24 resultados para TEORÍAS CIENTÍFICAS


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Marchetto Patrícia BorbaNa sociedade contemporânea, além da esfera pública de poder, possuímos uma esfera privada de poder, na qual se encontra grandes empresas multinacionais. Esses novos “detentores do Poder” são particulares, grupos ou pessoas, que se tornaram de certa forma desproporcionais socialmente em relação ao restante da sociedade. Neste patamar se encontram as grandes indústrias farmacêuticas, as quais além de possuírem uma função de suma importância para a sociedade mundial concentram grande poder econômico, social e até mesmo político. Desta forma, observa-se a existência de uma responsabilidade social das indústrias farmacêuticas vinculada com a necessidade de respeitar certas diretrizes incluídas na temática da bioética, já que trabalham com a ciência estritamente relacionada com a saúde e a vida da pessoa humana, e dos Direitos Humanos em geral. No entanto, tais indústrias por vezes acabam praticando ações que desrespeitam tais preceitos, como a realização de pesquisas científicas com seres humanos sem respeito as normas que tutelam a matéria e gerando verdadeira lesão aos Direitos Humanos, causando um verdadeiro terror científico. Esta relação tirana de poder que as grandes indústrias farmacêuticas impõe perante a sociedade deve ser tutelada pelo Direito Penal, sobretudo, para além dos limites dos Estados em que ocorrem as condutas, buscando uma tutela penal internacional. Desta forma, o presente trabalho pretende demonstrar a importância da existência de uma tutela internacional, com a possível utilização do Tribunal Penal Internacional e o enquadramento de tais condutas como crimes contra a Humanidade.

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The questions arise about the teaching and practice of the methodology of communication research. The aim is to reflect on the possibility of building research projects and develop research and scientific production in the area of social communication at the graduate level, articulating the epistemological interfaces, methodical, theoretical and methodological techniques for design of empirical research in communication, developed by Lopes (2010), adapting it to the Spiral model of knowledge creation, developed by Takeuchi and Nonaka (2008), to support the learning of the methodological procedures that involve scientific research in communication.

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With respect to design, scientific production in the area helps consolidate it as a scientific field can contribute to the development of society through the promotion of the construction of critical knowledge of researchers. Scientific conferences and journals, periodicals and books consist of some of the effective actions for the exchange of knowledge. Through these channels the results of research are disseminated, shared and put into discussion, collaborating with the learning process and cooperation among sectors. Thus, this paper reflects on the evolution of scientific research in the area and attempts to give an overview of current research of Design in Brazil and its correlation with the Graduate Program in Design.

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The primary objective of this study was to verify the existence of internal organization and processes influencing the decisions on adoption, choice, justification and implementation of innovative practices of scientific and technical activities undertaken in the elaborates of sugar, ethanol and energy companies of the midwest of the state of Sao Paulo. Using multivariate analysis of principal components and clusters, the variables were analyzed and the companies, classified. The taxonomy model adapted to contemporary situations described by Freeman (1975), was the 'parameter used with research information in personal interviews by semi-structured questionnaires. The investigated activities constituted of: basic research; applied research; experimental development; scientific and technical information; long-term planning. The variables analyzed were: production processes, operating systems, development of new products, projects and implementation of pilot plant for new products, development, knowledge, studies of other business segments, number of innovations, and the number of existing employees in the organizational structure for these purposes. It was concluded that the best companies with innovative attitudes are those that have incorporated into their organizational the structures, practices and techniques of scientific activities.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)