Caracterização morfológica e química de frutos de rambutan

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Aplicação de danos mecânicos em abacates e seus efeitos na qualidade dos frutos

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Resistência genética em genótipos de feijoeiro a Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens

Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens (Cff) agente causal da murcha-de-curtobacterium em feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris), é um patógeno vascular de difícil controle. A doença foi detectada pela primeira vez no Brasil na safra das águas de 1995, no Estado de São Paulo. Por se tratar de uma doença de difícil controle, a resistência genética tem sido a melhor opção. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a reação de genótipos de feijoeiro à murcha-de-curtobacterium, frente a 333 acessos pertencentes ao banco de germoplasma de feijoeiro do Instituto Agronômico de Campinas (IAC). Oportunamente, foram selecionados genótipos de feijoeiro altamente resistentes e suscetíveis, com a finalidade de comparar a colonização de Cff no vaso do xilema a partir da visualização sob microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Os resultados da triagem da resistência genética em genótipos de feijoeiro indicaram a existência de variabilidade genética nas amostras dos 333 genótipos avaliados, ao isolado de Cff Feij 2634. Os materiais foram classificados em 4 grupos de resistência: 29 genótipos (8,7%) comportaram-se como altamente resistentes, 13 genótipos (3,9%) como resistentes, 18 genótipos (5%) como moderadamente resistentes e 273 genótipos (81%) suscetíveis. A partir dos resultados obtidos, cerca de 18% dos genótipos de feijoeiros, desde altamente resistentes à moderadamente resistentes, poderão ser úteis para o programa de melhoramento genético como fonte de genes para resistência a Cff. Através da microscopia eletrônica de varredura, foram observadas em genótipos altamente resistentes, várias aglutinações da bactéria envolvidas por filamentos e estruturas rendilhadas sob pontuações da parede do vaso do xilema, não verificados em genótipos suscetíveis, o que sugere a ativação de mecanismos de defesa estruturais e bioquímicos nas plantas resistentes.

Distribuição de macroalgas lóticas de uma bacia de drenagem no Parque Nacional da Serra da Canastra, Minas Gerais, Brasil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Ecological distribution of stream macroalgae in different spatial scales using taxonomic and morphological groups

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

The succession dynamics of a macroalgal community after a flood disturbance in a tropical stream from São Paulo State, southeastern Brazil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Basicladia emedii (Cladophorales, Chlorophyta): a new freshwater epilithic species from Brazil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Setting the preheating and steady-state operation of electronic ballasts, considering electrodes of hot-cathode fluorescent lamps

This paper presents a new methodology for the adjustment of the preheating process and steady-state operation of electronic ballasts intended for hot-cathode fluorescent lamps. The classical series-resonant parallel-loaded half-bridge inverter is the power stage analyzed in this paper. In addition, the preheating process is based on the imposition of a constant rms current through the electrodes, in order to provide a proper value of the R-h/R-c ratio before the lamp start. According to the proposed methodology, it is possible to set suitable operating points for, the electronic ballast, considering optimal conditions for the lamps electrodes. Therefore, the proposed methodology for setting the preheating and steady-state operation is a complete platform to the design of electronic ballasts for hot-cathode fluorescent lamps.

Area of Rests of Malassez in Young and Adult Rat Molars: Evidences in the Formation of Large Rests

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Morphometric and morphological analysis of neuromuscular junction alterations in the denervated rat diaphragm

The morphological and structural alterations that occur in the neuromuscular junctions of the denervated rat diaphragm were studied. Fifteen adult male albino rats (Rattus norvegicus) aged about 60 days and with a mean weight of 200 g were used. Chronically denervated diaphragms were obtained and the animals were sacrificed after 4, 8 and 12 weeks of denervation. The left antimere of the diaphragm was denervated by section of the phrenic nerve and the right antimere was used as control. Each antimere was divided into three fragments: one was used for histochemical (nonspecific esterase) and morphometric study of neuromuscular junctions, and the other two were used for transmission and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. Histochemical analysis of the diaphragm neuromuscular junctions after denervation showed only small changes in junction morphology. However, these junctions became smaller and elongated and presented less visible contours with increasing time of denervation. Ultrastructural analysis of neuromuscular junctions after 12 weeks showed more or less organized junctional folds on the muscle fiber surface. The junctional cytoplasm exhibited important alterations such as mitochondrial degeneration and the presence of numerous filaments. SEM revealed the presence of deep primary synaptic grooves with peripheral excavations which housed the nerve terminal boutons and exhibited internally the secondary synaptic clefts present among the junctional folds of the sarcolemma. This study showed that some of the morphological changes demonstrated in other denervated striated skeletal muscles are not repeated at the same intensity or in the same temporal pattern in the rat diaphragm.

Ultrastructure of spermatogenic cells and spermatozoa in Hoplias malabaricus (teleostei, characiformes, erythrinidae)

The differentiation of spermatids in Hoplias malabaricus is characterized by chromatin compaction, flagellum development, nuclear rotation, nuclear fossa formation, and excess cytoplasm elimination. In the resulting spermatozoon, the head is round and the nucleus contains chromatin compacted in thick filaments, peripherically arranged, to a central electron-lucent area. The acrosome is absent. The nuclear fossa is eccentric but not pronounced. The proximal centriole penetrates it and is oblique to the flagellum. The long midpiece has several converging elongate vesicles, forming membranous hoops in the initial segment of the flagellum, but has no cytoplasmic channel. The mitochondria are elongate and branched or C-shaped and located around the initial segment of the axoneme. The lateral flagellum does not show lateral projections. The ultrastructural characteristics of H. malabaricus spermatozoa are similar to the Cypriniformes. (C) 2001 the Fisheries Society of the British Isles.

Ultrastructure of Giardia duodenalis trophozoites group from hamster: some relevant aspects

Throphozoites of Giardia duodenalis group obtained from fragments or scratched of hamster's mucosa were examined by transission electron microscopy. The fine structure of the trophozoites are presented and comapred with those described for other animals. Some of the trophozoites present the cytoplasm full of glycogen, rough endoplasmic reticulum-like structures and homogeneous inclusions not enclosed by membranes, recognized as lipid drops, which had not been observed in Giardia from other animals. The adhesive disk is composed of a layer of microtubules, from which fibrous ribbons extend into the cytoplasm; these ribbons are linked by layer of crossbridge filaments that shows an intermediary dense band, described for the first time in this paper. The authors regard this band as the result of the cross-bridge filaments slinding in the medium region between adjacent fibrous ribbons, and suggest a contractile activity for them. The role of the adhesive disk on the trophozoite mechanism of attachment to host mucosa is also discussed.

Venom gland of Pachycondyla striata worker ants (Hymenoptera : Ponerinae). Ultrastructural characterization

Morphological data concerning the venom gland of worker ants of Pachycondyla striata revealed that this gland consists of three distinct regions: an external secretory portion, composed by a secretory filament that bifurcates in order to give rise to other two filaments; an internal secretory portion, represented by the convoluted gland; and a storage portion, represented by a sac-shaped reservoir. The ultrastructural analysis showed that the reservoir is enveloped by a simple pavementous epithelium, coated internally with a cuticle. The external secretory portion is composed by cells forming a simple cubic epithelium, in which the apical portion presents numerous microvilli while the basal portion of the cells shows infoldings of the plasma membrane containing numerous mitochondria. The convoluted gland possesses cells of irregular morphology with nuclei containing condensed chromatin, suggesting inactivity. However, these cells are in fact undergoing secretory activity, which is probably added to the final secretion produced by the gland. The cytoplasm of these cells contains several elements distributed therein, such as ribosomes and polyribosomes, lipid droplets, and protein inclusions in the form of crystals, thus Suggestive of protein storage, which would be used by the insect when metabolically required. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Phylogeny, ultrastructure, histopathology and prevalence of Myxobolus oliveirai sp. nov., a parasite of Brycon hilarii (Characidae) in the Pantanal wetland, Brazil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

General morphology and ultrastructure of the venom apparatus and convoluted gland of the fire ant, Solenopsis saevissima

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)