Relações entre ocorrência do Mal-de-Panama em bananeira da cv. Nanicão e nutrientes no solo e nas folhas

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo verificar se os sintomas incitados na bananeira cv. Nanicão, do subgrupo Cavendish, na região do Vale do Ribeira, estão relacionados com níveis de nutrientes no solo e nas folhas. Foram separadas 16 áreas na região, sendo a metade com plantas sintomáticas e a outra com plantas sadias. Nessas áreas, coletou-se a terceira folha de cinco plantas e o solo junto a essas mesmas plantas, nas profundidades de 0 a 20 cm e de 20 a 40 cm. em ambas as profundidades do solo amostrado, níveis de Ca, Mg, PO(-3)4, S e da capacidade de trocas catiônicas (CTC) foram significativamente diferentes entre as áreas, sendo que os valores baixos destes elementos estavam presentes nas áreas contendo plantas sintomáticas. em ambas as profundidades, o Mg, o Al e o H em relação à CTC foram significativamente diferentes entre as áreas, sendo que o valor baixo de Mg e alto de Al e H estava presente nas áreas com plantas sintomáticas. O N, K e S nas folhas foram significativamente diferentes entre as áreas. Estes elementos apresentaram valores baixos nas áreas contendo plantas sintomáticas. Apesar de algumas quantidades de macronutrientes do solo e das folhas estarem presentes somente nas áreas contendo plantas de Nanicão com sintomas semelhantes aos de fusariose, deve-se buscar comprovação de uma possível ocorrência da raça 4 do patógeno no Vale do Ribeira.

Inferência filogenética revela a complexa etiologia das manchas areolada e foliar em seringueira e em outras espécies cultivadas na Amazônia

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Reversibility properties of semigroup actions on homogeneous spaces

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Double sampling (x)over-bar control chart for a first-order autoregressive moving average process model

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Período de recuperação do investimento em bomba hidráulica de melhor rendimento em sistemas de bombeamento na tarifa horossazonal verde

Neste trabalho, ajustou-se um modelo matemático para quantificar o efeito da variação do rendimento da bomba hidráulica na variação dos custos de um sistema de bombeamento, na estrutura tarifária horossazonal verde (subgrupo A4) e o tempo de recuperação do capital investido no equipamento de maior rendimento. em seguida, o mesmo foi aplicado a um sistema de bombeamento para suprimento de um sistema de irrigação do tipo pivô central. As opções de rendimento da bomba hidráulica foram: 69,5% (bomba 1), 73% (bomba 2) e 78% (bomba 3), cujos custos de aquisição foram, respectivamente, R$ 6.176,00, R$ 8.479,00 e R$ 15.509,00. Os resultados da aplicação do modelo mostraram que: i) a substituição da bomba 1 pela bomba 2 foi viável, sendo o período de recuperação de capital 3,4 anos; ii) a substituição da bomba 1 pela bomba 3 foi viável, sendo o período de recuperação de capital 9,2 anos; iii) a substituição da bomba 2 pela bomba 3 foi inviável, sendo o período de recuperação de capital 21,1 anos superior ao período de amortização do investimento na avaliação econômica, considerado 15 anos.

Determinação das doses letal 50 e 100 do propofol em nanoemulsão ou em emulsão lipídica pela via intraperitoneal em camundongos

The formulation of a drug can interfere with its absorption into the circulatory system and may result in changes in the dose required to achieve that particular effect. The aim of this study was to determine the lethal dose 50 (LD 50) and 100 (LD100) of a nanoemulsion of propofol and the lipid emulsion in mice intraperitoneally. One hundred sixty animals weighing 36.47 +/- 4.6g, which were distributed randomly into two groups: NANO and EMU who received propofol 1% in the nanoemulsion and lipid emulsion, respectively, intraperitoneally. Began with a dose of 250mg/kg (n=10) and from this isdecreased or increased the dose until achieving 0 and 100% of deaths in each group thus formed were seven subgroups in NANO (each subgroup n = 10) at doses 200, 250, 325, 350, 400, 425 and 475 mg/kg and in EMU eight subgroups (n= 10 each subset) 250, 325, 350, 400, 425, 475, 525 and 575 mg/kg. In the CONTROL group (n= 10) animals received saline in the largest volume used in the other groups to rule out death by the volume injected. Analysis of LD 50 and LD 100 were obtained by linear regression. The LD 50 was 320, 95 mg / kg and 4243, 51mg / kg and the LD 100 was445.99 mg / kg and 595.31 mg / kg to groups NANO and EMU, respectively. It follows that nanoemulsion is propofol in 25% more potent compared to the lipid emulsionintraperitoneally.

Ximelagatran versus warfarin for prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism in major orthopedic surgery: systematic review of randomized controlled trials

INTRODUÇÃO: O ximelagatrano foi recentemente estudada para profilaxia do tromboembolismo venoso (TEV). OBJETIVO: Avaliar se o ximelagatrano comparado com a varfarina melhora a profilaxia do TEV em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia ortopédica do joelho. FONTE DE DADOS: Estudos randomizados identificados por pesquisa eletrônica na literatura médica, até 2006, cujos dados foram compilados no programa Review Manager, versão 4.2.5. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos três estudos randomizados bem conduzidos envolvendo 4.914 participantes. Foram definidos dois sub-grupos com dosagens diferentes de ximelagatrano (24 mg and 36 mg, duas vezes ao dia). O tratamento com ximelagatrano mostrou freqüência significantemente menor de TEV que o tratamento com varfarina, mas somente na dosagem de 36-mg [risco relativo, RR 0.72 ([intervalo de confiança, IC, 95% 0.64, 0.81), p < 0.00001]. A freqüência de TEV no sub-grupo de 24-mg foi similar a da varfarina [RR 0.86 (IC 95% 0.73, 1.01), p = 0.06]. Para TEV maior, embolia pulmonar, sangramento e sangramento maior não houve diferença entre varfarina e a ximelagatrano. Ao final do tratamento, a elevação da alanino-aminotransferase (ALT) foi menos freqüente no sub-grupo de 24 mg de ximelagatrano que no grupo da varfarina [RR 0.33 (IC 95% 0.12, 0.91) p = 0.03], mas no período de acompanhamento essa elevação foi maior com 36 mg de ximelagatrano [RR 6.97 (IC 95% 1.26, 38.50) p = 0.03]. CONCLUSÃO: O ximelagatrano foi mais efetivo que a varfarina quando usado em dosagens maiores (36 mg, 2 vezes ao dia), mas às expensas de aumento de enzimas hepáticas no período de acompanhamento.

Pancreas Transplantation Prevents Morphologic and Ultrastructural Changes in Pulmonary Parenchyma of Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats

Purpose. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether pancreas transplantation (PT) is a suitable method for controlling histopathologic changes in lungs of alloxan-induced diabetic rats.Methods. Sixty inbred male Lewis rats were randomly assigned to 3 experimental groups: NC, 20 nondiabetic control rats; DC, 20 untreated diabetic control rats; and PT, 20 diabetic rats that received syngeneic PT from normal donor Lewis rats. Each group was further divided into 2 subgroups of 10 rats each, which were killed after 4 and 12 weeks of follow-up. Clinical and laboratory parameters, fresh and fixed lung weights, and fixed lung volumes were recorded for all rats. Total number of alveoli, alveolar perimeter, alveolar surface area, and alveolar epithelial (AE) and endothelial capillary (EC) basal laminae thickening were randomly measured in 5 rats from each subgroup by using an image analyzer. For light microscopy, 250 alveoli were analyzed in each subgroup. For electron microscopy, 50 electron micrographs were examined for each subgroup.Results. The DC rats showed elevated blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin levels, with insulin blood levels significantly lower than the NC rats (P < .001). Fresh and fixed lung weights and fixed volumes were significantly reduced in these rats, although their proportions to body weight were increased at 12 weeks (P < .01). The total number of alveoli in diabetic rats was higher than in control rats, whereas alveolar perimeter and surface area were significantly diminished (P < .01). AE and EC basal laminae were significantly thicker in DC than in NC (P < .01). Successful PT corrected all clinical and metabolic changes in diabetic rats, with sustained normoglycemia throughout the study. Morphologic and morphometric changes observed in diabetic lungs were completely prevented in PT rats from 4 weeks after transplant.Conclusion. We conclude that PT can control morphologic and ultrastructural changes in pulmonary parenchyma, suggesting a promising perspective for preventing other chronic diabetic lesions.

TNF-308G > A Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Is Associated With Leprosy Among Brazilians: A Genetic Epidemiology Assessment, Meta-Analysis, and Functional Study

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Fatty acid composition of mid-trimester amniotic fluid in women of different ethnicities

Objective: To determine whether the fatty acid composition of mid-trimester amniotic fluid differs by ethnicity and pregnancy outcome. Methods: Fatty acid composition was analyzed by gas chromatography in 198 women undergoing amniocentesis at 15-19 weeks gestation. Cytokine levels were determined by ELISA in a subgroup of 52 subjects. Results: The major fatty acids detected were palmitic acid (31.8%) and stearic acid (31.5%). The n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), linoleic acid (LA, 18: 2) and arachidonic acid (AA, 20: 4), were 11.3%, while the n-3 PUFA fatty acids, alpha linolenic acid (ALA, 18: 3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22: 6), were 3.8% of the total. Palmitic acid was a higher percentage in Asians (40.5%) and Whites (34.5%) than in Blacks (22.2%) and Hispanics (23.7%) (p <= 0.0012). Oleic acid (18:1 n-9) was a higher percentage in Blacks (12.2%) and Hispanics (12.1%) than in Whites (9.2%) or Asians (7.5%) (<= 0.0002). LA and AA were higher in Blacks (9.0%, 5.4%) and Hispanics (8.6%, 4.1%) than in Whites (6.1%, 3.7%) and Asians (5.5%, 2.9%) (p <= 0.0002). DHA did not differ among the ethnic groups or according to pregnancy outcome. A reduced palmitic acid percentage was identified in the six women with preeclampsia (p = 0.0233). Tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels were inversely proportional to the palmitic acid percentage (p = 0.0275) and positively associated with the percentages of stearic (18:0) (p = 0.0132) and oleic (p = 0.0290) acids. Conclusions: Amniotic fluid fatty acid composition differed among the ethnic groups and may influence inflammatory mediator production and susceptibility to preeclampsia.

Artificial oocyte activation with calcium ionophore A23187 in intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles using surgically retrieved spermatozoa

Objective: To evaluate the effect of artificial oocyte activation (AOA) on intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles using surgically retrieved sperm.Design: Laboratory study.Setting: Fertility/assisted fertilization center.Patient(s): Couples undergoing surgical sperm retrieval for ICSI (n = 204).Intervention(s): Application of calcium ionophore A23187 for AOA.Main Outcome Measure(s): Cycles were divided into experimental groups according to the origin of the sperm used for injection and the type of azoospermia: [1] testicular sperm aspiration in nonobstructive-azoospermic patients (TESA-NOA group, n = 58), [2] TESA in obstructive-azoospermic patients (TESA-OA group, n = 48), [3] and percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration in obstructive-azoospermic patients (PESA-OA, n = 98). For each experimental group, cycles where AOA was applied (subgroup: activation) were compared with cycles in which AOA was not applied (Subgroup: control). The fertilization, high-quality embryo, implantation, and pregnancy rates were compared among the subgroups.Result(s): For patients undergoing TESA, AOA did not improve ICSI outcomes for either type of azoospermia. However, for cases in which the injected sperm were retrieved from the epididymis, a statistically significantly increased rate of high-quality embryos was observed with AOA.Conclusion(s): Artificial oocyte activation may improve ICSI outcomes in azoospermic patients when epididymal, but not testicular spermatozoa, are injected. (Fertil Steril (R) 2009;92:131-6. (C)2009 by American Society for Reproductive Medicine.)

Clinical features of obsessive-compulsive disorder with hoarding symptoms: A multicenter study

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Clinical features of tic-related obsessive-compulsive disorder: results from a large multicenter study

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Progression of nephropathy after islet of langerhans transplantation in alloxan-induced diabetic rats

We studied the effects of islet of Langerhans transplantation (IT) on the kidney lesions of rats with alloxan-induced diabetes. Forty-five inbred male Lewis rats were randomly assigned to 3 experimental groups: group Gl included 15 non-diabetic control rats (NC), group GIT included 15 alloxan-induced diabetic rats (DC), and group III included 15 alloxan-induced diabetic rats that received pancreatic islet transplantation prepared by nonenzymatic method from normal donor Lewis rats and injected into the portal vein (IT). Each group was further divided into 3 subgroups of 5 rats which were sacrificed at 1, 3, and 6 months of follow-up, respectively. Clinical and laboratorial parameters were recorded in the mentioned periods in the 3 experimental groups. For histology, the kidneys of all rats of each subgroup were studied and 50 glomeruli and 50 tubules of each kidney were analyzed using light microscopy by two different investigators in a double blind study. The results showed progressive glomerular basement membrane thickening (GBMT), mesangial enlargement (ME), and Bowman's capsule thickening (BCT) in the 3 experimental groups throughout the follow-up. These alterations were significantly more severe in DC rats at 6 months when compared to NC rats (p < 0.01). However, the degree of GBMT, ME, and BCT observed in DC rats was not statistically different from IT rats at 1, 3, and 6 months. In addition, Armanni-Ebstein lesions of the tubules (AE) and tubular lumen protein (PRO) observed in DC rats were also observed in IT rats all over the study. These lesions were never present in NC rats. We conclude that IT did not prevent progression of kidney lesions in alloxan-induced diabetic rats within 6 months after transplantation.

Long-term effects of insulin therapy, islet transplantation, and pancreas transplantation in the prevention of glomerular changes in kidneys of alloxan-induced diabetic rats

Groups of inbred alloxan-induced diabetic rats were treated with insulin (I), islets (IT), or pancreas transplantation (PT). Nondiabetic (N) and untreated diabetic (D) control groups were concurrently included. Each group was divided into five subgroups of 10 rats and killed after follow-up of 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Clinical and laboratory parameters were recorded, and kidney ultrastructural and morphometric analyses performed in each 12-month subgroup, namely glomerular basement membrane (GM) thickening, podocyte number, and number/extension of slit diaphragms (S). Rats from the I group showed poor metabolic control of diabetes compared with N group control rats. However, successfully transplanted rats (IT and PT) had complete restoration to normal levels for all metabolic parameters. GM thickening was significantly higher in diabetic compared with control rats. In contrast, the numbers of podocytes and slits as well as slit extensions were significantly decreased. Insulin therapy did not prevent any alterations upon comparison of diabetic vs control rats. Despite good metabolic control in IT rats, the degree of kidney lesion control never compared with that achieved in PT rats. In this group all glomerular changes were similar to the age-dependent lesions observed in control rats. We conclude that either IT or PT may be a good option for diabetes treatment, although pancreas transplantation seems to be the most effective treatment to control chronic complications.