A systematic study of transfection efficiency and cytotoxicity in HeLa cells using iron oxide nanoparticles prepared with organic and inorganic bases

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Vibrational-rotational analysis of the Hulthen potential using hydrogenic eigenfunction bases

Hulthen's potential admits analytical solutions for its energy eigenvalues and eigenfunctions corresponding to zero orbital angular momentum stales, but its non zero angular momentum states are not equally known. This work presents a vibrational-rotational analy sis of Hulthen's potential using hydrogenic eigenfunction bases, which may be of interest and useful to students of quantum mechanics at different stages.

A Nova Lei de Diretrizes e Bases e a formação de professores para a educação básica

Este artigo mostra os dispositivos legais inclusos na Nova Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional (LDB), visando identificar, compreender e avaliar a intencionalidade de suas propostas para a adoção de posturas pertinentes. Contém observações que possam ser consideradas nos estudos e reflexões sobre os rumos dos cursos e programas de formação de professores para a educação básica.

Somente um deve vencer: as bases de recrutamento dos candidatos à Prefeitura das capitais brasileiras em 2008

Não é segredo para os estudiosos e é reconhecido pelos atores envolvidos no jogo político que o Prefeito desempenha importantes atividades, podendo influenciar o dia-a-dia da população, a relação com outras esferas de governo e as eleições gerais. Tomando como universo empírico os candidatos ao cargo de Prefeito das capitais brasileiras em 2008, procuramos identificar e analisar as bases de recrutamento desses concorrentes ao principal posto político do município. As interpretações correntes na literatura concentram-se sobre os vencedores da disputa eleitoral, deixando de lado os derrotados. O que os vencedores têm que os derrotados não têm? Seria o perfil dos vencedores diferente daquele encontrado no grupo dos derrotados? Com o propósito de oferecer uma contribuição aos estudos das bases de recrutamento dos membros pertencentes às elites locais, o texto está organizado em uma única seção, onde vamos discutir três dimensões: (i) gênero, faixa etária e naturalidade; (ii) nível de instrução, grupo profissional e mandato executivo e (iii) gastos com campanha e tamanho do patrimônio. Essas características podem ajudar a construir um perfil sociopolítico dos membros pertencentes aos grupos dos vencedores e dos derrotados nas eleições municipais de 2008 para o cargo de Prefeito das capitais brasileiras. Além disso, o estudo desses atributos pode indicar quais predominaram na disputa eleitoral, isto é, quais deles podem mostrar as características que circundam o processo seletivo dos integrantes do distinto grupo político.

Bases epidemiológicas para análise das más oclusões morfológicas como fatores de risco no desenvolvimento das desordens temporomandibulares de origem articular

Dentre as pesquisas empreendidas no campo da epidemiologia, um grupo específico aborda patologias de etiologia desconhecida ou não totalmente compreendidas. É dentro deste grupo que estão situadas as desordens temporomandibulares (DTM). Três estratégias observacionais básicas têm sido utilizadas para abordar o papel etiológico da má oclusão no desenvolvimento das DTM, dentro do repertório epidemiológico. São elas: estudos do tipo transversal, estudos de caso controle e estudos de coorte. Alguns experimentos clínicos são realizados com base na remoção do fator etiológico suspeito. Com base em uma revisão estruturada da literatura, a partir da metodologia empregada nos estudos selecionados, podemos concluir que a definição dos possíveis fatores etiológicos relacionados a subgrupos específicos de DTM é fundamental para que o papel das más oclusões no desenvolvimento destas desordens, embora pareça pequeno quando baseado nas evidências disponíveis, não seja subestimado. Pode ser útil a caracterização de uma oclusão normal como aquela associada como o menor risco para o desenvolvimento de problemas de DTM, mas é provavelmente inapropriada a aplicação destes parâmetros para reverter um problema intra-capsular já estabelecido. O conceito de uma oclusão de baixo fator de risco implicaria em um pequeno desvio entre RC e MIH, pequeno transpasse horizontal, transpasse vertical positivo e ausência de mordida cruzada posterior. Este conceito é compatível com o conceito de oclusão normal defendido por décadas, embora uma variação do normal ao invés de um critério absoluto deva ser permitida. Embora provavelmente seja prudente estabelecer metas morfológicas terapêuticas que busquem o que é observado em oclusões não tratadas julgadas normais ou ideais, o estabelecimento de uma oclusão que alcance todos os critérios gnatológicos, por meio de tratamento ortodôntico, talvez seja impossível e provavelmente desnecessário.

Análise da qualidade de adesão de diferentes bases de braquetes metálicos

Diante das diferenças existentes nas características das bases dos braquetes usados atualmente, objetivou-se neste trabalho comparar entre si três tipos de bases de braquetes metálicos (Monobloc, Equilibrium e Dynalock). Foram utilizados 36 pré-molares humanos, divididos em 3 grupos de 12 dentes. Os dentes foram incluídos em troquéis com gesso pedra tipo IV e posicionados com suas faces vestibulares perpendiculares à base do troquel. Todos os braquetes foram colados com o compósito Concise Ortodôntico e submetidos ao ensaio de cisalhamento em uma Máquina Universal com uma velocidade de 0,5 mm por minuto. O braquete Monobloc obteve o maior valor médio de resistência adesiva (x = 28,19 Kgf/cm²), sendo superior estatisticamente aos braquetes Equilibrium (x = 18,07 Kgf/cm²) e Dynalock (x = 18,24 Kgf/cm²). em relação ao ARI (Índice de Remanescente Resinoso), não foi encontrada diferença estatística entre os braquetes testados.

Formação de populações-bases de aves para corte. I. Avaliação de melhoramento genético disponível no mercado

The present work aimed at studying the effect of five doses of zinc (0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 ppm) in three levels of soil correction. A Dark-Red Latosol, clay texture, oryginally recovered by cerrado vegetation was used. Soybean was used as test plant, cultivated in green-house conditions. The zinc dose affected dry matter production of aerial parts and grain only in the treatments that received the corrective. The concentration of the element in the soil increased linearly with the dose application, and the critical levels in soil (90% of the maximal yield) were between 0.27 and 0.37 ppm of zinc in the treatments with the equivalent to 2.0 t/ha and 3.2 t/ha of lime, respectively.

Intercontinental transport of nitrogen oxide pollution plumes

We describe the first satellite observation of intercontinental transport of nitrogen oxides emitted by power plants, verified by simulations with a particle tracer model. The analysis of such episodes shows that anthropogenic NOx plumes may influence the atmospheric chemistry thousands of kilometers away from its origin, as well as the ocean they traverse due to nitrogen fertilization. This kind of monitoring became possible by applying an improved algorithm to extract the tropospheric fraction of NO2 from the spectral data coming from the GOME instrument.As an example we show the observation of NO2 in the time period 4-14 May, 1998, from the South African Plateau to Australia which was possible due to favourable weather conditions during that time period which availed the satellite measurement. This episode was also simulated with the Lagrangian particle dispersion model FLEXPART which uses NOx emissions taken from an inventory for industrial emissions in South Africa and is driven with analyses from the European Centre for Medium-RangeWeather Forecasts. Additionally lightning emissions were taken into account by utilizing Lightning Imaging Sensor data. Lightning was found to contribute probably not more than 25% of the resulting concentrations. Both, the measured and simulated emission plume show matching patterns while traversing the Indian Ocean to Australia and show great resemblance to the aerosol and CO2 transport observed by Piketh et al. (2000).

Thermal behaviour of polymetallic metal carbonyls with Fe-Fe, Fe-Hg and Hg-Hg bonds containing Lewis bases.

The thermal behaviour of polymetallic metal carbonyls containing Fe-Fe, Fe-Hg and Hg-Hg bonds and Lewis bases, such as [Fe-3(CO)(8)(L)(2)] (L = 1,10-phenantroline,2,2'-bipyridine), [Fe(CO)(4)(HgCl)(2)] and [Fe(CO)(4)(HgCl)(2)(L)(2)] (L = 1,10-phenantroline,2-quinolinethiol), have been investigated by thermal analysis (TG), Thermal studies give evidence that the thermal decomposition mechanisms and starting temperatures are strongly influenced by the Lewis bases. The thermal decompositions under synthetic air yielded, in all cases, the final solid product Fe2O3 which presence was confirmed by X-ray powder diffraction technique.

Intercontinental Differences in the Abundance of Solenopsis Fire Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): Escape from Natural Enemies?

The absence of natural enemies often allows exotic pests to reach densities that are much higher than normally occur in their native habitats. When Solenopsis fire ants were introduced into the United States, their numerous natural enemies were left behind in South America. To compare intercontinental fire ant densities, we selected 13 areas in South America and another 12 areas in North America. Sample areas were paired with weather stations and distributed across a broad range of climatic conditions. In each area, we measured fire ant densities at 5 preselected roadside sites that were at least 5 km apart. At each site, we also measured foraging activity, checked for polygyne colonies, and recorded various kinds of environmental data. In most areas, we also measured fire ant densities in lawns and grazing land. Fire ant populations along roadsides in North America were 4-7 times higher than fire ant populations in South America. Similar intercontinental differences were found in lawns and on grazing lands. These intercontinental differences in fire ant abundance were not associated with sampling conditions, seasonal variability, habitat differences, or the frequency of polygyny. Although several correlations were found with long-term weather conditions, careful inspection of the data suggests that these correlations were probably more coincidental than causal. Cultural differences in roadside maintenance may explain some of the intercontinental differences in fire ant abundance, but they did not account for equivalent intercontinental differences in grazing land and mowed lawns. Bait tests showed that competition with other ants was much more important in South America; however, we were not able to determine whether this was a major cause of intercontinental differences or largely a consequence of other factors such as the numerous pathogens and parasites that are found in South America. Because this study was correlational, we were unable to determine the cause(s) of the large intercontinental difference in fire ant abundance that we observed. However, we were able to largely exclude a number of possible explanations for the differences, including sampling, season, polygyny, climate, and aspects of habitat. By a process of elimination, escape from natural enemies remains among the most likely explanations for the unusually high densities of fire ants found in North America.

Unitary Operator Bases and Q-deformed Algebras

Starting from the Schwinger unitary operator bases formalism constructed out of a finite dimensional state space, the well-known q-deformed commutation relation is shown to emerge in a natural way, when the deformation parameter is a root of unity.

Zygomatic bone: Anatomic bases for osseointegrated implant anchorage

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to evaluate zygomatic bone thickness considering a possible relationship between this parameter and cephalic index (Cl) for better use of Cl in the implant placement technique. Materials and Methods: Cl was calculated for 60 dry Brazilian skulls. The zygo matic bones of the skulls were divided into 13 standardized sections for measurement. Bilateral measurements of zygomatic bone thickness were made on dry skulls. Results: Sections 5, 6, 8, and 9 were appropriate for implant anchorage in terms of location. The mean thicknesses of these sections were 6.05 mm for section 5, 3.15 mm for section 6, 6.13 mm for section 8, and 4.75 mm for section 9. In only 1 section, section 8, did mean thickness on 1 side of of the skull differ significantly from mean thickness on the other side (P <.001). Discussion: For the relationship between quadrant thick ness and Cl, sections 6 and 8 varied independently of Cl. Section 5 associated with brachycephaly, and section 9 associated with subbrachycephaly, presented variations in the corresponding thickness. Conclusion: Based on the results, implants should be placed in sections 5 and 8, since they presented the greatest thickness, except in brachycephalic subjects, where thickness was greatest in section 5, and in subbrachycephalic subjects, where thickness was greatest in section 9. Cl did not prove to be an appropriate parameter for evaluating zygomatic bone thickness for this sampling.