Comportamento de baixas doses de herbicidas na cultura da soja (Glycine max (L.) Merril). I I-Efeitos sobre o controle das plantas daninhas, desenvolvimento e absorção de nutrientes pela cultura

Foi estudada a possibilidade de redução nas doses recomendadas de herbicidas, isolados ou em misturas, sem afetar algumas características das plantas de soja (Santa Rosa), tais como o acúmulo total de matéria secada parte aérea (caule + ramos, folhas e vagens), índice de Area Foliar (IAF) e teores de macro e micronutrientes (Diagnose Foliar e nos grãos). O experimento foi ins talado em Solo Latos - sol Vermelho Escuro - fase arenosa, município de Jaboticabal, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso, em vinte tratamentos e três repetições, te stando-se a dose total recomendad a e reduções de 25% e 50% de la , para o trifluralin, alachlor e metribuzin, isolados e em misturas. As doses recomendadas foram 0,86; 1,72 e 0,28 kg/ha de trifluralin, alachlor e metribuzin, respectivamente. As 'misturas com doses reduzidas, de tri - fluralin + metribuzin (0 ,6 5 + 0, 21 kg/h a) e alachlor + metribuzin (1 ,4 4 + 0, 21 kg /h a), apresentaram controle geral das plantas daninhas acima de 90% at é o 60 .° dia após a semeadura, sem apresentar fitotoxicida de ou efeitos deletérios nas plantas de soja. Além disso apresenta ram os melhores resultados relativos ao acúmulo de matéria seca na parte aérea, juntamente com as mesmas misturas nas doses padrões e testemunha capinada. A absorção de nutrientes também sempre foi maior nestes tratamentos , com maiores teores nas folhas, na matéria seca geral e nos grãos. O IAF alto e a sua manutenção por um período maior, nestes tratamentos, podem ter tido influência decisiva, com maior eficiência fotossintética das plantas.

A comparison of two agar gel immunodiffusion methods and a complement fixation test for serologic diagnosis of Brucella ovis infection in experimentally infected rams

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Qualidade da carne ovina submetida ao processo de salga

Foi estudada a qualidade da carne ovina submetida a diferentes teores de sal no processo de salga, utilizando-se 18 pernas desossadas provenientes de cordeiros ½ Ile de France ½ Ideal, machos inteiros, com peso vivo médio de 30kg. Os tratamentos constituíram-se em: T1 - controle; T2 - salga a 15% e T3 - salga a 20%. As mantas de carne foram lavadas rapidamente em água corrente para remoção do excesso de sal e secadas à sombra. As análises foram realizadas antes da salga e 67 horas após o início da mesma. As perdas de peso ao cozimento, maciez, cor, umidade (2, 4, 16, 28, 40 e 67 horas após o início da salga) e número de TBARS, substâncias reativas ao ácido 2-tiobarbitúrico, foram realizadas no músculo Semimembranosus. Os diferentes teores de sal não influenciaram (P>0,05) na luminosidade da carne, entretanto os teores de vermelho e amarelo, que foram influenciados (P<0,05). As perdas de peso ao cozimento e a umidade foram menores (P<0,05) nas carnes salgadas. A carne dos tratamentos controle e com 15% de salga, apresentou maior (P<0,05) maciez, em relação à carne do tratamento com 20% de salga. A carne que foi submetida a 20% de salga, apresentou maior oxidação lípidica, não diferindo da salga a 15%. A salga a 15% forneceu melhores resultados com valores de perdas de peso ao cozimento, cor, umidade e número de TBARS semelhante a salga a 20%, porém com maior maciez.

Degradação de silagens de capim-elefante contendo subproduto do urucum

To evaluate the dry matter, neutral detergent fiber and crude protein in situ degradation of elephant grass silages with five levels (0; 4; 8; 12 and 16%, on a fresh matter basis) of annatto grain by-product (AGBP), this work was carried out. A split-plot design, consisting on the addition levels the plots and the incubation times the sub-plots, with four replicates, was adopted. For the silages making, the elephant grass was cut 70 days-old and mixed to the by-product, in 20 plastic drums. The samples were dried, grid in a bolter of 5 mm mesh, being used 3 g of samples in each nylon bag, for incubation in the rumem for 0; 6; 48 e 96 hours; 2 ram without defined breed were used. Was observed increased the disappearance of the DM until the level 13.37% of addition of (AGBP) the elephant grass silages for the incubation time 48 hours, this level was that presented the most disappearance DM. For the NDF the disappearance increased until 16% of addition. For the whole of parameters of degradation, was observed that the level of addition of 16% of (AGBP) presented the most values for the potential and effective degradability of variables in question. The inclusion of the annatto grain by-product for elephant grass silage results in greater potential and effective degradability.

Myocardial fibrosis rather than hypertrophy induces diastolic dysfunction in renovascular hypertensive rats

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the-effect of interstitial fibrosis alone or associated with hypertrophy. on diastolic myocardial function in renovascular hypertensive rats. Myocardial function was evaluated in isolated papillary muscle from renovascular hypertensive Wistar rats (RHT, n = 14), renovascular hypertensive rats treated with the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) ramipril, 20 mg.kg(-1).day(-1) (RHT RAM, n = 14), and age-matched unoperated and untreated Wistar rats (CONT, n = 12). The ACEI treatment for 3 weeks allowed the regression of myocyte mass and the maintenance of interstitial fibrosis. Myocardial passive stiffness was analyzed by the resting tension - length relationship. The myocardial fibrosis was evaluated by measuring myocardial hydroxyproline (Hyp) concentration and by histological studies of the myocardium stained with hematoxylin and eosin or picrosirius red. Left ventricular weight was significantly higher in RHT (0.97 +/- 0.12 g) compared with CONT (0.66 +/- 0.06 g) and RHT RAM (0.69 +/- 0.14 g). The Hyp levels were 2.9 +/- 0.4, 3.4 +/- 0.3, and 3.8 +/- 0.4 mu g/mg of dry tissue for the CONT, RHT, and RHT RAM, respectively. Perivascular and interstitial fibrosis were observed in RHT and RHT RAM groups. There were lymphomononuclear inflammatory exudate and edema around arteries, involving adjacent myocytes in the RHT group. There was an increased passive stiffness in RHT and RHT RAM groups compared with the CONT group. In conclusion, our results indicate that the Impaired diastolic function in the renovascular hypertensive rats is related to interstitial fibrosis rather than to myocardial hypertrophy.

Identification of the SP22 Sperm Protein in Santa Ines and Dorper Rams

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Hadronic interactions from effective chiral Lagrangians of quarks and gluons

Effective chiral Lagrangians involving constituent quarks, Goldstone bosons and long-distance gluons are believed to describe the strong interactions in an intermediate energy region between the confinement scale and the chiral symmetry breaking scale. Baryons and mesons in such a description are bound states of constituent quarks. We discuss the combined use of the techniques of effective chiral field theory and of the field theoretic method known as Fock-Tani representation to derive effective hadron interactions. The Fock-Tani method is based on a change of representation by means of a unitary transformation such that the composite hadrons are redescribed by elementary-particle field operators. Application of the unitary transformation on the microscopic quark-quark interaction derived from a chiral effective Lagrangian leads to chiral effective interactions describing all possible processes involving hadrons and their constituents. The formalism is illustrated by deriving the one-pion-exchange potential between two nucleons using the quark-gluon effective chiral Lagrangian of Manohar and Georgi. We also present the results of a study of the saturation properties of nuclear matter using this formalism.

Radiative Omega(-)->Xi(-)gamma decay and physics beyond the standard model

We investigate the impact of new physics beyond the Standard Model to the s --> d gamma process, which is responsible for the short-distance contribution to the radiative decay Omega-( )--> Xi(-) gamma. We study three representative extensions of the Standard Model, namely a one-family technicolor model, a two Higgs doublet model and a model containing scalar leptoquarks. When constraints arising from the observed b --> s gamma transition and the upper limit on D-0-(D) over bar(0) mixing are taken into account, we find no significant contributions of new physics to the s --> d gamma process.

Chiral symmetry and pion-nucleon scattering

In this work, we study the influence of the way pious couple to nucleons in perturbative calculation of an observable in the pion-nucleon scattering.

C programs for solving the time-dependent Gross-Pitaevskii equation in a fully anisotropic trap

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Características de carcaça de cordeiros Hampshire Down e Santa Inês sob diferentes fotoperíodos

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do fotoperíodo e da raça nas características de carcaça de cordeiros machos Hampshire Down e Santa Inês. Sete cordeiros Hampshire Down e sete Santa Inês foram submetidos a fotoperíodo de 12 horas luz x 12 horas escuro (curto) e de 18 horas luz x 6 horas escuro (longo). Após o desmame, os cordeiros foram alojados em baias individuais de acordo com os tratamentos. Ao atingirem 31 kg de peso vivo, foram abatidos e a carcaça e os componentes não-constituintes da carcaça foram pesados. Cordeiros Santa Inês apresentaram peso de carcaça quente superior ao dos Hampshire e maior rendimento comercial. Cordeiros Santa Inês apresentaram maior peso de sangue, coração, pulmão, rins e baço. Já os cordeiros Hampshire Down apresentaram pesos de pele, patas e aparelho gastrintestinal cheio superiores aos do Santa Inês. Os cordeiros Santa Inês apresentaram maior largura de garupa e comprimento de perna do que os Hampshire Down. Os cordeiros Santa Inês apresentaram porcentagem de costela descoberta e baixos maior do que os Hampshire Down, com maior porcentagem de perna. A raça influencia mais as características de carcaça do que o fotoperíodo.

Force-versus-time curves during collisions between two identical steel balls

We describe a numerical procedure for plotting the force-versus-time curves in elastic collisions between identical conducting balls. A system of parametric equations relating the force and the time to a dimensionless parameter is derived from the assumption of a force compatible with Hertz's theory of collision. A simple experimental arrangement consisting of a mechanical system of colliding balls and an electrical circuit containing a crystal oscillator and an electronic counter is used to measure the collision time as a function of the energy of impact. From the data we can determine the relevant parameters. The calculated results agree very well with the expected values and are consistent with the assumption that the collisions are elastic. (C) 2006 American Association of Physics Teachers.

The STATFLUX code: a statistical method for calculation of flow and set of parameters, based on the Multiple-Compartment Biokinetical Model

The code STATFLUX, implementing a new and simple statistical procedure for the calculation of transfer coefficients in radionuclide transport to animals and plants, is proposed. The method is based on the general multiple-compartment model, which uses a system of linear equations involving geometrical volume considerations. Flow parameters were estimated by employing two different least-squares procedures: Derivative and Gauss-Marquardt methods, with the available experimental data of radionuclide concentrations as the input functions of time. The solution of the inverse problem, which relates a given set of flow parameter with the time evolution of concentration functions, is achieved via a Monte Carlo Simulation procedure.Program summaryTitle of program: STATFLUXCatalogue identifier: ADYS_v1_0Program summary URL: http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/ADYS_v1_0Program obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queen's University of Belfast, N. IrelandLicensing provisions: noneComputer for which the program is designed and others on which it has been tested: Micro-computer with Intel Pentium III, 3.0 GHzInstallation: Laboratory of Linear Accelerator, Department of Experimental Physics, University of São Paulo, BrazilOperating system: Windows 2000 and Windows XPProgramming language used: Fortran-77 as implemented in Microsoft Fortran 4.0. NOTE: Microsoft Fortran includes non-standard features which are used in this program. Standard Fortran compilers such as, g77, f77, ifort and NAG95, are not able to compile the code and therefore it has not been possible for the CPC Program Library to test the program.Memory, required to execute with typical data: 8 Mbytes of RAM memory and 100 MB of Hard disk memoryNo. of bits in a word: 16No. of lines in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 6912No. of bytes in distributed Program, including test data, etc.: 229 541Distribution format: tar.gzNature of the physical problem: the investigation of transport mechanisms for radioactive substances, through environmental pathways, is very important for radiological protection of populations. One such pathway, associated with the food chain, is the grass-animal-man sequence. The distribution of trace elements in humans and laboratory animals has been intensively studied over the past 60 years [R.C. Pendlenton, C.W. Mays, R.D. Lloyd, A.L. Brooks, Differential accumulation of iodine-131 from local fallout in people and milk, Health Phys. 9 (1963) 1253-1262]. In addition, investigations on the incidence of cancer in humans, and a possible causal relationship to radioactive fallout, have been undertaken [E.S. Weiss, M.L. Rallison, W.T. London, W.T. Carlyle Thompson, Thyroid nodularity in southwestern Utah school children exposed to fallout radiation, Amer. J. Public Health 61 (1971) 241-249; M.L. Rallison, B.M. Dobyns, F.R. Keating, J.E. Rall, F.H. Tyler, Thyroid diseases in children, Amer. J. Med. 56 (1974) 457-463; J.L. Lyon, M.R. Klauber, J.W. Gardner, K.S. Udall, Childhood leukemia associated with fallout from nuclear testing, N. Engl. J. Med. 300 (1979) 397-402]. From the pathways of entry of radionuclides in the human (or animal) body, ingestion is the most important because it is closely related to life-long alimentary (or dietary) habits. Those radionuclides which are able to enter the living cells by either metabolic or other processes give rise to localized doses which can be very high. The evaluation of these internally localized doses is of paramount importance for the assessment of radiobiological risks and radiological protection. The time behavior of trace concentration in organs is the principal input for prediction of internal doses after acute or chronic exposure. The General Multiple-Compartment Model (GMCM) is the powerful and more accepted method for biokinetical studies, which allows the calculation of concentration of trace elements in organs as a function of time, when the flow parameters of the model are known. However, few biokinetics data exist in the literature, and the determination of flow and transfer parameters by statistical fitting for each system is an open problem.Restriction on the complexity of the problem: This version of the code works with the constant volume approximation, which is valid for many situations where the biological half-live of a trace is lower than the volume rise time. Another restriction is related to the central flux model. The model considered in the code assumes that exist one central compartment (e.g., blood), that connect the flow with all compartments, and the flow between other compartments is not included.Typical running time: Depends on the choice for calculations. Using the Derivative Method the time is very short (a few minutes) for any number of compartments considered. When the Gauss-Marquardt iterative method is used the calculation time can be approximately 5-6 hours when similar to 15 compartments are considered. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Thermally stimulated depolarizations: Disclosing an approximate universality

This paper presents an approximate universality displayed by thermally stimulated depolarization currents ruled by stretched exponential relaxations when properly re-scaled. A visually perfect universality occurs especially when the energy and the heating rate are varied. It becomes somewhat poorer when the frequency factor or the stretched exponent changes. Empirical relations between the half widths and other pertinent parameters are given.

Testicular biopsy with Tru-Cut needle in conjunction with fibrin adhesive or nylon suture: assessment of post-biopsy testicular function in rams

Testicular biopsy has been a complementary technique for clinical and research purposes to evaluate reproductive function in males. However, hemorrhage, inflammation, degeneration, and adhesion are factors that might limit the use of this procedure. In order to minimize these potential problems, fibrin glue derived from snake venom, a tissue adhesive with sealing, hemostatic, and healing properties, was used in conjunction with bilateral testicular biopsy with the Tru-Cut needle and was compared with a more conventional technique that uses nylon suture. Thirty mature rams were randomly assigned to three groups of 10 animals each, as follows: nonsurgical control group (no scrotal surgery, or biopsy); biopsy + glue group (fibrin glue on puncture sites and skin incisions) and biopsy + suture group (compression with swab on puncture sites and suturing of skin incision). The surgeries of the rams in the biopsy groups were performed on the same day, which was designated Day 0 for all three groups. Data of scrotal circumference, number of spermatozoa per ejaculum, percentage of morphologically abnormal spermatozoa, spermatozoa motility, and serum testosterone concentrations from Days -7, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 were evaluated. There were no significant differences between groups within days for any of the parameters evaluated. In conclusion, the testicular biopsy procedure using the Tru-Cut needle in conjunction with conventional nylon suture or the more novel fibrin glue in rams did not affect any of the parameters of testicular function evaluated in this study and was shown to be relatively simple, safe and efficient. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier B.V. B.V.