O ser e o estar índio: produção de identidades entre kaingang e krenak, em Vanuíre

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Prospecção química e avaliação das atividades e alelopática de Myrcia bella Cambess

Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Botânica) - IBB

Estudo das condições de saúde bucal e avaliação da microbiota periodontopatogênica de uma população indígena brasileira

Pós-graduação em Odontologia - FOA

Experiências da colonização eslava no centro sul do Paraná (Prudentópolis, 1895-1995)

Pós-graduação em História - FCHS

Tão longe, tão perto: a identidade paraense construída no discurso da mídia do sudeste brasileiro

Pós-graduação em Linguística e Língua Portuguesa - FCLAR

Fatores de risco para doenças cardiovasculares: um estudo comparativo entre indigenas, brancos, pardos/negros que residem na cidade de Manaus

Pós-graduação em Fisiopatologia em Clínica Médica - FMB

Memória de onde, memória de quem

The spatial formation of Rio Claro city preserves several features of the problematic transition from the slave to remunerated labor in the late 20th, when the tacit ethnic bipolar sociability standard emerged, imprinting “black” and “white” forms to the city’s urban space. The ethnic social clubs José do Patrocínio and Tamoio, are two objects of ethnic groups’ exclusive use. Such ethnic social clubs indicate the existence of conflicts in their formation, as well as in their present existence, they are forms that preserve in themselves the codes and histories of the local black movement’s fight for their rights and for an autonomous place in the local society. In the present context the spaces are increasingly subjected to commercial interests and the spirits are embedded in confusion. What is the value of these spaces for the subjects who built them? The versions and narratives from oral accounts will allow us to understand the existing dimensions in the relation between the places and the memory, evidencing the importance of the patrimony and the patrimonial policies to the cities in the present historical period of geographic space globalization

Escola e questão racial: a avaliação dos estudantes

Pós-graduação em Serviço Social - FCHS

Memórias subterrâneas, histórias (re) visitadas: a contribuição metodologia da história oral em estudos de grupos étnicos

This article aims to reflect on the contribution of oral history in studies involving memory and identity of ethnic groups. Problematic issues here are part of the result of two recently completed researches, which consisted of reconstructing the memory of Afro-Brazilians from the methodology of oral history. These surveys were intended to transpose, into written language, memories transmitted by oral tradition and which was confined to family circles. The first was to investigate the process of identification and transmission of knowledge from a black cultural practice in the countryside of São Paulo (Piracicaba, Capivari, and Tietê), the Batuque of Umbigada, and the second to reconstruct the stories and culture of Afro-Brazilians in the city of Itu, São Paulo.

An ethnobotanical study of anti-malarial plants among indigenous people on the upper Negro River in the Brazilian Amazon

In this article we present the plants used for the treatment of malaria and associated symptoms in Santa Isabel do Rio Negro in the Brazilian Amazon. The region has important biological and cultural diversities including more than twenty indigenous ethnic groups and a strong history in traditional medicine. The aims of this study are to survey information in the Baniwa, Baré, Desana, Piratapuia, Tariana, Tukano, Tuyuca, Yanomami ethnic communities and among caboclos (mixed-ethnicity) on: a) plant species used for the treatment of malaria and associated symptoms; b) dosage forms and c) distribution of these anti-malarial plants in the Amazon. Information was obtained through classical ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological methods from interviews with 146 informants in Santa Isabel municipality on the upper Negro River, Brazil. Fifty-five mainly native neotropical plant species from 34 families were in use. The detailed uses of these plants were documented. The result was 187 records (64.4%) of plants for the specific treatment of malaria, 51 records (17.5%) of plants used in the treatment of liver problems and 28 records (9.6%) of plants used in the control of fevers associated with malaria. Other uses described were blood fortification ('dar sangue'), headache and prophylaxis. Most of the therapeutic preparations were decoctions and infusions based on stem bark, root bark and leaves. These were administered by mouth. In some cases, remedies were prepared with up to three different plant species. Also, plants were used together with other ingredients such as insects, mammals, gunpowder and milk. This is the first study on the anti-malarial plants from this region of the Amazon. Aspidosperma spp. and Ampelozizyphus amazonicus Ducke were the most cited species in the communities surveyed. These species have experimental proof supporting their anti-malarial efficacy. The dosage of the therapeutic preparations depends on the kind of plant, quantity of plant material available, the patient's age (children and adults) and the local expert. The treatment time varies from a single dose to up to several weeks. Most anti-malarial plants are domesticated or grow spontaneously. They are grown in home gardens, open areas near the communities, clearings and secondary forests, and wild species grow in areas of seasonally flooded wetlands and terra firme (solid ground) forest, in some cases in locations that are hard to access. Traditional knowledge of plants was found to be falling into disuse presumably as a consequence of the local official health services that treat malaria in the communities using commercial drugs. Despite this, some species are used in the prevention of this disease and also in the recovery after using conventional anti-malarial drugs.

Antiproliferative activity of cardenolide glycosides from Asclepias subulata

Asclepias subulata Decne. is a shrub occurring in Sonora-Arizona desert (Mexico-USA). The ethnic groups, Seris and Pimas, use this plant for the treatment of sore eyes, gastrointestinal disorders and cancer. To isolate the compounds responsible for antiproliferative activity of the methanol extract of A. subulata. A bioguided fractionation of methanol extract of A. subulata was performed using MTT assay to measure the antiproliferative activity of different compounds on three human cancer cell lines (A549, LS 180 and PC-3), one murine cancer cell line (RAW 264.7) and one human normal cell line (ARPE-19). The methanol extract was partitioned with hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol. The active fractions, ethanol and residual, were fractioned by silica-column chromatography and active sub-fractions were separated using HPLC. The chemical structures of isolated compounds were elucidated with different chemical and spectroscopic methods. A new cardenolide glycoside, 12, 16-dihydroxycalotropin, and three known, calotropin, corotoxigenin 3-O-glucopyranoside and desglucouzarin, were isolated of active sub-fractions. All isolated compounds showed a strong antiproliferative activity in human cancer cells. Calotropin was the more active with IC50 values of 0.0013, 0.06 and 0.41 µM on A549, LS 180 and PC-3 cell lines, respectively; while 12, 16-dihydroxycalotropin reached values of 2.48, 5.62 and 11.70 µM, on the same cells; corotoxigenin 3-O-glucopyranoside had IC50 of 2.64, 3.15 and 6.62 µM and desglucouzarin showed values of 0.90, 6.57 and 6.62, µM. Doxorubicin, positive control, showed IC50 values of 1.78, 6.99 and 3.18 µM, respectively. The isolated compounds had a weak effect on murine cancer cells and human normal cells, exhibiting selectivity to human cancer cells. In this study, we found that 12, 16-dihydroxicalotropin, calotropin, corotoxigenin 3-O-glucopyranoside and desglucouzarin are responsible of antiproliferative properties of A. subulata, and that these compounds are highly selective to human cancer cells. Further studies are needed in order to establish the action mechanisms of the isolated compounds.

Associação entre os polimorfismos do gene BCMO1 (β-caroteno 15,15'-monooxigenase 1) e as concentrações séricas de β-caroteno e retinol em diferentes etnias brasileiras

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Evaluation of oral health in a community of native brazilians of the umutina reservation, Mato Grosso State

Fundação do Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Necessidades de tratamento odontológico entre nativos brasileiros da reserva indígena Umutina, Estado do Mato Grosso

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Desenvolvimento de métodos cromatográficos para a padronização do extrato de Eugenia speciosa Cambess

The use of medicinal plants is common in many Brazil's ethnic groups, because the diversity of plant species in the country is large. But the utilization of these plants as standardized herbal doesn't occur with de same frequency, due the lack of studies related to these therapies, classified as alternatives. Due to the high cost of some synthetic medicines for the treatment of chronic diseases, phytotherapy is a low-cost alternative and efficient, since the phytomedication has proven scientific studies and its production meets strict criteria for manufacturing and quality control to ensure its safety and efficacy. Among the medicinal species used for the treatment of chronic diseases, such as pain and inflammation, is Eugenia speciosa Cambess, popularly known as the bush laranjinha. Against this context, this paper held preliminary studies and developed the chromatographic profile of the hydroalcoholic extract of the leaves of E. speciosa by High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled to photodiode array detector (CLAE-DAD). Preliminary qualitative results and the chromatographic profile have identified some metabolites classes present and some constituent as: homogentisic acid, homorientina, isovitexin and quercetrin