26 resultados para Norton ES2


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Dosage and frequency of treatment schedules are important for successful chemotherapy. However, in this work we argue that cell-kill response and tumoral growth should not be seen as separate and therefore are essential in a mathematical cancer model. This paper presents a mathematical model for sequencing of cancer chemotherapy and surgery. Our purpose is to investigate treatments for large human tumours considering a suitable cell-kill dynamics. We use some biological and pharmacological data in a numerical approach, where drug administration occurs in cycles (periodic infusion) and surgery is performed instantaneously. Moreover, we also present an analysis of stability for a chemotherapeutic model with continuous drug administration. According to Norton & Simon [22], our results indicate that chemotherapy is less eficient in treating tumours that have reached a plateau level of growing and that a combination with surgical treatment can provide better outcomes.

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Pós-graduação em Ciências da Motricidade - IBRC

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Pós-graduação em Estudos Linguísticos - IBILCE

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Produção Vegetal) - FCAV

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O presente estudo foi realizado na Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Passa-Cinco, onde existem elementos da paisagem de grande interesse ecoturístico, além de patrimônios naturais que, se preservados e aproveitados mediante ações de gestão ambiental serão potenciais agentes de desenvolvimento sustentável na região. Apesar da área possuir atrativos naturais como cachoeiras, corredeiras, cavernas, canions, lagos, paredões, mirantes, entre outros, indicando alto potencial de uso sustentável do ponto de vista ecoturístico, a região ainda não recebeu investimentos suficientes para que toda a diversidade paisagística seja usufruída. Portanto, este trabalho tem o objetivo de elaborar um Inventario Ecoturístico da Bacia do Rio Passa-Cinco, inserido nos municípios de Itirapina-SP e Ipeúna-SP, utilizando ferramentas de Geoprocessamento. Para tanto, realizou-se um trabalho de campo com visita aos locais que apresentam valor cênico considerável e potencial ecoturístico. Os locais identificados e visitados foram caracterizados usando fotografias, textos explicativos, tabelas e MDTs (Modelo Digital de Terreno). A integração destas informações constitui um Banco de Dados Geográfico Digital Georreferenciado (BDGDG) em ambiente ArcGIS 9.0, disponível em http://ceapla.rc.unesp.br/atlas/. Os resultados obtidos subsidiam ações de gestão ambiental, como o planejamento ecoturístico na bacia, favorecendo o desenvolvimento sustentável das comunidades envolvidas. Palavras-chaves: Bacia do Rio Passa-Cinco, Inventário Ecoturismo, Geoprocessamento, Banco de Dados Geográfico Digital Georreferenciado.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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This study aims at identifying the influence of soil surface roughness from small to large aggregates (random roughness) on runoff and soil loss and to investigate the interaction with soil surface seal formation. Bulk samples of a silty clay loam soil were sieved to four aggregate-size classes of 3 to 12, 12 to 20, 20 to 45, 45 to 100 mm, and packed in soil trays set at a 5% slope. Rainfall simulations using an oscillating nozzle simulator were conducted for 90 min at an average rainfall intensity of 50.2 mm h(-1). Soil surface roughness was measured using an instantaneous profile laser scanner and surface sealing was studied by macroscopic analysis of epoxy impregnated soil samples. The rainfall simulations revealed longer times to initiate runoff with increasing soil surface roughness. For random roughness levels up to 6 mm, a decrease in final runoff rate with increasing roughness was observed. This can be attributed to a decreased breakdown of the larger roughness elements on rougher surfaces, thus keeping infiltration rate high. For a random roughness larger than 6 mm, a greater final runoff rate was observed. This was caused by the creation of a thick depositional seal in the concentrated flow areas, thus lowering the infiltration rates. Analysis of impregnated soil sample blocks confirmed the formation of a structural surface seal on smooth surfaces, whereas thick depositional seals were visible in the depressional areas of rougher surfaces. Therefore, from our observations it can be learned that soil surface roughness as formed by the presence of different aggregate sizes reduces runoff but that its effect diminishes due to aggregate breakdown and the formation of thick depositional seals in the case of rough soil surfaces. Sediment concentration increased with increasing soil surface roughness, due to runoff concentration in flow paths. Nevertheless, final soil loss rates were comparable for all soil roughness categories, indicating that random roughness is only important in influencing runoff rates and the time to initiate runoff, but not in influencing sediment export through soil loss rates.