Reprodutibilidade de um teste microbiológico para estreptococos do grupo mutans

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Versão em português do Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire: estudo da validade e reprodutibilidade

OBJETIVO: Verificar a validade e a reprodutibilidade de uma versão em português do Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire (CRQ) em pacientes com DPOC. MÉTODOS: A versão em português do CRQ (fornecida pela Universidade de McMaster, detentora dos direitos do questionário) foi aplicada a 50 pacientes portadores de DPOC (32 homens; 70 ± 8 anos; VEF1 = 47 ± 18% predito) em dois momentos, com intervalo de uma semana. O CRQ tem quatro domínios (dispneia, fadiga, função emocional e autocontrole) e foi aplicado em formato de entrevista. O Saint George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), já validado em português, foi utilizado como o critério de validação. A espirometria e o teste da caminhada de seis minutos (TC6) foram realizados para a análise das correlações com os valores do CRQ. RESULTADOS: Não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre a aplicação e a reaplicação do CRQ (p > 0.05 para todos os domínios). O coeficiente de correlação intraclasse entre a aplicação e a reaplicação foi de 0,98; 0,97; 0,98 e 0,95 para os domínios dispneia, fadiga, função emocional e autocontrole, respectivamente. O coeficiente alfa de Cronbach foi 0,91. Os domínios do CRQ se correlacionaram significativamente com os domínios do SGRQ (-0.30 < r < -0.67; p < 0,05). Não houve correlação entre as variáveis espirométricas e os domínios do CRQ e nem entre esses domínios e o TC6, exceto para o domínio fadiga (r = 0,30; p = 0,04). CONCLUSÕES: A versão em português do CRQ demonstrou ser reprodutível e válida em pacientes brasileiros portadores de DPOC.

Repercussões hemodinâmicas do posicionamento em litotomia exagerada para histerectomia vaginal em paciente cardiopata: relato de caso

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A técnica de histerectomia vaginal possibilita menor tempo operatório e o uso do bloqueio do neuro-eixo, com os benefícios de melhor analgesia pós-operatória e menor resposta sistêmica ao procedimento cirúrgico. O objetivo deste relato foi descrever as alterações hemodinâmicas decorrentes do posicionamento em litotomia exagerada em paciente cardiopata. RELATO do CASO: Paciente de 33 anos, G0P0A0, com história de sangramento uterino anormal e anemia. A ultra-sonografia evidenciava útero miomatoso com volume estimado de 420 cm³. Ela era portadora de trombofilia e miocardiopatia dilatada, com passado de dois acidentes vasculares encefálicos isquêmicos e dois infartos agudos do miocárdio. Foi monitorizada com pressão arterial invasiva e cateter de artéria pulmonar com medida de débito cardíaco contínuo. Realizada raquianestesia com bupivacaína hiperbárica e morfina. A paciente foi posicionada em litotomia exagerada sendo realizada histerectomia total pela técnica de Heaney e salpingectomia bilateral. Como intercorrência intra-operatória apresentou diminuição do índice cardíaco e aumento das pressões de câmaras direitas após o posicionamento, necessitando do uso de dobutamina. CONCLUSÕES: O posicionamento em litotomia exagerada pode ocasionar alterações hemodinâmicas que devem ser consideradas na escolha da técnica cirúrgica.

Determinação altimétrica através do sistema de posicionamento global

Este estudo tem por objetivo verificar a influência do tempo de coleta de dados com receptores GPS nas determinações altimétricas. O levantamento altimétrico é realizado através do método de posicionamento relativo estático, utilizando dois receptores GPS de uma freqüência, em diferentes tempos de ocupação (30, 15, 10 e 5 minutos) com uma taxa de gravação de dois segundos. As altitudes obtidas com receptores GPS são comparadas com as altitudes determinadas por nivelamento trigonométrico com Estação Total. Os resultados mostraram que os tempos de ocupação menores que 30 minutos (15, 10 e 5 minutos) também são adequados para a obtenção de diferenças centimétricas nas altitudes analisadas. Mesmo considerando a precisão dos métodos topográficos convencionais, este estudo demonstra a possibilidade da utilização do Sistema de Posicionamento Global (GPS) de forma precisa nos levantamentos altimétricos, desde que se efetue a modelagem da ondulação geoidal.

Posicionamento por ponto de alta precisão utilizando o GPS: Uma solução para a geodinâmica

Point positioning from GPS data can provide precision varying from 100 meters to a few millimeters at the level of 95% probability. To reach the best level of accuracy, users need proper equipment and software, as well as access capability to GPS products available at the International GPS Geodynamics Service. In this paper, the theory related to point positioning using GPS is presented as well as the results of an experiment conducted using data from the Brazilian Active Control System. The results show repeatability better than 5mm and 10mm for the N and E baseline components respectively, and 6mm + 4ppb (parts per billion) for the vertical. Comparison with SIRGAS campaign showed results at the same level of uncertainty as that of the stations used to tie the SIRGAS frame to ITRF94. Therefore, precise point positioning is a powerful tool to be used in applications requiring high level of precision, such as Geodynamics.

Avaliação do nível de multicaminho no posicionamento relativo GPS e sua atenuação através da análise de multiresolução

The multipath effect affects the differential and relative positioning, even that one involving short baselines. So it is necessary to detect this effect, check the caused error level, and mainly, its removal. This paper aims at analysing and comparing some useful components in the detection of this effect. These components are the Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR), the values of MP1 and MP2 obtained from the TEQC software that indicates the multipath level in the carriers L1 and L2, the multipath repeatability in consecutive days and the elevation angle and the azimuth of the satellites. For this purpose, an experiment is carried out, comparing such components in the presence and the absence of reflector objects that cause the multipath. Not only there is clear multipath repeatability in the residuals, but it also appears in the measures SNR, MP1 and MP2, reaching up 99% of correlation. For reduction, at least, of the high frequency multipath effect, the Multi-Resolution Analysis using wavelets is applied in the double differences (DD) measures. Some statistical tests were accomplished, which indicate results improvement, and mainly, larger reliability in the solution of the ambiguities, reaching up 49% of improvement concerning the Ratio test without applying the proposed method.

Precisão de plantas planialtimétricas em função do posicionamento de pontos em irradiadas de campo

The present experiment aimed to study the influence of point positioning in an irradiated field to produce a planialtimetric plant. A planialtimetric evaluation was carried out in a 14-acre experimental area with well-defined topographic variations. Planialtimetric maps were designed using manual procedures, Datageosis and Topoesalq. Datageosis built all the curves after numerical surface modeling. Topoesalq provided only height reports and the drawing of curves was done manually. The third method was a manual procedure. Because there were planialtimetry representation differences, longitudinal profiles were used in the sites where there was a great divergence among plants. When obtained profiles and plants were compared, it was verified that the one produced by Datageosis represented the relief plant better. Later, only the irradiated field points were evaluated and each point presented positioned readings before and after each relief map variation. The processing through the three methods resulted in significant plants of the local planialtimetry, according to the control profiles. It was concluded that the planning of the field procedure should be suitable to the posterior treatment method of obtained data in order to make a planialtimetric plant to accord to the evaluated local topography.

Conseqüências de uma tempestade geomagnética no posicionamento relativo com receptores GPS de simples freqüência

The error associated with the ionosphere depends on Total Electron Content (TEC) of the ionosphere. The geomagnetic field exerts strong influence in the TEC variation, because it controls the movement of the electrons. After solar events the magnetic lines of force can be compressed, characterizing the geomagnetic storm. The aim of this paper is to present to geodesic community the effects of a geomagnetic storm in the relative positioning. The processing of the data was accomplished with an interval of two hours, with a 430 km baseline. The analyze of the obtained results have been carried out from the discrepancies between the true coordinates and corresponding ones obtained in the processing of the baseline. The used data in this paper include the period of 30/03/2001 up to 02/04/2001. In March 31 a strong geomagnetic storm happened. One day after, that it corresponds to main phase of the storm, the values of the discrepancies decreased significantly. For instance, in 01:00-03:00 UT period, the value of the planimetric discrepancy reached 20 m in the storm day. However, in the main phase of the storm, the planimetric discrepancy decreased to 0.1 m.

Correcão ionosférica utilizando os MAPAS: Globais do TEC DO IGS: Avaliação no posicionamento por ponto na região brasileira

One of the main drawbacks of the GPS accuracy for L1 users is the error due to ionosphere. This error depends on the total electron content presents in the ionosphere, as well as of the carrier frequency. Some models have been developed to correct GPS observables of the systematic error due to the ionosphere. The model more known and used is the Klobuchar model, which corrected 50-60% of the ionospheric error approximately. Alternatively, IGS (International GNSS Service) also has developed a model called Global Ionospheric Map (GIM). These maps, in format IONEX, are available in the site of the IGS, and one of the applications of them is to correct the GPS observables of the error due to ionosphere. This work aims at evaluating the quality of GPS point positioning using the IGS ionospheric model in the Brazilian region. Tests carried out had shown an average improvement in the horizontal and vertical determination of 72% and 26%, respectively, when GIM is used in the point positioning.

Modificação no posicionamento do paciente para o procedimento para prolapso e hemorroidas (PPH): Decúbito ventral com coxim e membros inferiores afastados

Our aim is to present a modification in patient placement on surgical table for the treatment of prolapsed hemorrhoids by using PPH technique. We propose a modified jackknife position for PPH procedure where the surgeon stays between patient's legs. The modified jackknife position may provide better surgical field with better view of the dentate line which facilitates pursestring confection. In Brazil, the majority of the surgeons prefer lithotomic position for PPH technique based on Longo's first reports. In our opinion, modified jackknife position provides both better surgical field for pursestring placement and better view of the staple line after PPH firing.

Reprodutibilidade de medidas antropométricas estáticas de graduandos de odontologia e de mochos odontológicos

Objective: To evaluate the intraexaminer reproducibility of static anthropometric measurements of undergraduate dental students as well as the characteristics and regulating measurements of the dental stools used by them. Methods: Forty volunteers and 6 types of dental stools were evaluated. For the anthropometric measurements the employed equipments were: an adapted office chair, aflexible measuring tape with two adapted rods, a metallic device with a 90 degree central angle, string, a 35 x 24 cm rectangular wooden board, isolating tape and crepe tape. In order to standardize the position of the adapted office chair and the volunteers' feet, the floor was marked with the isolating and crepe tapes. A string was attached to the waist of each volunteer to mark the area corresponding to the kidney region making it possible to measure the seat-renal region area. The examined anthropometric measurements were height, trunkcephalic heigh, sacral-popliteal distance (OK?), hip width, popliteal height and the seat-renal region height. The evaluated characteristics of the dental stools relative to the seat were depth, horizontal width and minimum/maximum height. The back of the dental stool was evaluated as for the minimum/ maximum height adjustment. The anthropometric and dental stool measurements were obtained by a single examiner at two moments with a 1-week interval between the evaluations. Intra-class correlation coefficient (ρ) was used to estimate the intraexaminer reproducibility. Results: Excellent reproducibility was observed for all anthropometric measurements obtained (ρ=0.99) as well as for all dental stools evaluated (ρ=0.99). Conclusion: The method used to obtain the anthropometric and dental stools measurements was reproducible and can be used reliably.

Escala de ansiedade odontológica: Reprodutibilidade das respostas dadas em entrevistas telefônicas e pessoais

Objective: To estimate the intra-examiner reproducibility of the Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS) when applied by phone and personal interviews and to evaluate the association between the level of anxiety and the factors of interest. Method: The participants were 50 individuals (n=38 females) with mean age of 23.9±8.9 years, living in the city of Araraquara, SP, Brazil. The volunteers answered the DAS by means of two phone interviews with one-week interval between them. After 30 days, the DAS was applied to the same participants by means of personal interviews at two moments with one-week interval between them. Intra-examiner reproducibility was determined using Kappa (K) statistics by point and by confidence interval. Results: The intra-examiner agreement for the level of anxiety was 0.82 (0.75-0.90) for the phone interview and 0.69 (0.60-0.79) for the personal interview. Two of the DAS questions presented statistically significant difference in the intra-examiner reproducibility, with better agreement for the answers given by the participants during phone calls. The prevalence of dental anxiety in the sample was 92.0%, in such a way that 70.0%, 18.0% and 4.0% of them presented low, moderate and exacerbated anxiety. Conclusion: The classification of the individuals according to the anxiety level performed by means of phone and personal interviews presented statistically similar agreement. However, there was better agreement with phone calls for the questions referring to anxiety in the dental office's waiting room and during preparation of the motor for use in the dental treatment.

Posicionamento de Extratores de Cápsula Porosa em Solo Arenoso Na Citricultura Fertirrigada Por Gotejamento

The efficiency of monitoring fertigation by means of porous capsule extractors is directly related to its correct placement, since the nutrients applied through fertigation have different mobility throughout the soil profile. The objective of this study was to evaluate the distributions of NO3, P, and K in the soil solution, when applied in citrus in sandy soil through drip fertigation systems, aiming to define the proper placement of the solution extractors. In order to measure the concentration of ions in the soil solution, the extractors were installed at four different distances (5, 15, 25, and 35 cm) and depths (15, 30, 60, and 90 cm) with an emitter located under the projection of the tree canopy. The experiment was conducted in a Valencia orange orchard on citrumelo Swingle rootstock, in Reginópolis/SP. The experimental design was randomized blocks and the treatment arrangement was a 4 x 4 factorial design with five repetitions. Sixteen soil solution extractors were installed per block, with a total of 80 extractors in the experiment. According to the obtained results, to determine P and K, it is recommended to install the solution extractor at 15 cm horizontal and 30 cm depth from the emitter. For NO3, the extractor recommended placement is 25 cm horizontal and 30 cm depth. The soil solution extractor proved to be a sensitive tool, capable of determining the ions mobility in the wet bulb.

Integridade, disponibilidade e acurácia no posicionamento RTK e RTK em rede: Investigação no contexto da rede GNSS ativa do Estado de São Paulo

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Avaliação de modelos estocásticos no posicionamento GNSS

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)