Memórias de uma Escola Isolada Rural: estudo de um Livro de Visitas (1928-1948)

Cet article étudie le livre de visites de l'ancienne école mixte de la Fazenda Ponte Alta/Bela Vista, liée au groupe scolaire de la ville de Bariri, dans l'état de São Paulo (SP). À partir des registres de vingt ans d'activités (1928-1948), nous retraçons les exigences des inspecteurs primaires et si ces exigences provenaient (ou non) de professeurs et de la communauté paysanne pour ébaucher un cadre socio-historique de l'enseignement des premières lettres dans la zone rurale de l'intérieur de l'état de São Paulo. Il en résulte que le discours qui défendait l'égalité de chances pour les populations urbaines et rurales négligeait généralement le besoin de promouvoir l'égalité de conditions pour que la communauté rurale puisse profiter des chances qui lui étaient promises.

Medicinal plants popularly used in the Brazilian Tropical Atlantic Forest

A survey of medicinal plants used by rural and urban inhabitants of the three cities of the Tropical Atlantic Forest, Region of Vale do Ribeira, State of São Paulo, Brazil was performed by means of 200 interviews with medicinal plant users and extractors and, traditional healers. One hundred fourteen herbal remedies were recorded and the following information reported: Latin, vernacular and English names, plant part used, forms of preparation and application of the herbal remedies, medicinal or food uses, areas of plant collection, economic importance (when available) and other data. (C) 2002 Elsevier B.V. B.V. All rights reserved.

Dynamics of experimental populations of native and introduced blowflies (Diptera: Calliphoridae): mathematical modelling and the transition from asymptotic equilibrium to bounded oscillations

The equilibrium dynamics of native and introduced blowflies is modelled using a density-dependent model of population growth that takes into account important features of the life-history in these flies. A theoretical analysis indicates that the product of maximum fecundity and survival is the primary determinant of the dynamics. Cochliomyia macellaria, a blowfly native to the Americas and the introduced Chrysomya megacephala and Chrysomya putoria, differ in their dynamics in that the first species shows a damping oscillatory behavior leading to a one-point equilibrium, whereas in the last two species population numbers show a two-point limit cycle. Simulations showed that variation in fecundity has a marked effect on the dynamics and indicates the possibility of transitions from one-point equilibrium to bounded oscillations and aperiodic behavior. Variation in survival has much less influence on the dynamics.

Avaliação da incidência da deficiência de Glicose-6-Fosfato Desidrogenase (G6PD) e perfil hematológico em indivíduos de uma região de Rondônia

O estudo compreendeu a avaliação da deficiência de Glicose-6-Fosfato Desidrogenase (G6PD) e perfil hematológico em 122 indivíduos (69 homens e 53 mulheres), com idade variando entre 3 a 84 anos, selecionados conforme a aceitação em participação no estudo, residentes na área urbana e rural do município de Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brasil, no período de julho de 2003 a agosto de 2004. A análise foi realizada utilizando-se o método da glicose NaNO2, e hemograma completo. Foram detectados quatro indivíduos do sexo masculino com deficiência da G6PD, sendo 5,8% entre os homens e 3,3% do total analisado. Dos indivíduos com deficiência da G6PD nenhum apresentava malária, através de diagnóstico realizado pela gota espessa corado pelo Giemsa. Entre os homens, 19 (27,5%) apresentaram malária, sendo 15 por Plasmodium vivax e quatro por Plasmodium falciparum; 48 (69,5%) apresentaram valores de hemoglobina abaixo de 14,0 g/dl, e 26 (37,6%) apresentaram valores eritrocitários abaixo do 4,5 milhões/mm³. Entre as mulheres apenas duas (3,7%) apresentaram malária por Plasmodium vivax; 24 (45,2%) apresentaram valores de hemoglobina abaixo de 12,0 g/dl, e 12 (22,6%) apresentaram massa eritrocitária abaixo de 4,0 milhões/mm³. A eosinofilia esteve presente em 47 (68,1%) dos homens e em 34 (64,1%) das mulheres. A incidência de deficiência da G6PD foi significativa na população masculina que procurou assistência médica devido a sintomas febris. Considerando que a primaquina é utilizada para o tratamento da malária vivax e falciparum, o risco de ocorrência de hemólise intravascular grave entre os indivíduos é significante. O teste utilizado é muito simples e de baixo custo e sugerimos a adoção desta metodologia na rotina dos laboratórios de atendimento público em áreas endêmicas de malária.

Evaluating and classifying contaminated areas based on loss functions using annealing simulations

This paper presents a methodology based on geostatistical theory for quantifying the risks associated with heavy-metal contamination in the harbor area of Santana, Amapa State, Northern Brazil. In this area there were activities related to the commercialization of manganese ore from Serra do Navio. Manganese and arsenic concentrations at unsampled sites were estimated by postprocessing results from stochastic annealing simulations; the simulations were used to test different criteria for optimization, including average, median, and quantiles. For classifying areas as contaminated or uncontaminated, estimated quantiles based on functions of asymmetric loss showed better results than did estimates based on symmetric loss, such as the average or the median. The use of specific loss functions in the decision-making process can reduce the costs of remediation and health maintenance. The highest global health costs were observed for manganese. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Flow rate and hydrochemistry in areas of sand mining activities

This investigation reports the results of a study realized in areas related to the development of sand mining activities, which belong to CRS-Mineragao Industria e Comercio Ltd. and Sibelco Mineracao Ltd. Both areas are located around Analandia municipality, nearly in the center of São Paulo State, Brazil. Flow rate and hydrochemical analyses were realized over different periods of time, with the aim of evaluating the possibility of release of several constituents to the liquid phase, which may be a source of pollution of the surface hydrological resources. This is because some tributaries from the Corumbatai River may be suffering contamination, implying on the impoverishment of the water quality that is a very important resource in the region, as it is extensively used for drinking purposes, among others.

Representações sobre meio ambiente de alunos da quarta série do Ensino Fundamental

Investigam-se as representações sociais sobre meio ambiente de 42 alunos de quartas séries do Ensino Fundamental em duas escolas públicas das zonas rural e urbana de um município do interior paulista. Os dados foram coletados mediante análise de documentos e pesquisa de campo, utilizando-se técnicas características da pesquisa qualitativa. Os resultados revelaram que, possivelmente, as origens daquelas representações - categorizadas como naturalistas e antropocêntricas estejam associadas, principalmente, às influências da mídia, família e religião. Acredita-se que os resultados possam contribuir para que os educadores considerem os saberes acumulados por seus alunos pela vivência de diferentes experiências e desenvolvam ações educativas ambientalmente comprometidas com a formação de indivíduos responsáveis pela criação e manutenção de melhores condições de vida, num contexto em que a prática pedagógica seja criativa, democrática e fundamentada no diálogo entre gerações e culturas, procurando estimular a ética nas relações entre os homens e entre estes e o meio ambiente.

Spatial and temporal distribution of fishing resources exploited by the Manaus fishing fleet, Amazonas, Brazil

Recursos pesqueiros são importantes fontes de renda e alimento para as populações rurais e urbanas na Amazônia. O presente trabalho avalia a pesca e as variáveis ambientais que determinam a produção de pescarias que desembarcam em Manaus, e avalia também a abundância relativa de recursos pesqueiros em diferentes subsistemas na Amazônia Central. A informação coletada no porto de desembarque de pescado de Manaus foi utilizada para testar um novo índice de captura obtido a partir de um modelo de covariância que apresentou as seguintes variáveis significativas: número de pescadores/dia (dias de pesca vezes número de pescadores por viagem); distância do pesqueiro até Manaus; quantidade de gelo que usou durante a viagem; e nível de rio. Não houve nenhuma diferença significativa entre valores médios de captura entre os subsistemas do Purus, Madeira e de Juruá. Estes resultados sugerem que os tributários da margem direita são similares e mais produtivos em termos comerciais. Concluiu-se que a produção corrente varia de acordo com a magnitude de esforço pesqueiro, por variações ambientais, assim como por aspectos operacionais da pesca, particularmente o consumo de gelo.

Dielectric loss and phase transition of sodium potassium niobate ceramic investigated by impedance spectroscopy

The dielectric permittivity of Na0.80K0.20NbO3 ceramic was investigated by impedance spectroscopy. The dielectric characterization was performed from room temperature to 800 degreesC, in the frequency range 5 Hz-13 MHz. The bulk permittivity was derived by the variation of the imaginary part of the impedance as a function of reciprocal angular frequency. The permittivity values as a function of temperature showed two maxima. The first maximum is very similar at 200degreesC and the second one positioned at around 400degreesC, which was associated to Curie's temperature. The evolution of the complex permittivity as a function of frequency and temperature was investigated. At low frequency dispersion was investigated in terms of dielectric loss. The Na0.80K0.20NbO3 showed a dissipation factor between 5 and 40 over a frequency range from 1 to 10(2) kHz. (C) 2002 Elsevier B.V. B.V. All rights reserved.

Synthesis and properties of branched polyethylene/high-density polyethylene blends using a homogeneous binary catalyst system composed of early and late transition metal complexes

Branched polyethylene/high-density polyethylene blends (BPE/HDPE) with a wide range of molecular weights, melt flow indexes (MFI), and intrinsic viscosity were prepared using the homogeneous binary catalyst system composed by Ni(alpha-diimine)Cl-2 (1) (alpha-diimine = 1,4-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-acenaphthenediimine) and {Tp(Ms*)} TiCl3 (2) (Tp(Ms*)=hydridobis(3-mesitylpyrazol-1-yl)(5-mesityl-pyrazol-1-yl)) activated with MAO and/or TIBA in hexane at two different polymerization temperatures (30 and 55 degreesC) and by varying the nickel loading molar fraction (x(Ni)). At all Temperatures, a non-linear correlation between the x(Ni) and the productivity was observed, suggesting the occurrence of a synergistic effect between the nickel and the titanium catalyst precursors, which is more pronounced at 55 degreesC. The molecular weight of the BPE/HDPE blends considerably decreases with increasing Al/M molar ratio. The melt flow indexes (MFI) and intrinsic viscosities (eta) are strongly affected by x(Ni), but the melting temperatures are nearly constant, 132 +/- 3 degreesC. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) shows the formation of different polymeric materials where the stiffness vanes according, to the x(Ni) and temperature used in the polymerization reaction. The surface morphology of the BPE/HDPE blends studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed a low miscibility between the PE phases resulting in the formation of a sandwich structure after etching with o-xylene.

Electrical conduction mechanism and phase transition studies using dielectric properties and Raman spectroscopy in ferroelectric Pb0.76Ca0.24TiO3 thin films

We have studied the phase transition behavior of Pb0.76Ca0.24TiO3 thin films using Raman scattering and dielectric measurement techniques. We also have studied the leakage current conduction mechanism as a function of temperature for these thin films on platinized silicon substrates. A Pb0.76Ca0.24TiO3 thin film was prepared using a soft chemical process, called the polymeric precursor method. The results showed that the dependence of the dielectric constant upon the frequency does not reveal any relaxor behavior. However, a diffuse character-type phase transition was observed upon transformation from a cubic paraelectric phase to a tetragonal ferroelectric phase. The temperature dependency of Raman scattering spectra was investigated through the ferroelectric phase transition. The soft mode showed a marked dependence on temperature and its disappearance at about 598 K. on the other hand, Raman modes persist above the tetragonal to cubic phase transition temperature, although all optical modes should be Raman inactive above the phase transition temperature. The origin of these modes must be interpreted in terms of a local breakdown of cubic symmetry by some kind of disorder. The lack of a well-defined transition temperature suggested a diffuse-type phase transition. This result corroborate the dielectric constant versus temperature data, which showed a broad ferroelectric phase transition in the thin film. The leakage current density of the PCT24 thin film was studied at elevated temperatures, and the data were well fitted by the Schottky emission model. The Schottky barrier height of the PCT24 thin film was estimated to be 1.49 eV. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics.

Aspectos fisico-geograficos da Regiao Administrativa de Aracatuba.

In this region there are exposures of sandstones, siltstones, and argillites of the Adamantina Formation, belonging to the Bauru Group. Using satellite and radar images, superposition of drainage maps, toposheets geologic and pedologic maps and field trips, it was possible to discern (three geomorphological domains; a) hilly and interfluvial plateau in the divisories areas of Tiete - Aguapei and Tiete - Sao Jose dos Dourados mainrivers; b) colluvial surfaces located around the interfluvial plateau; and c) fluvial terraces and floodplains. The indiscriminant use of the soils is accelerating the erosive process, increasing the sedimentation of the river beds, the size of the floodplains and prejudicing the water quality, used to supply the rural and urban population. -from English summary