced angulation in the mesial direction, when compared with a control group of 42 Caucasians ranging in age from 12 to 17 years with a 'normal' occlusion (P < 0.05), while the mesiodistal axial angulation of the mandibular canines was similar to the control group (P < 0.05). The two groups, when compared, exhibited similar angular values for the canines, premolars and mandibular molars (P < 0.05), indicating no influence of the third molars.

Anteroventral third ventricle lesions impair cardiovascular responses to intravenous hypertonic saline infusion

The anteroventral third ventricle (AV3V) region is a critical area of the forebrain, acting on fluid and electrolyte balance and maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of lesions to the anteroventral third ventricle region on cardiovascular responses to intravenous hypertonic saline (HS) infusion, Male Wistar rats were anesthetized with urethane. The femoral artery and jugular vein were cannulated to record mean arterial pressure (MAP) and infuse hypertonic saline (3M NaCl, 0.18 mL/100 g bw, over 1 min), respectively. Renal blood flow (RBF) was recorded by ultrasonic transit-time flow probes. Renal vascular conductance (RVC) was calculated as renal blood flow to mean arterial pressure ratio and expressed as percentage of baseline. After hypertonic saline infusion in sham animals, renal blood flow and renal vascular conductance increased to 137+10% and 125+7% (10 min), and 141 +/- 10% and 133 +/- 10% (60 min), respectively. Increases in mean arterial pressure (20-min peak: 12 +/- 3 mm Hg) were also observed. An acute lesion in the AV3V region (DC, 2 mA 25s) 30 min before infusion abrogated the effects of hypertonic saline. Mean arterial pressure was unchanged and renal blood flow and renal vascular conductance were 107 +/- 7% and 103 +/- 6% (10 min), and 107 +/- 4 and 106 +/- 4% (60 min), respectively. Marked tachycardia was observed immediately after lesion. Responses of chronic sham or lesioned rats were similar to those of acute animals. However, in chronic lesioned rats, hypertonic saline induced sustained hypertension. These results demonstrate that integrity of the AV3V region is essential for the renal vasodilation that follows acute changes in extracellular fluid compartment composition. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Vertical migration of Haemonchus contortus third stage larvae on Brachiaria decumbens grass

The present study aimed at evaluating the vertical migration of Haemonchus contortus third stage larvae (1-3) on Brachiaria decumbens grass, as well as at verifying whether larval numbers on pasture varies over the day due to climatic conditions. Feces containing H. contortus L3 were deposited on the soil in the middle of herbage which was initially 30 cm high. Seven days later, samples of different herbage strata (0-10, 10-20 and >20 cm), remaining feces and a layer of approximately 1 cm soil were collected. Tests were carried out in four periods: September 2006, December 2006, March 2007, and June 2007. Samples were collected at sunrise, mid-day, sunset, and mid-night. The humidity and temperature conditions observed in different months influenced larval migration from the feces to the grass. In September, December and March, it rained after fecal deposition on pasture, which favored migration of larvae from the feces to the herbage. Conversely, in June 2007, when there was no rainfall after fecal deposition and temperatures were lower, L3 were mainly recovered from feces. As regards the vertical migration of larvae, the numbers of H. contortus L3 in the forage strata remained relatively constant over the day. This indicates there is not a determined period in which sheep on pasture are at higher risk of infection. Finally, in all collection periods a considerable amount of third stage larvae was observed on the herbage top, which is the first plant part consumed by sheep. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Antimicrobial activity of Calendula officinalis, Camellia sinensis and chlorhexidine against the adherence of microorganisms to sutures after extraction of unerupted third molars

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the antimicrobial effect of mouthwashes containing Calendula officinalis L., Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze and 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate on the adherence of microorganisms to suture materials after extraction of unerupted third molars. Material and Methods: Eighteen patients with unerupted maxillary third molars indicated for extraction were selected (n=6 per mouthwash). First, the patients were subjected to extraction of the left tooth and instructed not to use any type of antiseptic solution at the site of surgery (control group). After 15 days, the right tooth was extracted and the patients were instructed to use the Calendula officinalis, Camellia sinensis or chlorhexidine mouthwash during 1 week (experimental group). For each surgery, the sutures were removed on postoperative day 7 and placed in sterile phosphate-buffered saline. Next, serial dilutions were prepared and seeded onto different culture media for the growth of the following microorganisms: blood agar for total microorganism growth; Mitis Salivarius bacitracin sucrose agar for mutans group streptococci; mannitol agar for Staphylococcus spp.; MacConkey agar for enterobacteria and Pseudomonas spp., and Sabouraud dextrose agar containing chloramphenicol for Candida spp. The plates were incubated during 24-48 h at 37 degrees C for microorganism count (CFU/nnL). Results: The three mouthwashes tested reduced the number of microorganisms adhered to the sutures compared to the control group. However, significant differences between the control and experimental groups were only observed for the mouthwash containing 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate. Conclusions: Calendula officinalis L. and Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze presented antimicrobial activity against the adherence of microorganisms to sutures but were not as efficient as chlorhexidine digluconate.

The origin of the first and third generation fermion massesin a technicolor scenario

We argue that the masses of the first and third fermionic generations, which are respectively of the order of a few MeV up to a hundred GeV, originate from a dynamical symmetry breaking mechanism leading to masses of the order alphamu, where alpha is a small coupling constant, and mu, in the case of the first fermionic generation, is the scale of the dynamical quark mass (approximate to250 MeV). For the third fermion generation mu is the value of the dynamical techniquark mass (approximate to250 GeV). We discuss how this possibility can be implemented in a technicolor scenario, and how the mass of the intermediate generation is generated.

Search for third-generation scalar leptoquarks in p(p)over-bar collisions at root s=1.96 TeV

We report on a search for charge-1/3 third-generation leptoquarks (LQ) produced in p (p) over bar collisions at root s =1.96 TeV using the D0 detector at Fermilab. Third-generation leptoquarks are assumed to be produced in pairs and to decay to a tau neutrino and a b quark with branching fraction B. We place upper limits on sigma(p (p) over bar -> LQ (LQ) over bar )B-2 as a function of the leptoquark mass M-LQ. Assuming B=1, we exclude at the 95% confidence level third-generation scalar leptoquarks with M-LQ < 229 GeV.

Search for scalar bottom quarks and third-generation leptoquarks in p(p)over-bar collisions at root s=1.96 TeV

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Microalterations in the third eyelid gland of dogs with keratoconjunctivits sicca secondary to distemper

Analisaram-se, à microscopia óptica, 28 glândulas da terceira pálpebra de cães, que morreram com cinomose. O diagnóstico de ceratoconjuntivite seca baseou-se nas alterações da superfície ocular e no teste da lágrima de Schirmer. À histologia, visibilizaram-se atrofia tubuloacina, espessamento do tecido conjuntivo e exudação inflamatória de leve a intensa com presença de plasmócitos, de histiócitos e por hipertrofia compensatória de algumas glândulas. O lume das glândulas encontrava-se hipertrofiado contendo células epiteliais descamadas, polimorfonucleares e hemácias, além de muco.

Results of the research cruises of FRV' Walther Herwig' to South America. LXXIV. Benthobatis kreffti n. sp (Chondrichthyes, Torpediniformes, Narcinidae), a new deep-water electric ray from off South Brazil and the third species of the genus.

Benthobatis kreffti n. sp. is described as the third species of this genus of blind deep-water electric rays, based on 150 specimens taken from the continental slope off South Brazil. The new species is the smallest within the genus (TL less than 300 mm) and is compared with both congeners, B. marcida from the north-western Atlantic and B. moresbyi from the northern Indian Ocean. B. kreffti is characterised beyond its small size mainly by plain dark colouration dorsally and a white underside, with dark margins of disc and pelvics, as well as by totally degenerated eyes almost no longer visible externally. The new species is diagnosed further by very low tooth counts of 9 to 13 rows and lack of folds, keels or ridges on sides of tail.

Prevalence of different types of accessory canals in the furcation area of third molars

Background: Although there are several studies that show the prevalence and diameter of accessory root canals in the furcation area, there is a scarceness of studies that observe the trajectory and different types of cavo-interradicular canals. The aim of this study was to verify the prevalence of the different morphologic types of accessory canals in the furcation region in an attempt to show their trajectories.Methods: Forty submerged mandibular third molars were used, which were extracted and decalcified so that the microtomy procedure in the mesio-distal axial plane could be performed, obtaining semiserial sections with thicknesses of 5 mu m. The sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and observed under optical microscopy.Results: All of the morphologic types were found, whereas the proper accessory canals, type-A canals, were present in 10% of the specimens. The most prevalent canals were the sealed ones (type D), with a prevalence of 87.5%, followed by the blind ones (type B), with a prevalence of 75%. The loop accessory canals (type C), observed in only 5% of the teeth, were the least prevalent ones.Conclusions: Different morphologic types of accessory canals were found in the furcation area of submerged mandibular molars. The histologic method was effective to show the canal trajectories.

Effect of intracerebroventricular injection of ramipril on the drinking response caused by injection of noradrenaline into the third ventricle

We studied the effect of ramipril injected into the third ventricle (3rdV) on the control of water intake induced by injection of noradrenaline into the 3rdV of adult male Holtzman rats (250-300 g) implanted with a chronic stainless steel cannula into the 3rdV. The injection volume was always 1 mu l and was injected over a period of 30-60 sec. Control animals were injected with 0.15 M NaCl. After the injection of isotonic saline (control, 0.15 M NaCl) into the 3rdV, water ingestion was 0.3 +/- 0.1 ml/h. Ramipril (1 mu g/mu l) injected into the 3rdV prior to isotonic saline produced no changes in water ingestion (0.4 +/- 0.2 ml/h). The injection of noradrenaline (40 nmol/mu l) after isotonic saline induced an increase in water intake (3.0 +/- 1.1 ml/h). The prior injection of ramipril decreased this ingestion to 1.8 +/- 0.3 ml/h. These data show that the inhibition of converting enzyme in the brain reduces the water intake induced by catecholaminergic stimulation. We conclude that the brain is able to transform the prodrug ramipril into the active drug ramiprilat.

4f-4f intensities of the Tm3+ ions in fluoroindate glasses: the influence of third-order effects through odd intensity parameters

In this work an analysis of the phenomenological Omega(lambda) intensity parameters for the Tm3+ ion in fluoroindate glass is made using the standard Judd-Ofelt theory, and a modified oscillator strength taking into account odd-order contributions is utilized. Different sets of phenomenological intensity parameters Omega(lambda) (lambda=1,2,3,4,5,6) are discussed. The set of better quality is used to analyze the influence of third-order effects through odd intensity parameters in the new approximation. Fluoroindate glasses of compositions (40-x)InF3-20ZnF(2)-20SrF(2)-16BaF(2)-2GdF(3)-2NaF-xTmF(3) with x=1, 2 and 3 mol% were prepared, and the absorption spectra at room temperature in the spectral range from 300 to 2500 nm were obtained. The experimental oscillator strengths determined from the area under the absorption band are compared to the calculated ones. (C) 1998 Elsevier B.V. S.A.

Nonresonant third-order nonlinearity of antimony glasses at telecom wavelengths

We report measurements of the nonresonant nonlinear refractive index n(2) in antimony glasses at telecom wavelengths. The measurements were performed using the Z-scan technique with a 130 fs pulsed laser operating at five wavelengths in the range of 1400-1600 nm. Values of n(2)approximate to 10(-15) cm(2)/W were measured and a negligible two-photon absorption coefficient (< 0.003 cm/GW) was estimated for all glasses compositions. The samples present a good figure of merit for ultrafast all-optical switching. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics.

Third body perturbation using a single averaged model considering elliptic orbits for the disturbing body

In the present work, we expanded the study done by Solorzanol(1) including the eccentricity of the perturbing body. The assumptions used to develop the single-averaged analytical model are the same ones of the restricted elliptic three-body problem. The disturbing function was expanded in Legendre polynomials up to fourth-order. After that, the equations of motion are obtained from the planetary equations and we performed a set of numerical simulations. Different initial eccentricities for the perturbing and perturbed body are considered. The results obtained perform an analysis of the stability of a near-circular orbits and investigate under which conditions this orbit remain near-circular.