Toxicity of trifluralin herbicide in a representative of the edaphic fauna: Histopathology of the midgut of Rhinocricus padbergi (Diplopoda)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Radioautographic study of the seasonal distribution of leukocytes in turtles Phrynops hilarii (Chelonia Chelidae)

The aim of this study was to present a morphological description of the leukocytes of Phrynops hilarii turtles according to the seasonal distribution of these cells and to show their replacement in the blood circulation using a radioautographic method. Five animals of both sexes weighing 600-1200 g were used. The animal's blood was aspirated, smeared on glass slides, and stained with the Romanowsky stain, and 500 cells of each animal were counted during each season. The results obtained were analyzed statistically by analysis of variance followed by the Bonferrom test (NCSS), with the level of significance set at p < 0.05. The radioautographic analysis of turtle blood exposed to 1000 mu Ci of H-3-thymidine and developed after 30 days showed a large number of silver grains incorporated into the cells, except for basophils, with cell renewal occurring every seven days. Quantitative data demonstrated a seasonal influence on the distribution of some leukocyte types, with the following p values: heterophils (p = 0.0007), basophils (p = 0.0002), monocytes (p = 0.0016), eosinophils (p = 0.0073). However, using this statistical method, it was not possible to detect a significant difference related to seasonal influence on lymphocytes (p = 0. 16295) or thrombocytes (p = 0. 1046). Using this experimental animal model, a seasonal influence on the distribution of some leukocyte types was observed, and the radioautographic method revealed a cell renewal system occurring every seven days, except for basophils. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Morphological and autoradiographic studies on the corneal and limbal epithelium of rabbits

The investigation was centered on the morphological features of the conjunctiva-cornea transition (limbus) of the rabbit eye and the proliferative behavior of its epithelium. The eyes were processed for examination with light and electron microscopy, as well as for autoradiography after intravitreal injection of [H-3]thymidine ([H-3]TdR). At the sites of extraocular muscle insertion, the vascularization of the stroma extended to the peripheral cornea, and the limbal epithelium was thin with its basal stratum made up by clear cuboidal cells. In between the muscle insertions, the cuboidal clear cells, as well as the stroma blood vessels; were scarce. At the light microscope level, the basement membrane was distinct in the cornea but not in the limbus or the conjunctiva. Autoradiographs demonstrated that, at the limbus, the basal cells migrated very quickly to the suprabasal region and remained there up to the 28-day interval. Labeled cells were identified in all epithelial layers of the cornea, including the basal one, at 21 and 28 days but not in the limbal basal clear cells. The rate of renewal of conjunctival epithelium was similar to that observed for the transition with scarce clear cells. The high-resolution autoradiographs demonstrated that the basal cuboidal clear limbal cells exhibit a quick renewal and that they are not label-retaining cells. These latter ones were detected all over the corneal epithelium and in the suprabasal layers of the limbus up to 28 days, in physiological conditions, without the need of stimulation by damage to the corneal epithelium.

Psicoesfera: uso corporativo da esfera técnica do território e o novo espírito do capitalismo

Durante algum tempo acreditou-se que as grandes transformações no meio técnico-científico informacional levariam, necessariamente, à renovação das sociabilidades. Mas, o que dizer quando nenhum acontecimento, nenhum evento é capaz de romper a estabilidade dos padrões éticos normativos dos sistemas de ações hegemônicos de nossas sociedades capitalistas? Este artigo visa compreender tal fenômeno, retomando de maneira sistemática a idéia de psicoesfera e tecnoesfera. Para tanto, procura analisar a indissociabilidade dos sistemas técnicos e dos sistemas de ações; indissociabilidade fundada numa racionalidade técnico-científica capaz de constituir valores e critérios normativos de justificação e estabilização nas sociedades capitalistas, mesmo em um meio geográfico em que é aparente a desagregação e decomposição das sociabilidades, precedida pelo aprofundamento das desigualdades territoriais.

Inovação educacional no século XIX: a construção do currículo da escola primária no Brasil

O texto busca reconstituir o processo de renovação dos programas da escola primária engendrado no Brasil a partir de 1870, situando a modernização educacional no país em relação ao contexto internacional. Para este estudo utilizamos como fonte de pesquisa o parecer de Rui Barbosa acerca da Reforma do ensino primário e várias instituições complementares da instrução pública (1883), em especial o volume concernente à discussão sobre métodos e o programa escolar. A análise efetuada mostra que a renovação do programa escolar significou para as camadas populares maiores oportunidades de acesso à cultura. Demostra, também, como o programa constitui um projeto político social civilizador, direcionado para a construção da nação, a modernização do país e a moralização do povo.

Conselho de comunicação social: uma válvula para o diálogo ou para o silêncio?

Le présent travail propose une analyse du Conseil de Communication Sociale, de son importance et de sa trajectoire. Il tente d'expliquer la raison par laquelle ce Conseil, réglementé en 1991, n'a été effectivement mis en place que 14 ans plus tard. Suite à une brève période de fonctionnement, il n'y a pas eu de renouvellement de sa gestion et, depuis décembre 2002, il demeure oisif. Cependant, le besoin de fonctionnement du Conseil est signalé par plusieurs secteurs, même si accompagné de demandes de changements para rapport à son caractère et à sa représentation.

Desempenho de tricogaster (Trichogaster trichopterus) submetido a diferentes níveis de arraçoamento e densidades de estocagem

O potencial genético para o crescimento de qualquer espécie animal depende das condições ambientais em que são cultivados, como competição por espaço, alimentos e oxigênio. O presente experimento foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar o desempenho produtivo de alevinos de tricogaster (Trichogaster trichopterus), uma espécie de peixe ornamental, submetidos a diferentes densidades de estocagem e índices alimentares. Os peixes (com peso médio de 0,56 g ± 0,09 e 0,96 g ± 0,13) foram divididos em dois blocos, submetidos às densidades de 5, 10 e 15 peixes/aquário e alimentados a taxas de 3, 6 e 9% do peso vivo/dia. Os peixes foram alimentados, uma vez ao dia, com ração comercial moída e mantidos em aquários (com capacidade para 100 L) dotados de filtro biológico e aeração, com renovação parcial da água. Os parâmetros físico-químicos da água mantiveram-se dentro da faixa de conforto para a espécie, com diminuição do pH e da condutividade no final do período experimental, para a maior densidade (15 peixes/aquário) e índice alimentar mais elevado (9% p.v./dia). A taxa de arraçoamento afetou significativamente o comprimento final, peso final, ganho de peso, a taxa de crescimento específico e o fator de condição. Os peixes alimentados à base de 9% p.v./dia apresentaram os melhores resultados. Para as diferentes densidades de estocagem, apenas o fator de condição apresentou diferença significativa, com os melhores resultados para os peixes cultivados à densidade de 10 peixes/aquário, em relação aos cultivados à densidade de 15 peixes/aquário. Não foram observadas interações significativas entre os índices alimentares e as densidades de estocagem.

Sulfation of intrinsic glycoproteins of the rabbit vitreous

The experiments reported here were designed to characterize the intrinsic vitreous glycoproteins and to understand the process of their sulfation. Rabbits were injected intravitreally with S-35-sodium sulfate and killed at several time intervals after injection. In another series of experiments, rabbits were injected either with S-35-sodium sulfate, H-3-fucose or H-3-tyrosine, associated or not associated with tunicamycin administration. Vitreous from the control eyes was also digested with N-glycosidase.. Furthermore, ciliary bodies, the putative source of the intrinsic vitreous glycoproteins, were incubated with S-35-sodium sulfate in the presence or absence of the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide, and the culture media recovered for analysis. These and the vitreous samples of the other experiments were processed for sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and fluorography. Except for serum albumin, practically all polypeptide bands of the vitreous and culture media were labeled with radioactive sulfate and were shown to undergo renewal. The experiments using tunicamycin or enzyme treatment suggest that radioactive sulfate was incorporated not only into the carbohydrate side chains of the glycoproteins but also into the amino acid tyrosine of the polypeptide backbone of these glycoproteins. (C) 1998 Academic Press.

Increased Levels of NOTCH1, NF-kappa B, and Other Interconnected Transcription Factors Characterize Primitive Sets of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Biomecánica da movimentação ortodôntica--resposta inicial dos tecidos periodontais.

There occurs a biological response of the tissues of dental support, in answer to the external physiological forces and those realized during clinical treatments with orthodontical purposes. These forces differ from the first ones because they are continuous and time dependent. A great dental mobility is related to the degree of tissue organization of the periodontium system and the orthodontical movement must utilize this exceptional capacity of renewal and adaptation of the periodontium structures adequately. Therefore, through histological means a search was made to evaluate the succession of alterations of the periodontium system after the application of an orthodontical force on the molars of young rats and to interpret the standards of horizontal mobility and their consequences on the periodontium structures, biologically. An orthodontic force was applied on young rats utilizing steel wire placed in a ring form on a contact point between the first and second lower molars. The animals were sacrificed after 30 minutes, 1, 2, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 168 hours after the placement of the metal ring. After technical preparation, the microscopic slides were examined and the results were compared. In all the sections there was evidence of an intense metabolic activity. A gradual evolution of modification on the phenomenons had occurred.

Uma leitura de 26 poetas hoje

This reading presents a sample from this anthology and tries to identify in it the faces of resistence indicated by Alfredo Bosi in his essay: Poesia Resistência. ln the several manners the poets of different generations chose for their personal cry of alert we find a poetry wich is spontaneous, authentic and, above all, resistent. This is due mainly to the renewal of the poetical expression, impregnated with affectiveness and intimism, which included colloquial language and the devices used by all great Brazilian poetry since the Modernism of 1922.

A variedade léxica da língua espanhola em dicionários bilíngues espanhol-português para aprendizes brasileiros

Due to factors such as globalization and the demography of Hispanic countries, the Spanish language has influenced worldwide, especially since the last decade of the 20th century, mainly countries which are geographically close to Spanish American countries, such as Brazil. In this context, it is necessary to think of the linguistic variation of the Spanish language, in which we emphasize the lexical variation. As any language, Spanish has a colossal and wealthy lexicon with different varieties related to the characteristics from each region: history, culture, customs etc. This diversity influences the development, the amplification and the renewal of a language, as well as the teaching-learning process. Thus, we proposed to analyze the lexicon varieties of Spanish language entries in some Spanish-Portuguese bilingual dictionaries for Brazilian learners. In order to achieve this goal, we selected some examples of lexical variety in a corpus organized with texts of different textual genres and we verified if these lexical items are registered in the dictionaries chosen. As the corpus is organized from texts present in didactic manuals used in Brazil, our goal is to verify if the vocabulary which the Brazilian learner has contact in formal education is registered in the analyzed dictionaries.

Pesquisa em Resolução de Problemas: caminhos, avanços e novas perspectivas

We discuss the knowledge that has been constructed regarding Problem Solving in Math Education as a result of research developed by GTERP - Work and Study Group in Problem Solving, UNESP-Rio Claro/SP. The research is guided by the following general questions: How do students construct mathematical knowledge and how do teachers implement the methodology of Math Teaching-Learning-Evaluation through Problem Solving? Historical aspects of Problem Solving are very important in the configuration of the current trends for Problem Solving. One of them is the Methodology of Math Teaching-Learning- Evaluation through Problem Solving, based on clear foundations and an approach of renewal. In addition to that methodology, two aspects have been developed by the group: The conception of Math as a science of pattern and order and Discrete Mathematics. The knowledge constructed and the scientific production of GTERP prove its relevant contribution to intensifying dialogues between research and educational practice, students and teachers, and to increasing the possibilities of that practice particularly in Math work.

O projeto para o pavilhão brasileiro na expo' 92 em sevilha e a chamada arquitetura paulista

This article discusses the controversy surrounding the winning project of the competition organized by the Brazilian Ministry of Foreign Affairs for the Brazilian pavilion at the Expo'92 in Seville, Spain; the views of architecture critics made at the time of the results, and, their implications for Brazilian architecture. At the beginning of the 90s, this competition was a kind of confrontation of ideas, between the architects who were in favour of a renewal of architecture and those who defended the resumption of national architectural traditions, buildings with large spans, constructed in reinforced concrete. These architects were the heirs of the so called Paulista architecture, which was characterised by the work undertaken from the 60's by important architects such as Vilanova Artigas and Paulo Mendes da Rocha. The modern references adopted by the winning project, from the architects Angelo Bucci, Alvaro Puntoni and José Oswaldo Vilela, sparked controversies because of the difficulty of resuming the teachings of the old modern masters when faced with new times. These controversies were related to the end of the military dictatorship in Brazil and the process of opening markets, and by the relevance of a re-evaluation of the so-called Paulista architecture.

Carbon dioxide emissions under different soil tillage systems in mechanically harvested sugarcane

Soil tillage and other methods of soil management may influence CO 2 emissions because they accelerate the mineralization of organic carbon in the soil. This study aimed to quantify the CO2 emissions under conventional tillage (CT), minimum tillage (MT) and reduced tillage (RT) during the renovation of sugarcane fields in southern Brazil. The experiment was performed on an Oxisol in the sugarcane-planting area with mechanical harvesting. An undisturbed or no-till (NT) plot was left as a control treatment. The CO2 emissions results indicated a significant interaction (p < 0.001) between tillage method and time after tillage. By quantifying the accumulated emissions over the 44 days after soil tillage, we observed that tillage-induced emissions were higher after the CT system than the RT and MT systems, reaching 350.09 g m-2 of CO2 in CT, and 51.7 and 5.5 g m-2 of CO2 in RT and MT respectively. The amount of C lost in the form of CO2 due to soil tillage practices was significant and comparable to the estimated value of potential annual C accumulation resulting from changes in the harvesting system in Brazil from burning of plant residues to the adoption of green cane harvesting. The CO 2 emissions in the CT system could respond to a loss of 80% of the potential soil C accumulated over one year as result of the adoption of mechanized sugarcane harvesting. Meanwhile, soil tillage during the renewal of the sugar plantation using RT and MT methods would result in low impact, with losses of 12% and 2% of the C that could potentially be accumulated during a one year period. © 2013 IOP Publishing Ltd.