Determination of macro- and micronutrients in plant leaves by high-resolution continuum source flame atomic absorption spectrometry combining instrumental and sample preparation strategies

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

DETERMINATION of SILICON IN LUBRICANT OIL BY HIGH-RESOLUTION CONTINUUM SOURCE FLAME ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY USING LEAST-SQUARE BACKGROUND CORRECTION and INTERNAL STANDARDIZATION

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Internal standardization and least-squares background correction in high-resolution continuum source flame atomic absorption spectrometry to eliminate interferences on determination of Pb in phosphoric acid

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Eficiência de vestimentas hidrorrepelentes novas na proteção do tratorista em pulverizações de agrotóxicos em goiaba com o turbopulverizador

Os objetivos do trabalho foram: quantificar as exposições dérmicas e respiratórias potenciais proporcionadas ao tratorista em pulverizações de agrotóxicos, na cultura de goiaba, com o turbopulverizador; avaliar a eficiência de duas vestimentas de proteção individual; avaliar a segurança e classificar estas condições de trabalho em seguras ou inseguras para cada agrotóxico considerado. A exposição dérmica potencial proporcionada ao tratorista pela condição de trabalho foi de 3.807,3 mL de calda/7h. A eficiência do conjunto de proteção individual Agro Light foi de 96,7 %, e a do Azeredo, 96,2 %. A exposição dérmica potencial nas regiões do corpo mais expostas do tratorista à pulverização, em ordem decrescente, foram os pés, os braços, as coxas+pernas-frente e o tronco-atrás. A exposição dérmica não-controlada pelos conjuntos de proteção individual foi igualmente distribuída em todas as regiões do corpo do tratorista devido aos controles das exposições dérmicas que proporcionaram às regiões mais expostas do corpo. Foram classificadas como seguras as pulverizações de três dos 17 agrotóxicos considerados e sete com o uso das vestimentas de proteção individual. As demais foram classificadas como inseguras.

Seletividade de produtos fitossanitários sobre o ácaro predador Agistemus brasiliensis Matioli, Ueckermann & Oliveira (Acari: Stigmaeidae)

Os ácaros predadores das famílias Phytoseiidae e Stigmaeidae constituem-se nos principais inimigos naturais de Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes) em citros. Este ácaro-praga causa sérios prejuízos na produção, devido à transmissão do vírus da leprose dos citros (CiLV). Apesar do grande volume de informações sobre a sensibilidade de ácaros Phytoseiidae a agrotóxicos, praticamente não existem informações sobre o efeito desses compostos em ácaros Stigmaeidae no Brasil. Sendo assim, o trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito dos principais agrotóxicos utilizados em citros sobre o ácaro predador Agistemus brasiliensis Matioli, Ueckermann & Oliveira (Acari: Stigmaeidae), em condições de laboratório. Arenas de folhas de citros da variedade Pera, contendo 25 fêmeas adultas de A. brasiliensis, foram pulverizadas em torre de Potter. Avaliaram-se as mortalidades dos ácaros 72 horas após a aplicação. O efeito dos produtos na reprodução do acarino e a viabilidade dos ovos também foram avaliados. Quanto à seletividade, conforme proposta da Organização Internacional para o Controle Biológico (IOBC), os produtos foram classificados como: classe 1 - inócuo (E<30%), acrinathrin, bifenthrin, carbosulfan, deltamethrin; 2 - levemente nocivo (30%deradamente nocivo (80%99%), calda sulfocálcica, cyhexatin, flufenoxuron, hexythiazox, óxido de fenbutatin, propargite, pyridaben e spirodiclofen. Estudos conduzidos em condições de campo ainda são necessários para se compreender melhor o efeito desses agrotóxicos sobre o ácaro predador.

Segurança no trabalho de preparo de calda no tanque de 2.000l do turbopulverizador com formulações líquidas de agrotóxicos registradas para a cultura de goiaba

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Use of strontium for bovine oocyte activation

Strontium efficiently activates mouse oocytes, however, there is limited information on its use in cattle. Thus, the objective of this study was to establish a suitable protocol for activating bovine oocyte with strontium. For pronuclear development, the absence of calcium and magnesium in the activation medium (TALP) with 10 and 50mM strontium (34.4 and 53.1%, respectively) was superior to the complete TALP (6.5 and 19.4%, respectively). In all activation media, better results were observed with 25 and 50 mM strontium (21.9-53.1 and 19.4-53.1%, respectively). Incubation for 4 h promoted similar results in all strontium concentrations. However, strontium at 15, 20, and 25 mM for 6 and 8 h (40.7, 46.7, and 48.3%, and 29.3, 48.3, and 40.7%, respectively) were superior to control (15.5 and 10%, respectively). After in vitro maturation for 26 h, strontium (S; 20 mM in Ca2+ and Mg2+-free TALP for 6 h), ionomycin + strontium (IS), and strontium + ionomycin (SI) (60, 63.3, and 65%, respectively) were similar in pronuclear development and superior to ionomycin (I; 5 mu M for 5 min; 36.7%). In treatments S and I, only 1 PN zygotes were observed. In treatment S, most of them had 1 and 2 PB (35.7 and 60.7%, respectively), and in treatment I, 0, 1, and 2 PB (14.3, 57.1, and 28.6%, respectively). Most of the zygotes in treatment IS and SI were 1 PN 2 PB (77.4 and 61.6%, respectively). The number of oocytes with clusters of cortical granules was similar in all treated groups (11-29%). Cortical granule exocytosis in treatment IS (68%) was similar to S (54%) and superior to 1, SI, and control (27, 45, and 5.0%, respectively). Cleavage and blastocyst rates were similar for S, I, IS, and SI treatments (61.7-76.7, and 8.3-13.3%, respectively) and the same was observed for ICM, TE, and total cell number, and ICM/total cell ratio (22-25, 64-69, and 86-95, and 0.26-0.27). In conclusion, strontium may be efficiently applied for bovine oocyte activation at 20 mM in Ca2+-and Mg2+-free TALP medium for 6 h.

Effects of histone hyperacetylation on the preimplantation development of male and female bovine embryos

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Produtividade da alface americana submetida a diferentes lâminas de irrigação

With the aim of minimizing the difficulties faced by the producers on cultivating the crisphead lettuce (Lactuta sativa L), specifically those related to the lack of technical information about the quantity of water to be applied, a study was made in order to determine the effect of various water depths on crisphead lettuce yielding characteristics. The experiment was carried out at the Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), from October to December 2008 in greenhouse. A randomized block design with five treatments and four repetitions was applied. The treatments, consisting of the five respective evaporation factors; , 0.30 EVm; 0.60 EVm; 0.90 EVm; 1.20 EVm; 1.50 EVm (evaporate depth), were done according to an evaporated depth of a reduced pan. The results showed that: The maximum commercial yield, 36.5 t ha(-1), was estimated by applying a 164.8 mm depth, which corresponded to a water reposition factor of 98 %; the highest water usage efficiency (962.45 kg ha(-1) mm(-1)) was attained when an irrigation depth of 50.10 mm (30%) was used.

Chromatin modifying agents in the in vitro production of bovine embryos

The low efficiency observed in cloning by nuclear transfer is related to an aberrant gene expression following errors in epigenetic reprogramming. Recent studies have focused on further understanding of the modifications that take place in the chromatin of embryos during the preimplantation period, through the use of chromatin modifying agents. The goal of these studies is to identify the factors involved in nuclear reprogramming and to adjust in vitro manipulations in order to better mimic in vivo conditions. Therefore, proper knowledge of epigenetic reprogramming is necessary to prevent possible epigenetic errors and to improve efficiency and the use of in vitro fertilization and cloning technologies in cattle and other species. Copyright © 2011 Fabio Morato Monteiro et al.

HDAC inhibition decreases XIST expression on female IVP bovine blastocysts

During initial development, both X chromosomes are active in females, and one of them must be silenced at the appropriate time in order to dosage compensate their gene expression levels to male counterparts. Silencing involves epigenetic mechanisms, including histone deacetylation. Major X chromosome inactivation (XCI) in bovine occurs between hatching and implantation, although in vitro culture conditions might disrupt the silencing process, increasing or decreasing X-linked gene expression. In this study, we aimed to address the roles of histone deacetylase inhibition by trichostatin A (TSA) on female preimplantation development.We tested the hypothesis that by enhancing histone acetylation, TSA would increase the percentage of embryos achieving 16-cell stage, reducing percentage of embryos blocked at 8-cell stage, and interfere with XCI in IVF embryos. We noticed that after TSA treatment, acetylation levels in individual blastomeres of 8-16 cell embryos were increased twofold on treated embryos, and the samewas detected for blastocysts. Changes among blastomere levels within the same embryo were diminished on TSA group, as low-acetylated blastomeres were no longer detected. The percentage of embryos that reached the 5th cleavage cycle 118 h after IVF, analyzed by Hoechst staining, remained unaltered after TSA treatment. Then, we assessed XIST and G6PD expression in individual female bovine blastocysts by quantitative real-time PCR. Even though G6PD expression remained unaltered after TSA exposure, XIST expression was eightfold decreased, and we also detected a major decrease in the percentage of blastocysts expressing detectable XIST levels after TSA treatment. Based on these results, we conclude that HDAC is involved on XCI process in bovine embryos, and its inhibition might delay X chromosome silencing and attenuate aberrant XIST expression described for IVF embryos. © 2013 Society for Reproduction and Fertility.

Supplementation with the histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A during in vitro culture of bovine embryos

Summary Trichostatin A (TSA) is a histone deacetylase inhibitor that induces histone hyperacetylation and increases gene expression levels. The aim of the present study was to establish a suitable condition for the use of TSA in in vitro cultures of bovine embryos, and to determine whether TSA would increase blastocyst rates by improvement of chromatin remodelling during embryonic genome activation and by increasing the expression of crucial genes during early development. To test this hypothesis, 8-cell embryos were exposed to four concentrations of TSA for different periods of time to establish adequate protocols. In a second experiment, three experimental groups were selected for the evaluation of embryo quality based on the following parameters: apoptosis, total cell number and blastocyst hatching. TSA promoted embryonic arrest and degeneration at concentrations of 15, 25 and 50 nM. All treated groups presented lower blastocyst rates. Exposure of embryos to 5 nM for 144 h and to 15 nM for 48 h decreased blastocyst hatching. However, the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling assay (TUNEL) assay revealed similar apoptosis rates and total cell numbers in all groups studied. Although, in the present study, TSA treatment did not improve the parameters studied, the results provided background information on TSA supplementation during in vitro culture of bovine embryos and showed that embryo quality was apparently not affected, despite a decrease in blastocyst rate after exposure to TSA. © Cambridge University Press 2011.

CD95 (FAS) e CD178 (FASL) induzem apoptose em células CD4+ E CD8+ do sangue periférico e esplênicas em cães naturalmente infectados por Leishmania spp: Kathlenn Liezbeth Oliveira Silva. -

Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal - FMVA

Estudo do mobiliário escolar durante o desempenho de atividades lúdicas por alunos com paralisia cerebral espástica / Franciane Teixeira de Oliveira. -

Pós-graduação em Educação - FFC