Desenvolvimento de plantas de maracujazeiro-amarelo produzidas por enxertia hipocotiledonar em cinco porta-enxertos de passifloras silvestres

O experimento foi realizado em área de pequeno produtor fornecedor da Maguari (Kraft Foods do Brasil) em Araguari - MG, e teve por objetivo avaliar o desenvolvimento de maracujazeiro-amarelo propagado por enxertia hipocotiledonar, sobre cinco porta-enxertos de passifloráceas nativas. Os tratamentos utilizados foram cinco porta-enxertos: P. edulis f. flavicarpa, P. caerulea, P. alata, P. gibertii e P. cincinnata, e o maracujazeiro-amarelo de pé-franco como controle, totalizando seis tratamentos. Para todos os tratamentos, a variedade-copa utilizada foi o maracujazeiro-amarelo Cv. FB 200. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, com três repetições. A parcela foi constituída de uma fileira de 20 metros de comprimento contendo quatro plantas. A condução foi realizada conforme os tratos culturais recomendados para a cultura. As características avaliadas foram: altura das plantas, número de folhas, diâmetro da região da enxertia, diâmetro do enxerto, diâmetro do porta-enxerto, relação enxerto/porta-enxerto. As plantas de P. edulis f. flavicarpa, P. caerulea e pé-franco apresentaram melhor desenvolvimento. Já as plantas sobre o porta-enxerto P. alata não desenvolveram bem. Embora as plantas de pé-franco tenham superado numericamente o desenvolvimento das enxertadas sobre P. cincinnata e P. gibertii, não houve diferenças significativas entre eles. O porta-enxerto P. alata influenciou negativamente na altura das plantas, número de folhas, diâmetro da região da enxertia, diâmetro do enxerto, diâmetro do porta-enxerto e na relação enxerto/porta-enxerto.

Desenvolvimento e produção das plantas de maracujazeiro-amarelo produzidas por enxertia hipocotiledonar sobre seis porta-enxertos

O trabalho foi realizado no ripado e na área de Fruticultura do Departamento de Produção Vegetal da Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista (FCAV/UNESP), e teve por objetivo avaliar o desenvolvimento de maracujazeiro-amarelo enxertado por enxertia hipocotiledonar, sobre seis porta-enxertos de passifloraceas em Jaboticabal-SP. Foram utilizados sete tratamentos, sendo seis tratamentos com porta-enxertos: P. edulis, P. caerulea, P. alata, P. gibertii, P. coccinea, P. cincinnata e um tratamento com pé-franco de P. edulis. Para todos os tratamentos, a variedade-copa utilizada foi o maracujazeiro-amarelo 'FB 200'. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, com 03 repetições. A parcela foi constituída de uma linha de quatro plantas (20m lineares). A condução foi realizada conforme os tratos culturais recomendados para a cultura. As características avaliadas foram altura das plantas, diâmetro da região da enxertia, diâmetro do enxerto, diâmetro do porta-enxerto, relação enxerto/porta-enxerto, produção, número e peso médio de frutos. As plantas pé-franco apresentaram melhor desenvolvimento que as enxertadas, e as plantas do porta-enxerto P. caerulea foram as de pior desenvolvimento. Já as plantas do porta-enxerto P. coccinea apresentaram a menor velocidade de crescimento, apesar de bastante vigorosas.

Florescimento e produção de maracujazeiro-amarelo obtido por enxertia hipocotiledonar em Jaboticabal-SP e Araguari-MG

O trabalho foi realizado no ripado e na área de Fruticultura do Departamento de Produção Vegetal da Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista (FCAV/UNESP), em Jaboticabal-SP, e em área de pequeno produtor fornecedor da Maguari (Kraft Foods do Brasil) em Araguari-MG, tendo por objetivo avaliar o desenvolvimento de maracujazeiro-amarelo enxertado por enxertia hipocotiledonar, sobre seis espécies de Passifloraceas. Foram utilizados sete tratamentos, sendo seis tratamentos com as espécies: P. edulis f. flavicarpa, P. caerulea, P. alata, P. gibertii, P. coccinea, P. cincinnata e um tratamento com pé-franco de P. edulis f. flavicarpa. Para todos os tratamentos, a variedade-copa utilizada foi o maracujazeiro-amarelo 'FB 200'. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, com três repetições. A parcela foi constituída de uma linha de quatro plantas (20m lineares). A condução foi realizada conforme os tratos culturais recomendados para a cultura. As características avaliadas foram florescimento, produção, número e peso médio de frutos. em Jaboticabal-SP, o pé-franco apresentou melhor desenvolvimento e maior produção que as plantas enxertadas. em Araguari-MG, P. edulis f. flavicarpa, P. caerulea e pé-franco apresentaram melhor produção. Não houve diferença significativa no número de frutos, e o P. alata diminuiu, em relação aos outros porta-enxertos, o peso dos frutos.

A importância político-cultural do Levante das Estátuas nas Homilias sobre as Estátuas de João Crisóstomo

A sociedade romana produziu estátuas abundantemente, como argumenta Stewart (2003:118). As suas funções eram diversas e vários os seus propósitos. Neste artigo, buscaremos apresentar a importância político-cultural das estátuas imperiais na sociedade romana do século IV d.C. a partir da compreensão da gravidade dos acontecimentos ocorridos durante a deflagração de um levante que ficou conhecido, na historiografia, como Levante das Estátuas. Neste levante, estátuas imperiais foram destruídas. Para tanto, utilizaremos a documentação legada por um presbítero, João Crisóstomo, que pronunciou, tradicionalmente, 21 homilias que a historiografia vinculou ao Levante das Estátuas.

Increased implantation and pregnancy rates obtained by placing the tip of the transfer catheter in the central area of the endometrial cavity

The influence of endometrial cavity length (ECL) on implantation and pregnancy rates after 400 embryo transfers was studied prospectively in a population with the indication of IVF/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). The tip of the transfer catheter was placed above or below the half point of the ECL in a randomized manner. Two analyses were performed: (i) absolute position (AP); embryo transfers were divided into three groups according to the distance between the end of the fundal endometrial surface and the catheter tip (DTC - distance tip catheter): AP 1 (n = 212), 10-15 mm; AP 2 (n = 158), 16-20 mm; and AP 3 (n = 30), ≥21 mm. (ii) relative position (RP) - embryo transfers were divided into four groups according to their RP [RP = (DTC/ECL) × 100]: RP 1 (n = 23), ≤40%; RP 2 (n = 177), 41-50%; RP 3 (n = 117), 51-60%; and RP 4 (n = 83), ≥61%. Analysis based on relative distance revealed significantly higher implantation and pregnancy rates (P < 0.05) in more central areas of the ECL. However, analysis based on absolute position did not reveal any difference. In conclusion, the present results demonstrated that implantation and pregnancy rates are influenced by the site of embryo transfer, with better results being obtained when the catheter tip is positioned close to the middle area of the endometrial cavity. In this respect, previous analysis of the ECL is the fundamental step in establishing the ideal site for embryo transfers.

Human pythiosis, Brazil

Pythiosis, caused by Pythium insidiosum, occurs in humans and animals and is acquired from aquatic environments that harbor the emerging pathogen. Diagnosis is difficult because clinical and histopathologic features are not pathognomonic. We report the first human case of pythiosis from Brazil, diagnosed by using culture and rDNA sequencing.

Atributos químicos do solo e produtividade do milho afetados por corretivos e manejo do solo

A field experiment was carried out in the Lageado Experimental Farm belonging to the São Paulo State University - UNESP, Campus of Botucatu, SP, in a distrophic Nitosoil in 1997/98. The objective was to compare the effects of magnesium termophosphate; termophosphate + lime; termophosphate + phosphogypsum + sugarcane vinnace application on the chemical characteristics of the soil and on the corn (Zea mays L.) yield cultivated in no-tillage and conventional tillage systems. The Crotalaria juncea was cultivated as mulch-producing to make possible the establishment of the tillage systems. The mean modifications in the soil fertility were due to aplication of the magnesium termophosphate. The differences between the two tillage systems, related to crop productivity, were associated to the smaller N content in the corn leaf in the no-tillage system.

Incidência de malformações congênitas em crianças concebidas através de injeção intracitoplasmática de espermatozóides

Purpose: to evaluate the incidence and types of major congenital malformations (MCM) in liveborn children conceived by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Methods: a total of 680 liveborn children resulted from 511 couples submitted to ICSI from January, 1999 to December, 2002. Data collection of the children was performed through standardized questionnaire and clinical examination. Of the 511 couples, 366 had been contacted for a sampling of 371 gestations. Of the 680 liveborn, 520 had been evaluated, 250 of them (48.1%) through questionnaire and 270 (51.9%) through questionnaire and physical examination. Two hundred and fifty children were from singleton pregnancies and 270 from multiple pregnancies. Malformations were classified according to the 10th revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health. Only MCM were analyzed in this study. The incidence of MCM was compared with that of the general population obtained by the Latin American Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations. The statistical analysis was performed by the χ 2 test (level of significance p<0.05). Results: of the 520 children, 15 presented MCM, resulting in an incidence of 2.9%. There was no difference in relation to the control group (p>0.05), which showed 2.6% incidence of MCM. The most frequent malformations were of cardiac origin (four isolated and two associated), corresponding to 40% of the total. The other types of MCM were: renal (three), neural tube (two), skull (one), cleft lip (one), genital (one), Down syndrome (associated with cardiac malformations) (two), and musculoskeletal (one). Six MCM occurred in children from singleton pregnancies and nine in children from multiple pregnancies. Conclusion: the liveborn children conceived by ICSI presented incidence of major congenital malformations (2.9%) near to the expected for the general population (2.6%). However, to establish the risks of MCM with precision it is necessary to continue the evaluation of the children conceived by ICSI.

Determinação precoce do sexo fetal pela análise do DNA no plasma materno

Purpose: to verify the viability of early diagnosis of fetal gender in maternal plasma by the real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) starting at the 5th week of pregnancy. Methods: peripheral blood was collected from pregnant women with single fetus starting at the 5th week of gestation. After centrifugation, 0.4 mL plasma was separated for fetal DNA extraction. The DNA was analyzed in duplicate by real-time PCR for two genomic regions, one of the Y chromosome and the other common to both sexes, through the TaqMan® method, which uses a pair of primers and a fluorescent probe. Patients who aborted were excluded. Results: a total of 79 determinations of fetal DNA in maternal plasma were performed in 52 pregnant women. The results of the determinations were compared to fetal gender after delivery. Accuracy according to gestational age was 92.6% (25 of 27 cases) at 5 weeks with 87% sensitivity, and 95.6% (22 of 23 cases) at 6 weeks with 92% sensitivity. Starting at the 7th week of pregnancy, accuracy was 100% (29 of 29 cases). Specificity was 100% regardless of gestational age. Conclusion: real-time PCR for the detection of fetal gender in maternal plasma starting at the 5th week of gestation has good sensitivity and excellent specificity. There was agreement of the results in 100% of the cases in which male gender was diagnosed, regardless of gestational age, and from the 7th week of gestation for female gender diagnosis.

O emprego de hormônio luteinizante recombinante associado ao hormônio folículo-estimulante recombinante nos protocolos de estimulação ovariana com antagonista do GnRH

The purpose of this investigation was to verify the efficacy of recombinant LH supplementation for controlled ovarian stimulation in GnRH-antagonist protocol for assisted reproductive technologies cycles. Search strategies included on-line surveys of databases from 1990 to 2006. In this review and meta-analysis, the observed advantages for the LH supplementation protocol were a higher serum estradiol levels on the day of hCG administration and a higher number of mature oocytes. However, there were no differences observed in the total amount of r-FSH administered, days of stimulation, number of oocyte retrieved, the clinical pregnancy rate per oocyte retrieval, the implantation rate and miscarriage rate. This result demonstrates that the association of r-LH with r-FSH may prevent any decrease in estradiol after antagonist administration and a significant higher number of mature oocytes was obtained. Nevertheless, additional randomized controlled trials are needed confirm these observations.

Laser-assisted hatching of cryopreserved-thawed embryos by thinning one quarter of the zona

Laser-assisted hatching is little documented in the literature regarding its efficacy in cryopreserved-thawed (CT) embryo transfer cycles. The aim of the present study was to evaluate in a randomized manner the efficacy of thinning one quarter of the zona pellucida of CT embryos to a depth of 50-80% of the original thickness, via laser treatment (the qLZT-AH procedure), in improving implantation and pregnancy rates. Two populations were studied: population I, patients who had all their supernumerary embryos cryopreserved, regardless of their morphology, and population II, patients at risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome who had all their embryos cryopreserved. Artificial and natural protocols were used for the embryo transfers. A total of 350 laser-thinned CT embryos were compared with 352 intact zona embryos. No difference in implantation or pregnancy rate was found after using qLZT-AH in either population. These findings suggest that qLZT-AH should not be routinely performed in cryopreserved embryo programmes.