Aplicação da geologia de engenharia na redução de risco geológico urbano em Itapecerica da Serra - SP: estudo de caso

O município de Itapecerica da Serra, Região Metropolitana de São Paulo (RMSP), possui uma população de 162 mil habitantes e cerca de 150 km² de área. As características geológicas e geomorfológicas do seu território e o fato de localizar-se quase inteiramente em área de proteção aos mananciais que abastecem a RMSP implicam restrições ao uso do solo e à expansão da ocupação nos moldes em que vem ocorrendo. O diagnóstico das áreas de risco geológico do município foi uma das atividades implementadas para a execução do Plano Municipal de Redução de Riscos (PMRR) do município. O PMRR tem por objetivo apresentar os resultados da identificação e da análise das situações de risco geológico-geotécnico, criando propostas de intervenções estruturais para a sua eliminação e/ou redução, estimativas de custo e estratégias para a gestão de risco no município. O mapeamento do risco geológico foi realizado em 35 áreas, onde foram identificados 66 setores de risco englobando, 419 moradias, sendo 175 moradias em setores cujo grau de risco foi classificado como alto ou muito alto. As propostas de intervenção estrutural buscaram a aderência entre o processo geodinâmico atuante e a tipologia de intervenção sugerida para estabilização e controle. A definição de critérios para a hierarquização das intervenções propostas contribuiu para a inserção das propostas do PMRR no planejamento plurianual do município de Itapecerica da Serra.

Estudo comparativo para avaliação das falhas técnicas em radiografias convencionais de tórax

OBJETIVO: Especificar e quantificar as principais falhas técnicas, sejam elas eletrônicas ou mecânicas, presentes em radiografias convencionais de tórax, com o intuito de melhorar a sua qualidade e reduzir a necessidade da repetição dos exames e, consequentemente, a dose recebida pelo paciente. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Foram selecionadas e avaliadas por um pneumologista 897 radiografias convencionais realizadas ou em projeção posteroanterior ou lateral em cinco instituições de saúde da cidade de São Paulo. em cada uma delas foram feitas análises das falhas técnicas presentes, as quais foram classificadas de acordo com o erro técnico radiográfico pré-definido e que levou à repetição do exame. RESULTADOS: Os resultados obtidos mostraram que o posicionamento incorreto do paciente (27%), a subexposição (23%) e a superexposição (15%) foram as principais falhas que contribuíram para a repetição dos exames e que apresentaram, na matriz de coeficiente de correlação Pearson, um erro acima de 0,7%, ocasionando aumento da dose recebida pelos pacientes. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados observados indicaram a necessidade da realização de controle de qualidade dos aparelhos de raios X, a atenção do operador do equipamento, bem como outras abordagens para esclarecer o impacto da necessidade de repetição do exame.

Detecção de falhas em estruturas inteligentes usando otimização por nuvem de partículas: fundamentos e estudo de casos

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Metodologia integrada para mapeamento de falhas: uma proposta de utilização conjunta do mapeamento de processos com as técnicas FTA, FMEA e a análise crítica de especialistas

As falhas representam não conformidades nas atividades produtivas, de tal modo que pesquisas para seu controle e prevenção são, no mínimo, desejáveis. Na literatura sobre o assunto, observa-se uma gama variada de técnicas, porém, quase sempre, usadas isoladamente e, em poucos casos, no setor de serviços. Observando essa lacuna, propõe-se uma metodologia de Mapeamento de Falhas que integra diferentes abordagens que se complementam, aproveitando-se o potencial e o benefício de cada técnica para análise e controle de falhas. Para a consecução dessa proposta, efetuou-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica para conceituação e entendimento das técnicas utilizadas, um estudo e análise de integração dessas técnicas e, por fim, um exemplo real de aplicação em processo notarial de serviço, tema este ainda não explorado na literatura pertinente e, portanto, bastante auspicioso. Como resultado, observa-se uma ferramenta que permite uma visualização completa e objetiva das atividades desencadeadas pelos processos, seus pontos críticos e suas potenciais falhas, podendo ser aplicada com propriedade em empresas de prestação de serviços.

Importancia da Geologia na formacao cientifica dos estudantes de Primeiro e Segundo Graus

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Estrutura em quilha Brasil central, uma feicao fundamental na geologia de Goias e Tocantins

The older Precambrian geological setting of north Goias/south Tocantins includes three areas of granite-greenstone terrains formed of medium-grade gneisses with associated greenstone belts and nepheline syenitic gneisses, separated by two orogenic belts composing a crustal-scale pop-up structure. The movements were firstly oblique towards NW along the northwestern NNE-SSW-trending Porto Nacional suture, and afterwards of essentially frontal type towards ESE along the southeastern Ceres suture of curved geometry with N-S direction at north and WNW-ESE at the south. The Porangatu block, limited by these sutures, was upthrusted over the neighbouring underthrusted blocks. Three principal kinematic phases are recognized along the orogenic belts. -from English summary

Analise de desempenho de observadores de estado robustos na localizacao de falhas

The state observers can reconstruct and monitor unmeasurable states. A new concept of fault detection and isolation using state observers is presented. The method selects the parameters from components that may fail during the process and constructs optimized robust observers. To isolate component failures via robust observation, a bank of detection observers is organized, in which each observer is only sensitive to one specified component failure while robust to all other component failures. This paper analyzes the performance of transient and steady-state behavior of the state observer.

Cursos de geologia: expansão, interiorização e consolidação do ensino de geologia no brasil

A short time after the creation of the first Geology courses in Brazil (in 1957 with the pioneers in the University of São Paulo and in the Federal Universities of Ouro Preto, Pernambuco and Rio Grande do Sul, and then in the following year in the Federal Universities of Bahia and Rio de Janeiro), there arose other initiatives that spread almost twenty Geology courses throughout Brazil. In addition to expanding the Geology teaching in the South, Southeast and Northeast regions, these initiatives succeeded in allowing access to geological education for the population in the North and Central-west of Brazil. In the 1960s, the courses in the Federal University of Para in Belém (1964), University of Brasilia (1965) and São Paulo State University in Rio Claro (1969) were implanted. In the following decade, the courses in the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro in Seropédica (1970), the Federal University of Ceará in Fortaleza (1970), the University of Rio dos Sinos in São Leopoldo (1973), the Federal University of Paraná in Curitiba (1973), the Federal University of Minas Gerais in Belo Horizonte (1973), the Federal University of Amazonas in Manaus (1976), the Federal University of Mato Grosso in Cuiabá (1976), the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte in Natal (1976), and the State University of Rio de Janeiro in Rio de Janeiro (1977) were all created. At the close of the twentieth century, the course was implanted in the State University of Campinas (1998). Now, at the beginning of the twenty-first century, new Geology courses are being implanted, accentuating the movement inland of Geology teaching in Brazil. The Federal University of Pará began a new course in its campus in Marabá in the south-east of Pará and the Federal University of Bahia implanted a new course in its campus in Barreiras in the west of Bahia. Finally, the Federal Universities of Sergipe, Espírito Santo and Roraima commenced Geology courses in Aracaju, Alegre and Boa Vista, respectively. This chapter will present the synthesis of the Geology courses which, over the last decades of the twentieth century, contributed to the expansion of Geology teaching in the country, taking it to every region and giving opportunities to a large number of Brazilian citizens to realize their dreams and tread the paths of their professional vocation.

Caracterização das falhas de transferência na porção norte da Bacia de Santos a partir da integração de dados geológicos e geofísicos

Structures transverse/sub-transverse to the shoreline have been identified and characterized on the precambrian basement outcrop on the continent adjacent to the northern Santos Basin. These structures were analyzed from images of digital elevation model SRTM 90m by extracting NW-SE lineaments that intersect the NE-SW foliation. The lineaments were selected, classified into 48 segments that extend toward offshore, and correlated with basin structures. In the basin 25 2D seismic sections, 12 well logs and data from potential methods were interpreted, identifying the key stratigraphic levels and the major structures. Structural maps of each horizon were generated. Six transfer faults (FTs) were recognized and named FT-1 to FT-6, whose extensions correspond to continental lineaments named FC1 to FC6. The FTs are related to the basin deformation and evolution. In seismic sections, these faults have lateral slip in flower structures, displacement inversions from normal at the top to reverse at the base, abrupt changes in thickness or even disappearance of the seismic reflectors. The structural map of the Basement and Top of the Rift shows control of some depocenters by faults and displacements in some areas. The maps of potential methods indicate that there are pronounced anomaly shifts in some areas, associated with FTs. Some seismic sections indicate reactivation of FTs when they intersect horizons from the basement until the most recent layers. The 3D integration of data facilitated the observation of the FT extensions in the continent discontinuity.

Geologia e litogeoquímica da formação serra geral nos estados de mato grosso e mato grosso do sul

The basalts of the Formação Serra Geral in Parana Basin in the Mato Grosso do Sul and Mato Grosso states cover an area of 180,000 km2. They rest on the Botucatu sandstones and they are recovered by the sedimentary rocks of Bauru and Caiuá Groups. The mineralogical composition of these rocks are plagioclase (40%-55%), clinopyroxenes (19%-40%; augite and pigeonite), opaque minerals (2%-10%; magnetite and ilmenite) and olivine (1.5%). Geochemical data show two different types of basalts, named ATi-Pitanga (2.6% < TiO2 < 4.2%; 396 ppm < Sr < 438 ppm) and BTi-Ribeira (1.7% TiO2 <2.4%, 246 ppm < Sr < 286 ppm). In general, ATi-Pitanga have gently higher La/Yb(n) (6,1 ± 1,5ppm) than those BTi-Ribeira (5.6 ± 1,7ppm). The geochemical differences between ATi-Pitanga and BTi-Ribeira probably are related to different degrees of partial melt of a same mantle source, or to different mantle sources. The field relations show that BTi-Ribeira is displaced towards the north-western margin of the Paraná Basin and the thickness of lava flows increases towards the Paraná Graben, suggesting that ATi-Pitaga overlies BTi-Ribeira.

Avaliação radiográfica da aplicação do polímero de mamona em falhas ósseas induzidas em equinos

It was evaluated the radiographs alteration of the castor oil bean polymer applied for the filing of induced bone fault in horses. Five animals were evaluated, subjected to a local anesthesia and sedation, proceeding to a surgical induction of a hole in the radio bone, in both members with three centimeters depth perforations. It was used a drill of eight millimeters of diameter. The right member served as a control, without filling induced holes. The holes in left radio were filled with the commercial polymer derived from the castor oil bean. We evaluated the localized swelling and radiological aspects as: the establishment of scores for bone filling, sclerosis and a morphometric analysis of the sclerosis area, in 15, 45, 90 and 180 days of lesion evolution. There was more swelling in local members whose injuries were filled with polymer from castor oil bean. By comparison, the radiographic examination showed better bone filling in the gaps of members control. We concluded that the completion of castor oil bean polymer in bone holes induced in radio of horses, delayed the bone healing, in the radiographic evaluation.

Geologia e Caracterização Tecnológica do Minério de Manganês da Mina Córrego do Cocho, Itapira (SP)

The objects of this study are three manganese ore deposits and one mine derived from lateritic weathering of gondites (spessartine quartzites). These deposits are associated with Mn-rich garnet metasediments of the Itapira Group (Paleoproterozoic) and the reserves were estimated at approximately 2.0 × 10 6 tons with an average grade of 23% MnO 2. The ore minerals are cryptomelane, pyrolusite, lithiophorite, spessartine and psilomelane. Several crystal shapes and textural characteristics were identifi ed in this study, which are related to the degree of liberation, as confi rmed by heavy media separation method. In this study, we determined the main characteristics of the liberation of manganese, which is concentrated in the fi ne grain-size fraction and is lost during ore dressing. Therefore, the low average content of MnO 2 (28%) is due to this loss, whereas at grain size of minus 0.074 mm, contents near 40% MnO 2 were observed. This suggests that the ore can be used for manufacturing manganese sulphate fertilizers. A comparative study with the ore deposits located at Ouro Fino (MG), mainly with the Caneleiras mine, showed that higher degree of liberation occurs in the coarse grain-size fractions (0.84 to 0.074 mm with MnO 2 content of 38%). As a consequence, the ore can be used for manufacturing Fe-Si-Mn alloys.

Falhas reprodutivas associadas com a presença de do vírus da artrite-encefalite caprina, toxoplasma gondii e neospora caninum em caprinos no estado de São Paulo, Brasil

This study aimed at assessing the occurrence of antibodies against the caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV), Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum, as well as the associations between the presence of antibodies and the occurrence of reproductive failures in goats. Serum samples were collected from 923 goats of both sexes, over 3 months of age, from 17 dairy farms located in different municipalities of São Paulo State, Brazil. Infections by T. gondii, N. caninum and CAEV were evaluated by indirect methods of diagnosis based on indirect fluorescence antibody test (IFAT), Neospora agglutination test (NAT), and agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID), respectively. A survey was conducted on the farms to obtain information about reproduction dates (abortions, stillbirths and births of weak and premature kids) and zoosanitary management. Antibodies against CAEV, T. gondii and N. caninum was found in 37.81%, 23.62% and 17.23% respectively. There was no significant association between the presence of anti-CAEV antibodies and CAEV/T. gondii or CAEV/N. caninum co-infection, suggesting that CAEV does not predispose goats to infection by these agents. However, when CAEV/T. gondii (p<0.01) or CAEV/N. caninum (p<0.001) co-infection was present, the occurrence of reproductive failures was significantly higher what could indicate that CAEV-induced immunosuppression may predispose goats to develop the clinical symptoms of toxoplasmosis and neosporosis increasing the risks of the reproductive failures.

Otimização de controladores robustos de sistemas dinâmicos sujeitos a falhas estruturais

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Desenvolvimento e implementação de um sistema para detecção de falhas em estruturas usando microcontrolador

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)