Efeitos da isoflavona sobre os sintomas climatéricos e o perfil lipídico na mulher em menopausa

OBJETIVO: avaliar os efeitos da isoflavona, do gérmen da soja, sobre os sintomas climatéricos e o perfil lipídico na mulher em menopausa. MÉTODOS: foi conduzido estudo prospectivo, com 50 mulheres em menopausa, divididas em: G1, usuárias de isoflavona (60 mg/dia) (n=25), e G2, placebo (n=25). Os critérios de inclusão foram FSH >40 mUI/mL e presença de fogachos. Foram excluídas as vegetarianas, fumantes, asiáticas, portadoras de doenças gastrointestinais e usuárias de terapia de reposição hormonal. No seguimento, de seis meses, foram obtidos o índice menopausal de Kupperman (IMK), o perfil hormonal e o lipídico. Na análise estatística, empregaram-se ANOVA, o teste t pareado e as provas não paramétricas de Wilcoxon e Mann-Whitney. RESULTADOS: os valores medianos do IMK, inicialmente iguais entre os grupos (IMK = 20), reduziram-se nas usuárias de isoflavona aos 2 e 4 meses (IMK = 14 e 9, respectivamente) e no grupo controle, apenas aos 2 meses (IMK = 15) (p<0,01). Ao final do estudo, a isoflavona foi superior ao placebo na redução dos fogachos (44% versus 12%, respectivamente). Aos seis meses, verificou-se que os valores médios de estradiol foram superiores no G1 quando comparados ao G2 (18,0 ± 6,7 versus 12,3 ± 3,8 ng/dL) (p<0,05), sem alterações no FSH e LH. Entre as usuárias de isoflavona, houve redução de 11,8% no LDL (de 151,5 ± 39,2 para 133,6 ± 26,4 mg/dL) e elevação de 27,3% no HDL (de 44,0 ± 11,3 para 56,0 ± 11,9 mg/dL) (p<0,05). CONCLUSÕES: a isoflavona, do gérmen da soja, induziu efeitos favoráveis sobre os sintomas climatéricos e o perfil lipídico, revelando-se opção interessante como terapêutica alternativa para mulheres em menopausa.

Effect of estrogen therapy, soy isoflavones, and the combination therapy on the submandibular gland of ovariectomized rats

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Chemical and antifungal investigations of six Lippia species (Verbenaceae) from Brazil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Flavonoid increase in soybean as a response to Nezara viridula injury and its effect on insect-feeding preference

The ability of the stink bug (Nezara viridula) to induce and/or increase production of chemical defenses, i.e., flavonoids, in immature seeds of five genotypes of soybean (BR-16, IAC-100, PI 227687, PI 229358, and PI 274454) was investigated under greenhouse and laboratory conditions. Samples from pods of each genotype damaged by stink bug were analyzed for flavonoid content with high performance liquid chromatography. A dual-choice test was conducted to evaluate the feeding preference of N. viridula comparing BR-16 pods treated with extracts of PI 227687 seeds (with and without stink-bug injury), with water-treated pods. Seeds of PI 227687 damaged by N. viridula presented the highest concentration (352 mug/g) of daidzin (4'-hydroxyisoflavone-7-glucoside). The same trend was observed with genistin (4',5,7-trihydroxyisoflavone-7-glucoside): PI 227687 contained 142.4 mug/g, PI 274454, 31.6 mug/g, and PI 229358, 38.9 mug/g. Seeds damaged by stink bugs had higher isoflavone contents (daidzin and genistin), compared to controls. However, after being damaged, PI 274454 and PI 229358 produced less genistin than the other genotypes and no differences in concentration between damaged and nondamaged plants of this genotypes were observed. The numbers of observations of the insect feeding and the numbers of stylet sheaths left in water-treated BR-16 pods were greater than in those treated with PI 227687 extracts. The insects fed for longer periods on BR-16 pods treated with extract of PI 227687 without injury compared to those that were treated with extract of PI 227687 previously injured by stink bugs. Extracts of PI 227687 pods ( damaged or not) were deterrent to adults of N. viridula, and insect injury increased concentrations of daidzin and genistin in PI 227687 seeds. The deterrence seemed to be more pronounced after pods had suffered stink-bug injury.

Effects of soy protein and resistance exercise on body composition and blood lipids in postmenopausal women

Objective: To assess the effect of soy protein and progressive resistance training on body composition and lipids in postmenopausal women.Design: In a controlled trial, 46 postmenopausal women were randomized to one of four groups: 25 g of soy protein (SP, n = 10), 25 g of soy protein plus resistance exercise (SPE, n = 14), 25 g of maltodextrine (placebo) (PL, n = 11), or placebo plus resistance exercise (PLE, n = 11). Progressive resistance training was held three times a week for 16 weeks and included 8 exercises (3 series of 8-12 repetitions). At baseline and after 16 weeks, body mass index, waist circumference (WC), body fat, muscle mass and serum lipid levels were measured. To confirm isoflavone absorption, urinary concentrations were determined. The t-test of Student and ANOVA were used in the statistical analysis.Results: Subjects were classified as overweight and showed android fat distribution: Urinary isoflavone excretion indicated compliance to soy protein treatment. After 16 weeks of intervention, both SPE and PLE groups showed a significant increase of 1.3 kg in muscle mass and reduction in WC of -1.4 and -2.1 cm, respectively (p < 0.05). Significant decreases in the mean values of total cholesterol and LDL (-29.0 and -24.0 mg/dL, p < 0.001 and p < 0.006, respectively) were observed in the users of soy protein alone (SP).Conclusions: Soy protein supplementation did not influence the indicators of body composition. However, it exerted possible favorable effects on lipid profile in postmenopausal women. The increase in muscle mass and reduction in abdominal fat were correlated with resistance training. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V.. All rights reserved.

Benefits of soy germ isoflavones in postmenopausal women with contraindication for conventional hormone replacement therapy

Objective: To evaluate the effects of isoflavones on vasomotor symptoms and blood lipids in postmenopausal women with contraindication for conventional hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Methods: This prospective, double-blind and placebo-controlled study included 50 postmenopausal women randomly divided into two groups: 25 women on soy germ isoflavones (60 mg per day, capsules) and 25 women on placebo. Inclusion criteria included: non-vegetarian, non-asian women whose last menstruation dated at least 12 months prior to the beginning of the study, With FSH > 40 mIU/ml, hot flushes and contraindication for HRT, not using tamoxifen or antibiotic and no disease of the gastrointestinal tract. For 6 months, the Kupperman menopausal index (KMI), the vaginal cytological maturation value (MV) and both hormonal and lipid profiles were assessed. The t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were employed to compare the two groups. Results: In both groups, a decreased KI rate was observed. However, isoflavone was significantly superior to placebo in reducing hot flushes (44% versus 10%, respectively) (P < 0.05). After 6 months, the isoflavone group showed increased estradiol levels with unchanged FSH, LH, and vaginal cytology, and a reduction of 11.8% in LDL and an increase of 27.3% in HDL (P < 0.05). In the placebo group, just a reduction in MV was observed after 6 months (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Soy germ isoflavone exerted favorable effects on vasomotor symptoms and lipid profile, showing itself to be an interesting alternative therapy for the postmenopausal women with contraindication for conventional HRT. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V.. All rights reserved.

Lignoids; flavonoids and polyketides of Virola surinamensis

From the seeds of Virola surinamensis, which were collected near Altamira and near Maraba, Para State, Brazil, the following substances were isolated by chromatographic techniques: two dibenzylbutanediol lignans, dihydrocubebin and the new dihydrocubebin monolaurate, two furofuran lignans, sesamin and asarinin, three dibenzylbutyrolactol lignans, cubebin, β-O- methylcubebin and α-O-methylcubebin, one dibenzylbutyrolactone lignan, hinokinin, one aryltetralin neolignan, galbulin, two tetrahydrofuran neolignans, galgravin and the new 4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxy-3,4-methylenedioxy- 8.8',7.O.7'-neolignan, one flavone, tithonine, one isoflavone, irisolidone, and two new polyketides, 3-hydroxy-1-(15-phenylpentadecanoyl)-2,6- cyclohexanedione and 1-(5-phenylpentanoyl)-2,6-cyclohexanedione. Different chemical constitutions of the fruits from the two localities were observed.

Fermented soy product supplemented with isoflavones affected fat depots in juvenile rats

Objectives: This study investigated the effects of soy product fermented by Enterococcus faecium and Lactobacillus jugurti supplemented with isoflavones on adipose tissue, blood lipid, and glucose levels on juvenile rats. Methods: Rats were fed a cholesterol-enriched diet for 3 wk as a preliminary treatment to create hypercholesterolemia. They were then fed a chow diet (HC), a chow diet plus fermented soy product supplemented with isoflavones (HCFI), a chow diet plus placebo (HCP), or a chow diet plus placebo supplemented with isoflavones (HCPI), respectively, for an additional 3 wk. Results: The beneficial effects of fermented soy product supplemented with isoflavones on epididymal (EPI) and retroperitoneal (RET) fat pads was likely due to isoflavones because adipocyte circumference (micrometers) in the HC group was significantly larger (EPI: 105.66 ± 13.36; RET: 134.95 ± 25.40) than that in the HCFI group (EPI: 93.17 ± 12.80; RET: 108.62 ± 15.50) and HCPI group (EPI: 93.06 ± 15.10; RET: 112.34 ± 18.21). The probiotic micro-organism accentuated the antilipogenic effect of isoflavones on RET (HCFI: 108.62 ± 15.50 micrometers versus HCPI: 112.34 ± 18.21 micrometers). Moreover, the fermented product increased glucose concentration similar to that in the chow group but did not change blood lipids. Conclusion: This product may offer new approaches to obesity prevention. © 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Chemoprotective activity of the isoflavones, genistein and daidzein on mutagenicity induced by direct and indirect mutagens in cultured HTC cells

Isoflavones are phenolic compounds widely distributed in plants and found in a high percentage in soybeans. They have important biological properties and are regarded as potential chemopreventive agents. The aim of this study was to verify the preventive effect of two soy isoflavones (genistein and daidzein) by a micronucleus assay, analysis of GST activity, and real-time RT-PCR analysis of GSTa2 gene expression. Mutagens of direct (doxorubicin) and indirect (2-aminoanthracene) DNA damage were used. Hepatoma cells (HTC) were treated with genistein or daidzein for 26 h at noncytotoxic concentrations; 10 μM when alone, and 0.1, 1.0 and 10 μM when combined with genotoxic agents. The micronucleus test demonstrated that both isoflavones alone had no genotoxic effect. Genistein showed antimutagenic effects at 10 μM with both direct and indirect DNA damage agents. On phase II enzyme regulation, the current study indicated an increase in total cytoplasmic GST activity in response to genistein and daidzein at 10 μM supplementation. However, the mRNA levels of GSTa2 isozymes were not differentially modulated by genistein or daidzein. The results point to an in vitro antimutagenic activity of genistein against direct and indirect DNA damage-induced mutagenicity. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.

Effects of soy isoflavones on mammographic density and breast parenchyma in postmenopausal women: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to evaluate the effects of soy isoflavones on breast tissue in postmenopausal women. METHODS: In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 80 women (aged ≥45 y and with amenorrhea >12 mo) with vasomotor symptoms were randomized to receive either 250 mg of standardized soy extract corresponding to isoflavone 100 mg/day (n = 40) or placebo (n = 40) for 10 months. Breasts were evaluated through mammographic density and breast parenchyma using ultrasound (US) at baseline and 10-month follow-up. Independent t test, analysis of variance, Mann-Whitney U test, and χ2 trend test were used in statistical analysis. RESULTS: Baseline clinical characteristics showed no significant differences between the isoflavone group and the placebo group, with mean (SD) age of 55.1 (6.0) and 56.2 (7.7) years, mean (SD) menopause duration of 6.6 (4.8) and 7.1 (4.2) years, and mean (SD) body mass index of 29.7 (5.0) and 28.5 (4.9) kg/m2, respectively (P > 0.05). The study was completed by 32 women on isoflavone and 34 women on placebo. The groups did not differ in mammographic density or breast parenchyma by US (P > 0.05). Within each group, the baseline and final moments did not differ in mammography or US parameters significantly (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The use of soy isoflavone extract for 10 months does not affect breast density, as assessed by mammography and US, in postmenopausal women. © 2013 by The North American Menopause Society.

Estudo da viabilidade sensorial do enriquecimento com ferro de vários produtos derivados de soja e a quantificação de seus teores em isoflavonas

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Avaliação do tecido mamário em mulheres na pós-menopausa usuárias de isoflavona da soja

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Efeito da isoflavona da soja e treinamento resistido sobre a composição corporal e densidade mineral óssea em mulheres na pós-menopausa

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Efeito do treinamento contrarresistência e isoflavona na densidade mineral óssea em mulheres na pós-menopausa

This study aimed to investigate the independent and additive effects of counter-resistance training (RT) and soy isoflavone supplement (ISO) on bone mineral density (BMD) and bone turnover in postmenopausal women. This study used a placebo-controlled, double-blinded (soy), randomized two (ISO vs. placebo) x two (RT vs. no RT) design. Eighty sedentary postmenopausal women, aged 45-70 years, were randomly assigned to one of four groups (71 completed a 9-month intervention): RT+ISO (n=15); no RT+ISO (n=20); RT+placebo (n=18); no RT+placebo (n=18). Participants randomized to ISO received 100mg/ day/oral of soy isoflavone; and those to RT attended supervised counter-resistance training sessions at least twice a week. At baseline and 9-month, BMD was estimated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Serum levels of C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX), osteocalcin, and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) were measured as bone turnover. ANOVA with time as the repeated measure and test t were used in the statistical analysis. After 9 months of intervention, neither ISO nor RT alone affected BMD at any site or levels of CTX, osteocalcin, and IGF-1 (p>0.05). ISO and RT had no additive effects on BMD and bone turnover. RT groups showed significantly increased muscle strength (+ 35.2%) (p=0.02). We found no additive effects of resistance training and soy isoflavone on bone mineral density or bone turnover in postmenopausal women after 9-months.

Genistein at Maximal Physiologic Serum Levels Induces G0/G1 Arrest in MCF-7 and HB4a Cells, But Not Apoptosis

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)