Conteúdos lúdicos, expressivos e artísticos na educação formal

A prática de atividades lúdicas ou o incentivo ao fluir expressivo e artístico são propostas que permeiam a Educação, desde a Antiguidade Clássica. Atualmente, a necessidade premente de atentar para a inclusão contextualizada dessas práticas, vem sendo convalidada pelas diretrizes propostas pelos Parâmetros Curriculares tanto das disciplinas de Educação Física, como da Educação Artística. Entretanto esse espaço, ainda sutil, merece enfoque mais incisivo, por meio de estudos mais aprofundados acompanhados de práticas direcionadas que convalidem sua relevância. Assim, este estudo, de natureza qualitativa, objetivou investigar se essas variáveis estão disponíveis dentro dos conteúdos disseminados pelos professores e se possuem um espaço destinado ou não dentro da Educação formal. Para tanto, foi realizado um estudo exploratório com trinta professores voluntários, de ambos os sexos, pesquisados in loco, com consentimento livre e esclarecido, das disciplinas de Educação Física e Artística, utilizando como instrumento, para a coleta de dados, um questionário com perguntas mistas. Os dados foram analisados descritivamente, indicando que é possível notar a presença do lúdico e da arte, em ambas as disciplinas; mediando os processos de aprendizagem. Além disso, que os professores utilizam amplamente desses recursos, no entanto, nem sempre, de forma consciente e contextualizada, e que, apesar da implantação dos parâmetros curriculares desde 1998, esse espaço ainda não está consolidado.

Distributed feedback multipeak laser emission in Rhodamine 6G doped organic-inorganic hybrids

Organic-inorganic hybrid materials were prepared from an ureasil precursor (ureapropyltriethoxysilane designated as UPTES) and acrylic acid modified zirconium (IV) n-propoxide. Thin films containing rhodamine 6G (Rh6G) were prepared by spin-coating on glass substrates with different Zr:Si molar ratios (Zr:Si = 75:25, 50:50 and 25:75). Refractive index, thickness, number of propagating modes and attenuation coefficient were measured at 543.5, 632.8 and 1550 nm wavelengths by the prism coupling technique. Distributed feedback (DFB) laser effect was observed and studied as a function of films thickness and refractive index.

Robust state-derivative feedback LMI-based designs for multivariable linear systems

In some practical problems, for instance in the control systems for the suppression of vibration in mechanical systems, the state-derivative signals are easier to obtain than the state signals. New necessary and sufficient linear matrix inequalities (LMI) conditions for the design of state-derivative feedback for multi-input (MI) linear systems are proposed. For multi-input/multi-output (MIMO) linear time-invariant or time-varying plants, with or without uncertainties in their parameters, the proposed methods can include in the LMI-based control designs the specifications of the decay rate, bounds on the output peak, and bounds on the state-derivative feedback matrix K. These design procedures allow new specifications and also, they consider a broader class of plants than the related results available in the literature. The LMIs, when feasible, can be efficiently solved using convex programming techniques. Practical applications illustrate the efficiency of the proposed methods.

The correlation between subordinate fish eye colour and received attacks: a negative social feedback mechanism for the reduction of aggression during the formation of dominance hierarchies

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Efficient Distributed Feedback Dye Laser in Silk Fibroin Films

We observed longitudinal single-mode operation in a distributed feedback dye laser consisting of silk fibroin films doped with Rhodamine 6G dye and infiltrated with silica or silver nanoparticles.

Oscillating holograms recorded in photorefractive crystals by a frequency detuned feedback loop

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Feedback-controlled running holograms in strongly absorbing photorefractive materials

We propose a mathematical model for the movement in absorbing materials of photorefractive holograms under feedback constraints. We use this model to analyze the speed of a fringe-locked running hologram in photorefractive sillenite crystals that usually exhibit a strong absorption effect. Fringe-locked experiments permit us to compute the quantum efficiency for the photogeneration of charge carriers in photorefractive crystals if the effect of bulk absorption and the effective value of the externally applied field are adequately taken into consideration. A Bi12TiO20 sample was measured with the 532-nm laser wavelength, and a quantum efficiency of φ = 0.37 was obtained. Disregarding absorption leads to large errors in φ. © 2000 Optical Society of America.

Comparative study of LMI-based output feedback spr synthesis for plants with different numbers of inputs and outputs

New Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMI) conditions are proposed for the following problem, called Strictly Positive Real (SPR) synthesis: given a linear time-invariant plant, find a constant output feedback matrix Ko and a constant output tandem matrix F for the controlled system to be SPR. It is assumed that the plant has the number of outputs greater than the number of inputs. Some sufficient conditions for the solution of the problem are presented and compared. These results can be directly applied in the LMI-based design of Variable Structure Control (VSC) of uncertain plants. ©2008 IEEE.

LMI-based digital redesign of linear time-invariant systems with state-derivative feedback

A simple method for designing a digital state-derivative feedback gain and a feedforward gain such that the control law is equivalent to a known and adequate state feedback and feedforward control law of a digital redesigned system is presented. It is assumed that the plant is a linear controllable, time-invariant, Single-Input (SI) or Multiple-Input (MI) system. This procedure allows the use of well-known continuous-time state feedback design methods to directly design discrete-time state-derivative feedback control systems. The state-derivative feedback can be useful, for instance, in the vibration control of mechanical systems, where the main sensors are accelerometers. One example considering the digital redesign with state-derivative feedback of a helicopter illustrates the proposed method. © 2009 IEEE.

H ∞ state feedback control of discrete-time Markov jump linear systems through linear matrix inequalities

This paper addresses the H ∞ state-feedback control design problem of discretetime Markov jump linear systems. First, under the assumption that the Markov parameter is measured, the main contribution is on the LMI characterization of all linear feedback controllers such that the closed loop output remains bounded by a given norm level. This results allows the robust controller design to deal with convex bounded parameter uncertainty, probability uncertainty and cluster availability of the Markov mode. For partly unknown transition probabilities, the proposed design problem is proved to be less conservative than one available in the current literature. An example is solved for illustration and comparisons. © 2011 IFAC.

Difusão do trabalho agrícola formal no Brasil e sua dinâmica multiescalar

This paper aims to analyze the geographical dynamics of work from the spread of formal employment in the agricultural sector in Northeast Brazil. In recent years the region has had highlighted a growing movement to produce fruit for export, resulting in the promotion of important sociospatial transformations arising from the formation of a capitalist labor market. Data about the increase in the number of formal jobs show the impact of fruit growing agribusiness in the establishment of a new social and territorial division of labor. However, our study draws attention to the existence of a framework dominated for the vulnerability of the labor market by the persistence of seasonality and precarious working conditions.

Grip and load force coordination in cyclical isometric manipulation task is not affected by the feedback type

Background: The relationship between normal and tangential force components (grip force - GF and load force - LF, respectively) acting on the digits-object interface during object manipulation reveals neural mechanisms involved in movement control. Here, we examined whether the feedback type provided to the participants during exertion of LF would influence GF-LF coordination and task performance. Methods. Sixteen young (24.7 ±3.8 years-old) volunteers isometrically exerted continuously sinusoidal FZ (vertical component of LF) by pulling a fixed instrumented handle up and relaxing under two feedback conditions: targeting and tracking. In targeting condition, FZ exertion range was determined by horizontal lines representing the upper (10 N) and lower (1 N) targets, with frequency (0.77 or 1.53 Hz) dictated by a metronome. In tracking condition, a sinusoidal template set at similar frequencies and range was presented and should be superposed by the participants' exerted FZ. Task performance was assessed by absolute errors at peaks (AEPeak) and valleys (AEValley) and GF-LF coordination by GF-LF ratios, maximum cross-correlation coefficients (r max), and time lags. Results: The results revealed no effect of feedback and no feedback by frequency interaction on any variable. AE Peak and GF-LF ratio were higher and rmax lower at 1.53 Hz than at 0.77 Hz. Conclusion: These findings indicate that the type of feedback does not influence task performance and GF-LF coordination. Therefore, we recommend the use of tracking tasks when assessing GF-LF coordination during isometric LF exertion in externally fixed instrumented handles because they are easier to understand and provide additional indices (e.g., RMSE) of voluntary force control. © 2013 Pedão et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

Effective synchronization of a class of chua's chaotic systems using an exponential feedback coupling

A robust exponential function based controller is designed to synchronize effectively a given class of Chua's chaotic systems. The stability of the drive-response systems framework is proved through the Lyapunov stability theory. Computer simulations are given to illustrate and verify the method. © 2013 Patrick Louodop et al.

Influence of visual feedback sampling on obstacle crossing behavior in people with Parkinson's disease

The purpose of the current study was to investigate the role of visual information on gait control in people with Parkinson's disease as they crossed over obstacles. Twelve healthy individuals, and 12 patients with mild to moderate Parkinson's disease, walked at their preferred speeds along a walkway and stepped over obstacles of varying heights (ankle height or half-knee height), under three visual sampling conditions: dynamic (normal lighting), static (static visual samples, similar to stroboscopic lighting), and voluntary visual sampling. Subjects wore liquid crystal glasses for visual manipulation. In the static visual sampling condition only, the patients with Parkinson's disease made contact with the obstacle more often than did the control subjects. In the successful trials, the patients increased their crossing step width in the static visual sampling condition as compared to the dynamic and voluntary visual sampling conditions; the control group maintained the same step width for all visual sampling conditions. The patients showed lower horizontal mean velocity values during obstacle crossing than did the controls. The patients with Parkinson's disease were more dependent on optic flow information for successful task and postural stability than were the control subjects. Bradykinesia influenced obstacle crossing in the patients with Parkinson's disease. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.

Active vibration control using delayed resonant feedback

Delayed feedback (DF) control is a well-established technique to suppress single frequency vibration of a non-minimum phase system. Modal control is also a well-established technique to control multiple vibration modes of a minimum phase system. In this paper these techniques are combined to simultaneously suppress multiple vibration modes of a non-minimum phase system involving a small time delay. The control approach is called delayed resonant feedback (DRF) where each modal controller consists of a modal filter to extract the target mode signal from the vibration response, and a phase compensator to account for the phase delay of the mode. The methodology is first discussed using a single mode system. A multi-mode system is then studied and experimental results are presented to demonstrate the efficacy of the control approach for two modes of a beam. It is shown that the system behaves as if each mode under control has a dynamic vibration absorber attached to it, even though the actuator and the sensor are not collocated and there is a time delay in the control system. © 2013 IOP Publishing Ltd.