Pesquisas em animais: uma reflexão bioética

Animal models are an important tool in scientific research. It is known that this practice must be based on bioethical principles in order to impose limits about pain and suffering, or for inspecting proceedings and research site. This study has as aim to evaluate and present current legislation ruling animal research in Brazil, comparing it with other countries, as well as fostering bioethical reflection about this issue. For this, we present current Brazilian legislation and we have carried out international literature review and discussion. The articles were searched in PubMed data base, using the key words "bioethics" and "animal welfare". Nineteen articles from 1997 to 2013 were included. It was concluded the evident contribution of animal research for scientific research in several fields. It is morally relevant for humans, as rational beings, to secure humane treatment to animals contributing to research. The safest way to follow this path is establishing clear norms and studies well designed, involving society for assigning ethical norms. Thus, animal welfare would be guarantee.

The symbology of the sea in Lygia Bojunga Nunes's work: a reflection on utopian and dystopian framing

The ambivalent image of the sea is recurrent in Bojunga Nunes’s work. It receives a lot of symbolic meanings in her production, being sometimes a positive and sometimes a negative element. Thus, the sea is used in a utopic way, as a place for pleasure and leisure, and in a dystopic way, as scenery of a rite of passage, which includes the pain and suffering, part of the rite of passage that characterizes the bildungsromans. So, if in some texts the sea assumes a utopic character, being a place of snuggle, security, the ideal to reach, in others it is represented as dystopic, a place of distress, asphyxia and death. In this text we will study the hypothesis that, even in its dark symbolic meaning, in the author’s work the sea is an element of reflection and revelation. Thereby, it assumes metaphorically a sense of magnification of the reader’s expectative, being an element of emancipation. The objective of this text is to present a reflection on the sea’s symbolism on the mentioned texts and its importance for the reader’s formation.

A psicopatologização da infância no contemporâneo: um estudo sobre a expansão do diagnóstico de transtorno de déficit de atenção e hiperatividade

The expansion of psychiatric labeling does not reach only the adult population, but also the problematic related to childhood have been captured by the speeches and practices of the medical-psychiatric knowledge and turned into psychopathologies which tend to be treated with the main resource made available by psychiatrics in the present times: the psychotropic drugs. This work presents a critical thinking on the expansion of the diagnoses of “attention deficit disorder and hyperactivity” (ADHD) both in children and teenagers and on the conduction of drug therapies. It follows that the processes of childhood psycho-pathologization and the trivializing of psychotropic drug prescription are related to the overvaluation of the biological conception of psychic suffering and to the economic interests of the great pharmaceutical laboratories which by means of several strategies influence the medical practices, factors that lead to exposure of these patients to possible side effects and the risks of stigmatization that must be considered.

Brinquedoteca móvel: o brincar interativo na hospitalização infantil

The hospitalization process can cause significant changes in the children’s everyday life because, besides the suffering caused by the disease, there are the invasive processes which bring them sorrow. Thus, aiming to make this state of sorrow lower and to contribute for the treatment process we developed in a hospital the Mobile Toy Library project which develops interactive activities through playing, trying to make the staying of these kids at the hospital easier. The team is formed by Psychology professors and students, who daily visit the children with a trolley full of toys in order to interact and play with them. We wait on 500 patients a year. We concluded the Mobile Toy Library provides ways for kids to elaborate their psychological conflicts, lowering their sorrow as well as their negative feelings of staying in hospital, and this helps them deal with the disease, family and medical team all together.

A Psicologia e a judicialização dos casos de violência sexual

The violence is a phenomenon to be faced by several public actions and requires a formal notification system that preserves the victim of suffering from public exposure. This article discusses, in the specificity of Psychology action at the Court of the State of Sao Paulo, the importance of public policy in confronting sexual violence and the assistance of the victims. The main objective of this article is to provide a review of the relationship between the Judiciary and the Public Policy, focusing on networking and the unnecessary judicialization of actions that should be developed in another environment. The way the fact is treated in the family and the society will determine the victims' reactions and their readiness to talk about it, both in the police investigation, as in the judicial lawsuit, or yet, in specific assistance programs.

A relativa legitimidade da depressão na atualidade: contribuições para uma ética psicanalítica do sujeito

This article is based on the author's clinical practice in the area of public health, and discusses depression as it is known today. Essentially, the author questions the practice of labeling depression as a psychopathological condition. The author also questions today’s trend of seeing a subject’s suffering as a "malaise," or a “disorder.” The possibility is brought up of understanding it as a "demand for analysis." Finally, the article is meant as a contribution to the ethics of psychoanalysis focused on the subject and the possibilities of psychoanalysis in subjectivating this "malaise."

A banalização da prescrição de psicofármacos em um ambulatório de saúde mental

The development of modern psychiatric medications coupled with the wide range currently gained by preventive emphasis in mental health changed the practices of psychiatry, which is no longer focused on treating insanity but is also dedicated to treat any psychiatric suffering through the prescription of psychopharmacos. This study discusses the current process in which medication has been generalized, and presents the results of an exploratory study aimed to examine the patients' medical files, the trajectory of users since they enter the service to the prescription of psychiatric medication in the scope of a Mental Health Outpatient Clinic, in a town in the west of the São Paulo state, Brazil. Results revealed that most (65%) users already arrive at the service with previous prescription of psychiatric medications, and nearly all (99%) of them receive prescriptions of psychiatric medication once forwarded to psychiatric consultations.

Los predictores psiconeuroinmunológicos de la sobrecarga de cuidado en ancianos cuidadores de pacientes con enfermedad de Alzheimer

Introduction: The responsibility of giving care to patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) may result in health changes in the older caregiver. It is important to explore the factors which influence the presence of care burden and to create strategies to face this condition. In this context, the aims of present study were to investigate the relationships between psychoneuroimmunological parameters and determine the predictors to burden in older caregivers of patients with AD. Material and methods: A total of 30 AD older caregivers participating in the «Cognitive and Functional Kinesiotherapy Program in Elderly with Alzheimer’s disease«(PRO-CDA)», de Rio Claro, SP-Brazil, were submitted to an assessment protocol to evaluate the psychoneuroimmunological parameters. A descriptive statistical analysis, Pearson correlation and multiple linear regressions were performed.

O sofrimento psíquico contemporâneo no imaginário coletivo de estudantes de psicologia

Profound socio‑cultural transformations that the world has undergone have been followed by new subjective configurations and manifestations of psychic suffering, whose impact and resonance in the psychology clinic, demand especial understanding and management. The aim of this study was to investigate the collective imaginary of Psychology students about contemporary psychic suffering. In the light of the psychoanalytic method, this research utilized the procedure of drawings‑stories with theme in group interview. The set of productions of the drawings‑stories, based on the psychoanalytic narratives written after each group interview, was interpretatively analyzed and allowed the apprehension of the following fields of affective‑emotional meaning: "Loneliness", “Essays on suffering", "Agony of non‑being", "Human contact with suffering", "Avoidance: the great defense", "Non lived lives", "Human despair" and "Multifacetated suffering". The set of analyses allowed the understanding of a collective imaginary in which suffering, that occurs nowadays, consists mainly of feelings of loneliness, for‑ saking, uselessness, spuriousness and existential void.

Enfermagem cuidando de paciente adulto e família no processo de morte em sala de emergência

The purpose of the study was to understand the experience of nursing professionals on the care provided to adult patients and relatives who experience the dying process in an emergency room. Statements of 12 nursing professionals, being 8 technicians and 4 registered nurses of the emergency room of a high-complexity university hospital were analyzed. Data was collected by means of semi-structured interviews and evaluated according to Bardin’s content analysis. As a result, the theme entitled the relative’s mourning process emerged with two categories: alterity as an opening and suffering as a limit. when subjectivity, which was revealed under the principle of alterity, permeated the subjects’ actions, the nursing practices were targeted at the patients and their relative’s needs, but suffering as a limit imposed distancing by the professionals during care provision, even when it was perceived as necessary.