Embryology and seed development of Syngonanthus caulescens (Poir.) Ruhland (Eriocaulaceae-Poales)

The embryology and the seed development of Syngonanthus caulescens are presented. This species possesses: a bithecous and tetrasporangiate anther, with a four-layered wall, a conspicuous endothecium of the baseplate type, a secretory tapetum formed by uninucleate cells, successive microsporogenesis resulting in isobilateral microspore tetrads, spiraperturate and binucleate pollen grains, an orthotropous, pendulous, bitegmic and terminucellate ovule, with a micropyle formed only by the inner integument, a megagametophyte of the Polygonum type, with formation of an antipodal cyst, free-nuclear and starchy endosperm, a broad and bell-shaped embryo, operculate and endotestal seeds, a seed coat derived from the inner layers of both integuments, and tanniniferous endotegmen. These embryological aspects are characteristic not only for Syngonanthus, but for the whole family, with few differences between genera. Furthermore, the pollen grain of the spiraperturate type and the cystic arrangement of the antipodals in the megagametophyte are peculiar and very distinctive features of Eriocaulaceae within the other Poales (commelinids). (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Gastroprotective effect of the ethanolic extract and fractions obtained from syngonanthus bisulcatus Rul

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Evaluation of Syngonanthus nitens (Bong.) Ruhl. extract as antifungal and in treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vitro anticandidal activity of a methanolic extract of Syngonanthus nitens scapes against different Candida species and clinical isolates from patients with vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), and its effect in vivo in the treatment of vaginal infection. Chemical characterization of the extract was performed by HPLC-UV analyses and showed the presence of flavones derivatives. The extract was effective against several Candida strains from our collection and species recovered from VVC patients, and was able to inhibit the yeast-hyphal transition. No cytotoxic activity against human female reproductive tract epithelial cells and no hemolytic activity against human red blood cells were observed. In the in vivo model of VVC, we evaluated the efficacy of the intravaginal treatment with a cream containing the extract at doses of 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0%. The treatment eradicated the vaginal fungal burden in infected rats after 8 days of treatment. S. nitens extract could be considered as an effective and non-toxic natural antifungal agent in the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis. © 2013 ISHAM.

Morfoanatomia dos capítulos e biologia da polinização de Syngonanthus elegans (Bong.) Ruhland (Eriocaulaceae - Poales)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Estudo químico e atividades mutagênica e antiulcerogênica de Syngonanthus nitens (Bong.) Ruhland

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Caracterização do pontencial biológico de Leiothrix spiralis Ruhland E Syngonanthus nitens (Bong.) Ruhland (Eriocaulaceae)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Estudo químico e avaliação da atividade antioxidante e antimicrobiana dos escapos de Syngonanthus nitens (bong.) Ruhland. (Eriocaulaceae)

Neste trabalho é apresentado o estudo químico dos escapos de Syngonanthus nitens (Bong.) Ruhland, pertencente à família Eriocaulaceae. O extrato metanólico foi preparado por percolação, concentrado e fracionado em coluna de permeação em gel. As frações obtidas foram analisadas por CCDC e purificadas por HSCCC, HPLC-RI e HPLC-PDA. As estruturas foram determinadas usando ultravioleta, técnicas mono e bidimensionais de RMN e espectrometria de massas com fonte electrospray e analisador íon trap (modo de inserção direta). O perfil cromatográfico de HPLC-PDA mostrou que as flavonas derivadas da luteolina são os seus principais constituintes químicos. Foram isoladas as substâncias: 7-metoxiluteolina-8-C-β-D-glicopiranosídeo (SN1), 7-metoxiluteolina-6-C-β-D-glicopiranosídeo (SN2), 3',7-dimetoxiluteolina-6-C-β-D-glicopiranosídeo (SN3), luteolina (SN4), 6-hidroxiluteolina (SN5), luteolina-6-C--D-glicopiranosídeo (Sn6), 6-hidroxiluteolina-7-O--D-galactopiranosideo (Sn7) e 7-metoxiluteolina-6-C- β-D-glicopiranosideo-(3'-O-3''')-7ʹ-metoxiluteolina-8'-C-β-D-glicopiranosídeo (Sn8). Foram avaliadas as atividades antioxidantes do extrato metanólico dos escapos de S. nitens e do biflavonóide identificado, os quais apresentaram atividade significativa quando comparada com os padrões do ácido gálico, rutina e quercetina . A atividade antimicrobiana do extrato metanólico dos escapos e das substâncias identificadas derivadas da luteolina foram também avaliadas. O extrato metanólico dos escapos apresentou melhor atividade antimicrobiana, quando comparada com os demais flavonoides isolados e identificados do mesmo extrato. Finalmente, foi avaliada a atividade antiulcerogênica do extrato metanolico dos escapos, utilizando-se o modelo de lesão ulcerativa induzida por etanol absoluto

Syngonanthus nitens (Bong.) Ruhland: caracterização biológica e prospecção terapêutica do extrato metanólico incorporado ou não em sistema nanoestruturado para aplicação no tratamento da candidíase vulvovaginal

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Ulcer healing and mechanism(s) of action involved in the gastroprotective activity of fractions obtained from Syngonanthus arthrotrichus and Syngonanthus bisulcatus

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Anatomia de espécies brasileiras de Eriocaulaceae: Comanthera e Syngonanthus

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Quantitative distribution of gibberellins and indole-acetic acid in pea (Pisum sativum L.) seedlings

The objective was to determine the distribution in pea seedling of GA (by thin layer chromatography) and IAA (by HPLC). Three samples of 30 7/day-old seedlings were sectioned into: apical meristem + plumular hook; stem elongation zone; stem non-elongation zone; cotyledons; root non-elongation zone; root tip. The material was frozen in liquid N and stored at -80 degrees C. The stem elongation zone, the apical meristem+plumular hook and the root tip had low IAA, whereas the stem non-elongation zone and root non-elongation zone had high IAA content. The stem elongation zone and apical meristem plumular hook had high GA, while root non-elongation zone had the lowest GA content.

Morphological architecture of Actinocephalus (Koern.) sano (Eriocaulaceae-Poales)

Actinocephalus exhibits perhaps more diversity in habit than any other genus of Eriocaulaceae. This variation is largely a result of differences in the arrangement of the paraclades. Based on the analysis of stem architecture of all 25 species of Actinocephalus, the following patterns were established: (1) leaf rosette, with no elongated axis, instead the axillary paraclades originating directly from the short aerial stem, (2) rosette axis continuing into an elongated axis with spirally arranged paraclades, (3) an elongated axis originating from a rhizome, with ramified paraclades, and (4) an elongated axis originating from a short aerial stem, with paraclades arranged in a subwhorl. The elongated axis exhibits indeterminate growth only in pattern 4. Patterns 3 and 4 are found exclusively in Actinocephalus; pattern I occurs in many other genera of Eriocaulaceae, while pattern 2 is also found in Syngonanthus and Paepalanthus. Anatomically, each stem structure (i.e., paraclade, elongated axis, short aerial stem, rhizome) is thickened in a distinctive way and this can be used to distinguish them. Specifically, elongated axes and paraclades lack thickening, thickening of short aerial stems results from the primary thickening meristem and/or the secondary thickening meristem. Thickening of rhizomes results from the activity of the primary thickening meristem. (c) 2008 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

Handicrafts from Jalapao (TO), Brazil, and their relationship to plant anatomy

EICHEMBERG, M. T. and V. L. SCATENA (Universidade Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Botanica, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil). J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 138:34-40. 2011.-Handicrafts from Jalapao (TO), Brazil, and their Relationship to Plant Anatomy. In the state of Tocantins, midwestern Brazil, communities from the region of Jalapao use scapes of "capim dourado" (golden grass - Syngonanthus nitens- Eriocaulaceae) and leaves of "buriti" (Mauritia flexuosa - Arecaceae) to make handicrafts (baskets and ornaments). The predominant biome of this area is cerrado (savanna), with a notable presence of buriti in the "veredas" (swampy forest-like vegetation), and of golden grass, which is one of the most common plants in humid grasslands. These traditional handicrafts represent a significant source of income for local communities. The whole scapes of Syngonanthus nitens are used due to their golden color, which is a reflection of such internal structures as thick walled cells and lignin in the epidermis and cortex. The strips called "seda" (silk) used to sew the scapes in the making of handicrafts come from young leaves of Mauritia,flexuosa. They are constituted by the adaxial epidermis and bundles of subepidermic fibers, both showing thick-walled cells. Since the cells of the bundles of sclerenchymatic fibers from the abaxial surface of buriti leaves present stegmata containing silica bodies, their mechanical properties are less adapted to the production of "silk", justifying the use of the leaf adaxial surface. Anatomical characteristics such as the thickening and composition of the cell walls of both species together with sociocultural factors, allow a better knowledge of the use of plant structures in the making of handicrafts.

High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Quantification of Flavonoids in Eriocaulaceae Species and Their Antimicrobial Activity

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Anatomia de algumas espécies aquáticas de Eriocaulaceae brasileiras

Estudou-se a anatomia de raízes, caules, folhas e escapos de Eriocaulon elichrysoides, Leiothrix fluitans, Paepalanthus obtusifolius, Philodice hoffmannseggii, Syngonanthus caulescens e Tonina fluviatilis,espécies aquáticas de Eriocaulaceae que ocorrem em diferentes ecossistemas brasileiros, visando a caracterização anatômica das mesmas e também a interpretação das adaptações ao ambiente. Essas plantas caracterizam-se por apresentarem raízes com aspecto esponjoso e esbranquiçado; acúmulo de ar no córtex; epiderme unisseriada, de paredes finas; córtex externo, mediano e interno; endoderme unisseriada e periciclo unisseriado ou multisseriado. em L. fluitans, P. obtusifolius e T. fluviatilis foram observadas raízes absorventes com aerênquima e raízes fixadoras sem aerênquima. Caules aéreos ou rizomatosos, com ou sem espessamentos causados pelo periciclo. Folhas e escapos com células epidérmicas de paredes finas, estômatos somente na face abaxial, parênquima clorofiliano frouxo, tecido de sustentação pouco desenvolvido e feixes vasculares colaterais. Essas estruturas anatômicas são típicas de plantas de ambientes úmidos ou aquáticos, e ocorrem de forma convergente em diferentes gêneros de Eriocaulaceae.