Flexibility and torsional resistance of three nickel-titanium retreatment instrument systems

Aim To assess the dimensional characteristics, flexibility and torsional behaviour of nickel-titanium retreatment instruments. Methodology Using image analysis software and high-resolution digital images, the instrument length, tip angle, diameter at 3mm from the tip and the distance between the blades (pitch length) of the following eight instruments were measured (n=12 for each measurement parameter): the ProTaper Universal retreatment (PTU-R) D1, D2 and D3 instruments; the R-Endo R1, R2 and R3 retreatment instruments; and the Mtwo retreatment (Mtwo-R) sizes 25 and 15 retreatment instruments. Maximum torque and the angular deflection at fracture as well as the bending moment at 45° were measured (n=12) according to the International Standards Organisation (ISO) specification number 3630-1. Data were analysed using the analysis of variance (α=0.05). Results The length of the active part of the instruments was found to vary according to the depth of the canal into which they were designed to reach. The pitch length also increased along the active length. The PTU-R D1 and the Mtwo-R instruments had active tips. Measurements of the bending moment at 45° revealed that the Mtwo-R 15 instrument was the most flexible, whereas the PTU-R D1 was the least flexible. The maximum torque tended to increase as the instrument diameter at 3mm from the tip increased, whereas the angular deflection at fracture varied in the opposite direction. Conclusions The geometrical characteristics of the retreatment instruments and their flexibility and torsion behaviour were consistent with their intended clinical application. © 2011 International Endodontic Journal.

Antimicrobial effects of ozonated water on the sanitization of dental instruments contaminated with E. coli, S. aureus, C. albicans, or the spores of B. atrophaeus

Objectives: Ozone has been used as an alternative method for the decontamination of water, food, equipment and instruments. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of ozonated water on the sanitization of dental instruments that were contaminated by Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans and the spores of Bacillus atrophaeus. Methods: A total of one hundred and twenty standardized samples of diamond dental burs were experimentally contaminated with E. coli (ATCC 25922), S. aureus (ATCC 6538) and C. albicans (ATCC 18804) and the spores of B. atrophaeus (ATCC 6633) for 30min. After the contamination, the samples were exposed to ozonated water (10mg/L O3) for 10 or 30min. The control group was composed of samples that were exposed to distilled water for 30min. After the exposure to the ozonated water, 0.1mL aliquots were seeded onto BHI agar to count the colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL) of E. coli, S. aureus, and B. atrophaeus. Sabouraud dextrose agar was used to count the CFU/mL of C. albicans. The results were subjected to an analysis of variance and the Tukey test. Results: For all of the microorganisms studied, the ozonated water reduced the number of CFU/mL after 10 and 30. min of sanitization, and this microbial reduction was dependent on the duration of the exposure to the ozonated water. E. coli exhibited the greatest reduction in CFU/mL (2.72-3.78. log) followed by S. aureus (2.14-3.19. log), C. albicans (1.44-2.14. log) and the spores of B. atrophaeus (1.01-1.98. log). Conclusion: The ozonated water was effective in reducing the CFU of E. coli, S. aureus, C. albicans and B. atrophaeus spores, suggesting that ozonated water can be used for the sanitization of dental instruments. © 2012 King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences.

Dedilhado pianístico e suas relações com princípios técnicos e musicais

Pós-graduação em Música - IA

A leitura à primeira vista e o ensino de piano

Pós-graduação em Música - IA

The effects of auditory stimulation with music on heart rate variability in healthy women

OBJECTIVES: There are no data in the literature with regard to the acute effects of different styles of music on the geometric indices of heart rate variability. In this study, we evaluated the acute effects of relaxant baroque and excitatory heavy metal music on the geometric indices of heart rate variability in women. METHODS: We conducted this study in 21 healthy women ranging in age from 18 to 35 years. We excluded persons with previous experience with musical instruments and persons who had an affinity for the song styles. We evaluated two groups: Group 1 (n = 21), who were exposed to relaxant classical baroque musical and excitatory heavy metal auditory stimulation; and Group 2 (n = 19), who were exposed to both styles of music and white noise auditory stimulation. Using earphones, the volunteers were exposed to baroque or heavy metal music for five minutes. After the first music exposure to baroque or heavy metal music, they remained at rest for five minutes; subsequently, they were re-exposed to the opposite music (70-80 dB). A different group of women were exposed to the same music styles plus white noise auditory stimulation (90 dB). The sequence of the songs was randomized for each individual. We analyzed the following indices: triangular index, triangular interpolation of RR intervals and Poincaré plot (standard deviation of instantaneous beat-by-beat variability, standard deviation of the long-term RR interval, standard deviation of instantaneous beat-by-beat variability and standard deviation of the long-term RR interval ratio), low frequency, high frequency, low frequency/high frequency ratio, standard deviation of all the normal RR intervals, root-mean square of differences between the adjacent normal RR intervals and the percentage of adjacent RR intervals with a difference of duration greater than 50 ms. Heart rate variability was recorded at rest for 10 minutes. RESULTS: The triangular index and the standard deviation of the long-term RR interval indices were reduced during exposure to both music styles in the first group and tended to decrease in the second group whereas the white noise exposure decreased the high frequency index. We observed no changes regarding the triangular interpolation of RR intervals, standard deviation of instantaneous beat-by-beat variability and standard deviation of instantaneous beat-by-beat variability/standard deviation in the long-term RR interval ratio. CONCLUSION: We suggest that relaxant baroque and excitatory heavy metal music slightly decrease global heart rate variability because of the equivalent sound level.

A method for retrieving endodontic or atypical non-endodontic separated instruments from the root canal: a report of two cases

Aim: This clinical report presents a new method for retrieving separated instruments from the root canal with minimally invasive procedures. Background: The presence of separated instrument in root canal may interfere in the endodontic treatment prognosis. There are several recommended methods to retrieve separated instruments, but some are difficult in clinically practice. Case report: This study describes two cases of separated instrument removal from the root canal using a stainless-steel prepared needle associated with a K-file. Case 1 presented a fractured gutta-percha condenser within the mandibular second premolar, it was separated during incorrect intracanal medication calcium hydroxide placement. Case 2 had a fractured sewing needle within the upper central incisor that the patient used to remove food debris from the root canal. After cervical preparation, the fractured instruments were fitted inside a prepared needle and then an endodontic instrument (#25 K-file) was adapted with clockwise turning motion between the needle inner wall and the fragment. Conclusion: The endodontic or atypical nonendodontic separated instrument may be easily pull on of the root canal using a single and low cost device. Clinical significance: The methods for retrieving separated instruments from root canal are difficult and destructive procedures. The present case describes a simple method to solve this problem.

Real-time Sampling of Particulate Matter Smaller than 2.5 µm from Amazon Forest Biomass Combustion

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Validity of alcohol screening instruments in general population gender studies: an analytical review

The present study is an analytical review of the methodology used in studies of efficacy of screening instruments to detect harmful use/ alcohol dependence according to the gender in population surveys. Systematic review of bibliography was done, using data from Web of Science, Pubmed and PsycInfo. Population studies were included without date range, in English, Spanish or Portuguese languages, with sample of adults, evaluating psychometric characteristics of any alcohol screening instrument, whereas studies in special population or under treatment as well as prevalence of alcohol consumption were excluded. Thirteen studies were selected to be included in the present review. According to the studies, the instruments that presented a better performance among men were AUDIT and its derivatives (6 studies) and CAGE (2 studies), whereas among women, AUDIT and its derivatives (7 studies), followed by CAGE (3 studies). The increase of consumption and problems related to alcohol use and its implications for public health indicate the need and urgency for adequacy of screening instruments to differences of gender in general population. The population surveys in the area are scarce. Furthermore, the found studies present heterogeneous methodology which makes accurate comparisons difficult.

Desenvolvimento de equipamentos para o mapeamento de áreas infestadas por macrófitas aquáticas imersas

Foi desenvolvido um conjunto de equipamentos com o objetivo de mapear as áreas infestadas por macrófitas aquáticas, auxiliando operações de manejo mecânico, as quais são realizadas por uma colhedora desenvolvida especificamente para essa finalidade. O conjunto de equipamentos foi constituído por um GPS com programa de correção diferencial, acoplado a um palmtop, um sistema com dois teclados ligados em dataloggers e um transdutor de deslocamento linear LT. O GPS, através do palmtop, proporcionava o mapeamento da área de deslocamento, auxiliando o operador na movimentação da máquina, otimizando a operação e evitando, dessa forma, a sobreposição das faixas de coleta na área a ser manejada. Um dos teclados monitorava a movimentação e operação da colhedora, além da presença de obstáculos, como tocos e bancos de areia, enquanto o outro gerava dados sobre a presença de determinada espécie de planta, como E. densa, E. najas e C. demersum, além do nível de infestação destas plantas. O transdutor, instalado na plataforma frontal da colhedora, se movimentava linearmente, gerando informações sobre a profundidade da coleta realizada. Dessa forma, pôde-se observar que o desenvolvimento desse conjunto de equipamentos foi de grande utilidade e auxiliou a operação de controle mecânico de áreas infestadas por macrófitas aquáticas imersas, possibilitando, assim, o planejamento de operações de manejo e controle subseqüentes.

Estudos de confiabilidade e validade do questionário de respostas socialmente habilidosas versão para pais - QRSH-Pais

Constata-se uma carência de instrumentos que avaliem habilidades sociais de crianças da educação infantil, de modo a predizer problemas comportamentais e instrumentar ações preventivas, justificando a proposição de instrumentos. Objetivou-se testar propriedades psicométricas de validade e confiabilidade do Questionário de Respostas Socialmente Habilidosas para pais (QRSH-Pais). Foram avaliados por suas mães 131 pré-escolares, diferenciados em subgrupos com e sem problema de comportamento com base na Escala Comportamental Infantil (ECI-Pais e ECI-Professor). Procedeu-se aos estudos de validade discriminativa e concorrente e a verificação da consistência interna pelo alfa de Cronbach. Os resultados apontaram para indicadores positivos de consistência interna e validade discriminativa. Considera-se que o questionário está aferido para avaliação de habilidades sociais em pré-escolares, podendo ser utilizado em pesquisas de avaliação e de intervenção clínica controlada.

Eventos adversos: análise de um instrumento de notificação utilizado no gerenciamento de enfermagem

A direção de enfermagem de um hospital universitário terciário da região Centro-Sul do Estado de São Paulo, visando a segurança do paciente e o estabelecimento de meio de comunicação entre equipe e direção, implementou em janeiro de 2004 o Boletim de Notificação de Eventos Adversos. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a utilização deste instrumento de comunicação e identificar: frequência, tipo, natureza e período dos incidentes/eventos adversos. Realizou-se análise descritiva dos dados de 826 boletins elaborados no período de janeiro/2004 a junho/2006. Verificou-se adesão à utilização do instrumento. Predominaram notificações de ocorrências assistenciais, embora notificações administrativas tenham apresentado número crescente de registros. Eventos adversos mais frequentes relacionaram-se à medicação, quedas, cateteres, sondas/drenos e integridade da pele. A praticidade do instrumento viabilizou sua utilização também por auxiliares e técnicos de enfermagem. A análise sistematizada e acompanhamento dos eventos adversos associados aos recursos de comunicação mostraram-se fundamentais para a segurança do paciente.

Consulta de enfermagem: estratégia de cuidado ao portador de hanseníase em atenção primária

Objetivou-se analisar instrumento de consulta de enfermagem utilizado no atendimento de portadores de hanseníase e identificar as principais necessidades de saúde e as ações de enfermagem propostas. Fizeram parte desta pesquisa 37 usuários, sendo 27 em poliquimioterapia e 10 em seguimento pós-alta medicamentosa. A coleta de dados ocorreu no período de dezembro de 2003 a dezembro de 2006, por meio dos instrumentos de consulta de enfermagem - Caso Novo e Consulta de Seguimento, baseados no processo de enfermagem proposto por Horta com adaptações. Fez-se uso da estatística descritiva para a análise dos mesmos. Conclui-se que o instrumento foi potente na identificação de necessidades das diversas esferas que se relacionam ao processo saúde-doença, facilitando intervenções conjuntas com a equipe multiprofissional, contribuindo para a prevenção de agravos, especialmente das incapacidades físicas, com a melhoria da saúde dos indivíduos, bem como com a educação em saúde destes e de seus familiares.

Comparative study on the effect of ultrasonic instruments on the root surface in vivo

The present study was designed to investigate the effectiveness of different ultrasonic instruments on the root surface. Fourteen patients with 35 single root teeth designated for extraction were recruited to the present study. Teeth were assigned to four experimental groups: group 1, piezoelectric ultrasonic device; group 2, magnetostrictive ultrasonic device; group 3, hand instrumentation; and group 4, untreated teeth (control). After instrumentation, the teeth were extracted and the presence of residual deposits (roughness and root surfaces characteristics) were analyzed. The results showed that residual deposits were similar in all tested groups: piezoelectric, 8.7%; magnetostrictive, 9.7%; hand instrumentation, 11.1% and control, 76.4%. There were statistically significant differences between control and all the experimental groups (p < 0.0001). With respect to roughness parameters evaluation, R(a) and R(z) of the roots treated with the different instruments showed a similar pattern (p > 0.05), but for R(t) and R(y), a significant difference was observed (p < 0.05) among hand instrumentation and ultrasonic devices. SEM analysis revealed a similar root surface pattern for the ultrasonic devices, but curettes showed many instrumental scratches, deep gouges, and a relatively large amount of dentin was removed. Within the limits of the study, although the instruments produced similar results, root surfaces instrumentated with curettes were rougher and had more root surface tissue removed than with the ultrasonic device.

Flexibility and Torsional Strength of ProTaper and ProTaper Universal Rotary Instruments Assessed by Mechanical Tests

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

The Ability of Different Nickel-Titanium Rotary Instruments To Induce Dentinal Damage During Canal Preparation

The purpose of this study was to compare the incidence of dentinal defects (fractures and craze lines) after canal preparation with different nickel-titanium rotary files. Two hundred sixty mandibular premolars were selected. Forty teeth were left unprepared (n = 40). The other teeth were prepared either with manual Flexofiles (n = 20) or with different rotary files systems: ProTaper (Dentsply-Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland), ProFile (Dentsply-Maillefer), SystemGT (Dentsply-Maillefer), or S-ApeX (FKG Dentaire, La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland) (n = 50 each). Roots were then sectioned 3, 6, and 9 mm from the apex and observed under a microscope. The presence of dentinal defects was noted. There was a significant difference in the appearance of defects between the groups (p < 0.05). No defects were found in the unprepared roots and those prepared with hand files and S-ApeX. ProTaper, ProFile, and GT preparations resulted in dentinal defects in 16%, 8%, and 4% of teeth, respectively. Some endodontic preparation methods might damage the root and induce dentinal defects. (J Endod 2009;35:236-238)