Adsorptive potentiometric stripping analysis of trace tamoxifen at a glassy carbon electrode

A highly sensitive adsorptive stripping procedure for trace measurement of the anticancer drug tamoxifen is described. The method is based on controlled adsorptive accumulation of the drug at an electrochemically treated glassy carbon electrode, followed by chronopotentiometric measurement of the surface species. The chronopotentiometric operation effectively addresses the large background contribution inherent to the glassy carbon electrode to yield a detection limit of 4 x 10(-10) M after 4 min preconcentration. The adsorptive stripping response is evaluated with respect to electrode type and conditioning, accumulation potential and lime, stripping current, pH, drug concentration, potential interferences, and other variables. Applicability to urine samples is illustrated. (C) 1997 Elsevier B.V. B.V.

Modifying glassy carbon (GC) electrodes to confer selectivity for the voltammetric detection of L-cysteine in the presence of DL-homocysteine and glutathione

In this communication we report a proof of concept study of the use of cyclic voltammetry with a polyeugenol-modified glassy carbon (GC) electrode to selectively detect L-cysteine in the presence of both DL-homocysteine and glutathione in perchloric acid. The formation of a polyeugenol-modified gold electrode is also reported for the first time.

Decolourization of anthraquinone reactive dye by electrochemical reduction on reticulated glassy carbon electrode

The electrochemistry reduction for the removal of Reactive Blue 4 (RB4) dye from aqueous solution using reticulated glassy carbon electrode is investigated. At pH < 8.0 the anthraquinone group of the RB4 dye are reduced in one cathodic step to hidroquinone after a reversible two-electron process involving a precedent two protons reaction. A stable semiquinone is detected by spectrophotometric technique. At pH > 8.0 the reduction process involves two reversible 2-electron steps, whose species are generated by a protonation equilibrium of anthraquinone group. The results shows that 60% of color removal was obtained after 3 hours of RB4 dye electrolysis at acidic and neutral conditions and only 37% at alkaline conditions. Simultaneously 64% of total organic carbon was removed after electrolysis at pH 2.0.

Study of electrochemical oxidation and determination of albendazole using a glassy carbon-rotating disk electrode

In this work, electrochemical oxidation of albendazole (ABZ) was carried out using a glassy carbon-rotating disk electrode. Development of electroanalytical methodology for ABZ quantification in pharmaceutical formulations was also proposed by using linear sweep voltammetric technique. Electrochemical oxidation is observed for ABZ at E 1/2 = 0.99:V vs. Ag/AgCl sat, when an anodic wave is observed. Kinetic parameters obtained for ABZ oxidation exhibited a standard heterogeneous rate constant for the electrodic process equal to (1.51 ± 0.07) ± 10 -5:cm:s -1, with a αn a value equal to 0.76. Limiting current dependence against ABZ concentration exhibited linearity on 5.0 ± 10 -5 to 1.0 ± 10 -2:mol:l -1 range, being obtained a detection limit of 2.4 ± 10 -5:mol:l -1. Proposed methodology was applied to ABZ quantification in pharmaceutical formulations. © 2005 Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved.

Surface study of vitreous carbon obtained from glassy carbon powder

This work presents a surface study of monolithic vitreous (or glassy) carbon - MVC - obtained from vitreous carbon powder. Defective MVC pieces are crushed in a ball mill and size classified by sifting. The MVC powder is mixed with furfuryl-alcohol resin and compacted in a mould using a hydraulic press. Samples with different powder granulometries are produced in this way and carbonized in a furnace under nitrogen atmosphere. Complete carbonization of the powder is achieved in only one day and losses due to breakage of the pieces is less than 5%. These results compare very favorably with respect to traditional MVC production methods where full carbonization may require up to seven days and losses due to breakage can be as high as 70%. After carbonization, samples are sanded and polished. Surface roughness and microstructure are characterized by light microscopy. Porosity is quantified from micrographs using ImageJ software and nanometric height variations are measured by atomic force microscopy. © 2012 Materials Research Society.

Voltammetric determination of ethyl acetate in ethanol fuel using a Fe 3+/Nafion®-coated glassy carbon electrode

A voltammetric method for the determination of ethyl acetate in ethanol fuel using a Fe3+/Nafion®-coated glassy carbon electrode (GCE) is proposed. The ethyl acetate present in the ethanol fuel was previously converted to acetohydroxamic acid via pretreatment with hydroxylamine chloride. The acetohydroxamic acid promptly reacted with the iron (III) present in the film, producing iron (III) acetohydroxamate, which presents a well-defined voltammetric peak current at -0.02 V. Optimization of the voltammetric parameters for the cyclic, linear sweep, square wave, and differential pulse modalities was carried out for this chemically-modified electrode. Square wave voltammetry afforded the best response for acetohydroxamic acid detection. The analytical curve for this species was linear from 9 to 100 μmol L 1 according to the following equation: ip (μA) = 0.27 + 2.55Cacetohydroxamic acid (μmol L 1), with linear correlation coefficient equal to 0.993. The technique presented limit of detection equal to 5.3 μmol L 1 and quantification limit of 17.6 μmol L 1. The proposed method was compared to the official method of ethyl acetate analysis (Gas Chromatography), and a satisfactory correlation was found between these techniques. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Electrochemical behavior of ruthenium-hexacyanoferrate modified glassy carbon electrode and catalytic activity towards ethanol electrooxidation

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Simple and direct potentiometric determination of potassium ions in biodiesel microemulsions at a glassy carbon electrode modified with nickel(II) hexacyanoferrate nanoparticles

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Sugars Electrooxidation at Glassy Carbon Electrode Decorate with Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes with Nickel Oxy-Hydroxide

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

An Electrochemical Sensor for Reducing Sugars Based on a Glassy Carbon Electrode Modified with Electropolymerized Molecularly Imprinted Poly-o-phenylenediamine Film

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Produção de eletrodos em carbono vítreo monolítico e reticulado a partir da resina furfurílica dopada com cobre

The glassy carbon is a material with a huge technological evolution. Due to its lightness, biocompatibility and their thermal and electrical properties this material finds applications in several industrial fields such as electronics, medical, aerospace and chemical. In order to explore the conductive properties of glassy carbon for use as modified electrodes, the present work aims the processing of monolithic and reticulated glassy carbon with colloidal copper for use in electrochemical applications. First, the best parameters for the cure of furfuryl alcohol resin doped were established through viscosimetry measurements and pressurized differential scanning calorimetry. The analysis of the micrographs of the cured resins show that copper concentrations above 3% weight, generate higher porosity in the material. The characterizations of the monolithic and reticulated glassy carbon resulting from carbonization were performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman and Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and although it was not possible to detect the presence of copper by SEM, the influence of these particles have been observed by Raman and FT-IR spectra and electrochemical behavior of the material. The decrease in conductivity of monolithic and reticulated glassy carbon in the presence of copper may be related to the defects caused by the presence of copper in the structure of the material.

A New Indirect Electrochemical Method for Determination of Ozone in Water Using Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Sol-gel thin-film based mesoporous silica and carbon nanotubes for the determination of dopamine, uric acid and paracetamol in urine

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Simultaneous Determination of Iron and Copper in Ethanol Fuel Using Nafion/Carbon Nanotubes Electrode

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Voltammetric sensor for simultaneous determination of p-phenylenediamine and resorcinol in permanent hair dyeing and tap water by composite carbon nanotubes/chitosan modified electrode

p-Phenylenediamine (PPD) and resorcinol (RSN) are hair dye precursors of permanent dyeing more used worldwide. The present work describes a simple and economic voltammetric sensor for simultaneous determination of both components in commercial hair dyeing and tap water at low concentrations. PPD and RSN are oxidized at + 0.17 and + 0.61 V vs. Ag/AgCl at glassy carbon electrode coated by composites of multiwall carbon nanotubes with chitosan (MWNTs-CHT/GCE), which anodic currents density normalized are 10% and 70% higher in relation to the unmodified electrode, respectively. The calibration curve for simultaneous determination of PPD and RSN showed linearity between 0.55 and 21.2 mg L-1 with detection limits of 0.79 and 0.58 mg L-1 to PPD and RSN, respectively. The relative standard deviations found for ten determinations were of 0.73 and 2.35% to 2.70 mg L-1, and 0.87 and 1.08% to 15.96 mg L-1 to PPD and RSN, respectively. The voltammetric sensor was applied to determination of PPD and RSN in tap water and commercial hair dyeing samples and the average recovery for these samples was around 97%. The products generated from PPD and RSN reaction such as was p-quinonediimine and bandrowski base were detected by LC-MS/MS and UV-vis spectrophotometry. (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier B.V.