Antibody and cytokine serum levels in patients subjected to anti-rabies prophylaxis with serum-vaccination

Rabies is considered a fatal disease once clinical symptoms have developed. The aim of this study was to evaluate epidemiological aspects and immune response in patients attacked by domestic and wild animals and subjected to post-exposure rabies treatment with equine serum and associated vaccine. Thirty-three patients were evaluated; they were between 13 and 65 years old, 75.8% were male and 24.2% female, and from the Botucatu neighborhood. Twenty healthy control individuals with the same age range were also studied. Specific antibodies to equine immunoglobulins and IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10 production were evaluated by ELISA. IgM, IgE, IgG and subclasses, and rabies virus antibodies serum levels were determined by nephelometry and seroneutralization methods, respectively. No anaphylactic or serum sickness allergic reactions were observed in patients after treatment. Anti-equine IgG levels were significantly higher than those of IgM after 14 and 28 days of treatment. Protective antibodies to rabies virus > 0.5 UI/ml were detected in 84.6% and 75% of patients at days 14 and 28, respectively. IFN-γ, IL-2 and IL-10 levels in patients before and 48h after treatment were significantly higher than in controls suggesting that both Th1 and Th2 cells were activated in the patients. Serum IgM levels were higher at day 14, and IgG 2 and IgE levels were higher at day 28 of treatment. These results suggest that post-exposure rabies treatment in humans induces significant alterations in patient immune response characterized by increased levels of cytokines, serum levels of specific rabies virus antibodies, and the equine serum components employed in the treatment.

Novas centralidades e novos habitats: caminhos para a fragmentação urbana em Marília (SP)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Signaling Pathways Activation by Primary Endodontic Infectious Contents and Production of Inflammatory Mediators

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Influence of Delivery Method on Neuroprotection by Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cell Therapy following Ventral Root Reimplantation with Fibrin Sealant

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Cardiovascular and autonomic alterations in rats with parkinsonism induced by 6-OHDA and treated with L-DOPA

Evaluate the effects caused by L-DOPA on cardiovascular and autonomic parameters in an animal model of Parkinsonism induced by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA).Adult male Wistar rats were subjected to bilateral microinfusion of 6-OHDA or saline (sham group) in the substantia nigra, and treated by gavage with L-DOPA or water for 7days after surgery. On the 6th day the rats were subjected to femoral artery catheterization for cardiovascular recording. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were evaluated at baseline and during head up tilt (HUT) protocol. Spectral analysis of cardiovascular variability was performed using the V2.4 CardioSeries software v2.4. The lesion was quantified by dopamine levels in the striatum.Dopamine levels in the striatum were decreased in 6-OHDA rats (sham: 4.79±0.49ng/mg; 6-OHDA: 1.99±0.68ng/mg) and were not recovered by Prolopa treatment. Baseline values of MAP and HR were not different between groups. HUT induced an increase in MAP and HR (ΔMAP: 17±1mmHg, ΔHR: 39±4bpm) that were attenuated in 6-OHDA and in Prolopa treated animals. At baseline, the systolic arterial pressure (SAP) variance was lower in the 6-OHDA and sham Prolopa groups. Spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity was higher at baseline in the 6-OHDA group as compared to all studied groups.Our data suggest that treatment with Prolopa did not interfere with cardiovascular variables at baseline. However, during HUT, the 6-OHDA and Prolopa control animals presented a lower cardiovascular compensation, suggesting a possible autonomic impairment in Parkinsonism induced by 6-OHDA.

Inquérito de suplementação nutricional e experiência no treinamento resistido entre jovens do interior e litoral paulista

To the practitioners of resistance exercise, a better performance is associated with nutritional habits and the help of nutritional supplements. Whatever, this use has been made improperly and without foundation, advised by persons not trained, leading to misuse. To analyze the profile of practitioners in the knowledge of and access to supplements, as well as knowledge about the sport and the need to use additional food resources. A questionnaire will be used to youths aged 15 to 21 consumers of nutritional supplements on the sports, the substance used, why the substance used, who appointed her, which substances have been used, satisfaction with that product, and socioeconomic characteristics of the individual. The data will be correlated by Pearson's correlation coefficient. It is expected that the abuse of supplements is associated with ease by socioeconomic status and experience in the sport for the little progress with the adoption of a routine training exercise in the circumstances only. The major difference compared to the goal of practice, was the motivation for the improvement of physical fitness (Guaruja 21% and Bauru 9.6%), with the intention of increasing muscle mass response occurring closer (Guaruja 22% and Bauru 19.2%) among respondents, and reported more emphasis on the Interior Health (17.3%). The use of supplements is somewhat similar to trends involving body aesthetics and fitness for participation in sports, in the Coast (hypertrophy: 33% body fat reduction, improved endurance and improved performance in sports: 20%), and beauty, fitness and health, the Interior (hypertrophy: 41% increase in strength: 22%, and quality of life: 15%). Interest in the use of supplements is mostly aimed at the improvement of overload training (Guaruja 67% and Bauru 56%) but the sources of information on the use of supplements have become more secure among the respondents of the Interior (gym teacher: 20%, Conferences and Symposia: 12%, and the...

Mechanisms involved in reproductive damage caused by gossypol in rats and protective effects of vitamin E

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Regulation of hepatic TRB3/Akt interaction induced by physical exercise and its effect on the hepatic glucose production in an insulin resistance state

To maintain euglycemia in healthy organisms, hepatic glucose production is increased during fasting and decreased during the postprandial period. This whole process is supported by insulin levels. These responses are associated with the insulin signaling pathway and the reduction in the activity of key gluconeogenic enzymes, resulting in a decrease of hepatic glucose production. On the other hand, defects in the liver insulin signaling pathway might promote inadequate suppression of gluconeogenesis, leading to hyperglycemia during fasting and after meals. The hepatocyte nuclear factor 4, the transcription cofactor PGC1-α, and the transcription factor Foxo1 have fundamental roles in regulating gluconeogenesis. The loss of insulin action is associated with the production of pro-inflammatory biomolecules in obesity conditions. Among the molecular mechanisms involved, we emphasize in this review the participation of TRB3 protein (a mammalian homolog of Drosophila tribbles), which is able to inhibit Akt activity and, thereby, maintain Foxo1 activity in the nucleus of hepatocytes, inducing hyperglycemia. In contrast, physical exercise has been shown as an important tool to reduce insulin resistance in the liver by reducing the inflammatory process, including the inhibition of TRB3 and, therefore, suppressing gluconeogenesis. The understanding of these new mechanisms by which physical exercise regulates glucose homeostasis has critical importance for the understanding and prevention of diabetes.

Soil organic matter as a function of nitrogen fertilization in crop successions

A interdependência dos ciclos de C e N reflete-se nos teores de matéria orgânica do solo (MOS). em um delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, com parcelas sub-subdivididas, tendo como tratamento principal cinco doses de nitrogênio de cobertura na cultura do milho (0; 60; 120; 180 e 240 kg ha-1 de N), como tratamento secundário, as sucessões milho-milho e soja-milho, e como sub-subtratamento, duas profundidades de amostragem (0 a 0.2 e 0.2 a 0.4 cm), avaliaram-se os teores de MOS e de C orgânico nas frações solúvel em água (C-SA), ácidos húmicos (C-AH), ácidos fúlvicos (C-AF) e humina (C-H), por meio do método clássico de fracionamento químico, em um Latossolo Vermelho eutrófico, de textura argilosa. A adubação nitrogenada não afetou os teores de MOS, mas favoreceu a síntese de compostos da fração C-AH. Houve efeito quadrático das doses de N nos teores de C-SA e de C-AF na sucessão milho-milho. A sucessão soja-milho resultou em maiores teores de MOS e de C orgânico na fração humina.

Energy and lysine for broilers from 44 to 55 days of age

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the performance and carcass yield of broilers at 55 days of age fed diets with different levels of metabolizable energy and lysine. Evaluated data of performance were weight gain, feed intake, energy intake, lysine intake, caloric conversion and feed conversion. Carcass assessment was performed based on data from carcass yield, breast weight, whole wings, whole legs, back, head + neck, feet and abdominal fat. A 3 x 3 factorial arrangement was used, with 3 levels of metabolizable energy (3,200; 3,400 and 3,600 kcal ME/kg) and 3 lysine levels (0.95%; 1.05% and 1.15%). There was no interaction between the two factors. Nevertheless, increasing levels of metabolizable energy improved weight gain (745 g; 841 g and 910 g, respectively) and feed intake was higher in broilers receiving the diets with 3,200 and 3,600 kcal ME/kg. Overall performance was not affected by lysine levels. Feed conversion values were 2.69, 2.42 and 2.14 for birds fed diets with 3,200; 3,400 and 3,600 kcal ME/kg, respectively. Carcass yield and breast weight increased with higher levels of energy and lysine in the diets.

Effects of dry sugar cane yeast on the diet intake, digestibility and bovine rumen microbial populations

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Avaliação da Farinha de Carne e Ossos na Alimentação de Frangos de Corte

Um mil quatrocentos e quarenta pintos de um dia, machos, foram utilizados com o objetivo de avaliar a utilização da farinha de carne e ossos (FCO) sobre o desempenho e rendimento de carcaça de frangos de corte. Foi utilizado o delineamento inteiramente ao acaso em esquema fatorial 2 x 2 x 2, com os fatores: níveis de inclusão da FCO (3 e 6%), tipos de FCO (37,51 e 41,58% de proteína bruta), valores de energia metabolizável da FCO conforme equações de predição sugerida pelo NRC (1994) ou tabela de Rostagno et al. (1994), mais um tratamento controle sem a inclusão de FCO, com quatro repetições de 40 aves cada. O consumo de ração e ganho de peso (GP) foram influenciados pela inclusão de FCO, sendo verificado maior GP quando a FCO não foi utilizada. As demais características de desempenho não foram afetadas pelos fatores estudados. A gordura abdominal foi reduzida quando a FCO não foi utilizada. Concluiu-se que dietas de frangos de corte contendo até 6% de FCO proporcionam pior desempenho quando comparadas com aquelas a base de milho e farelo de soja.

Dried yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisae) as a protein source for horses

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Nutrição mineral de mudas de eucalipto produzidas sob diferentes lâminas de irrigação e substratos

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos das lâminas brutas de irrigação na concentração de nutrientes de mudas de Eucalyptus grandis, produzidas em diferentes substratos. O experimento foi realizado na Camará - Mudas Florestais, em Ibaté, SP, e constituiu-se de um fatorial 5 x 4, sendo cinco lâminas brutas de irrigação diárias (6, 8, 10, 12 e 14 mm), aplicadas em diferentes horários (10, 13 e 16 h), e quatro substratos (FB - fibra de coco; CPV - casca de pinus e vermiculita; CATV - casca de pinus, carvão, turfa e vermiculita; e um MIX - 70 % de CPV e 30 % de FB). Foram determinadas os conteúdos dos nutrientes na parte aérea e no sistema radicular das mudas. Os resultados indicaram que houve influência das lâminas de irrigação e dos substratos no conteúdo dos nutrientes das mudas com maior acúmulo dos mesmos à medida que o fornecimento de água foi maior. As plantas crescidas nos substratos FB e CPV registraram os maiores acúmulos de nutrientes. CPV foi o melhor em se tratando do acúmulo dos macronutrientes nas raízes e também, juntamente com FB, o melhor para o acúmulo dos micronutrientes nas raízes e na parte aérea. Não houve influência dos substratos no acúmulo dos macronutrientes na parte aérea, porém houve das lâminas de irrigação.

Produção de β-ecdisona em Pfaffia glomerata (Spreng.) Pedersen em função da adubação orgânica em 6 épocas de crescimento

O trabalho teve como objetivo verificar a influência da adubação orgânica em 6 épocas de crescimento na produção de β-ecdisona por plantas de Pfaffia glomerata. O experimento foi conduzido na Fazenda Santo Antonio do Araquá, distrito de Catâneo Ângelo, município de São Manuel, São Paulo, Brasil. Utilizou-se o delineamento de blocos ao acaso, num esquema fatorial 5x6, com quatro repetições, considerando-se 8 plantas úteis por parcela. Os blocos foram constituídos de 6 épocas de crescimento (60, 120, 180, 240, 300 e 360 dias após a germinação) e de 5 doses de esterco de galinha curtido [testemunha (sem adubação), 15, 30, 45 e 60 t ha-1]. Após cada colheita, as raízes das plantas foram secas em estufa com circulação de ar forçada a 40ºC e pesadas para posterior extração do β-ecdisona, seguindo metodologia desenvolvida por Magalhães (2000). Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância e ao teste de separação de médias de Scott Knott, todos a 5% de probabilidade. Quando ocorreu interação os resultados foram avaliados usando-se análise de regressão polinominal. O teor de β-ecdisona não foi influenciado pelas doses de adubo e nem pela época do crescimento das plantas. Porém a quantidade total de β-ecdisona por raiz foi influenciada pela época de crescimento, sendo que aos 360 dias após a emergência ocorreu uma maior quantidade do princípio ativo em todos os tratamentos. Apesar de não diferir estatisticamente dos demais tratamentos, aos 360 dias após a emergência das plantas, o tratamento 30 t ha-1 foi o que proporcionou maior quantidade de β-ecdisona.