440 resultados para Esgotos Tratamento
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Ps-graduao em Engenharia Civil - FEIS
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientfico e Tecnolgico (CNPq)
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Este trabalho apresenta os resultados da aplicao do mtodo geofsico de eletrorresistividade, especificamente das tcnicas de sondagem eltrica vertical e caminhamento eltrico, no estudo de campo experimental, monitorado pela Escola Superior de Agronomia Luis de Queiroz ESALQ, irrigado por efluentes gerados em lagoas de estabilizao do tipo aerbica-facultativa na ETE (Estao de Tratamento de Esgotos) da SABESP, no municpio de Lins (SP). Palavras-chave: Caminhamento eltrico, sondagem eltrica vertical, efluentes, fertilizao, pluma de contaminao.
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The anaerobic treatment of sewage is widely employed in Brazil and it is an appreciated way for the treatment of effluents, helping to reduce the environmental impact in rivers. The methane gas obtained from the process can be applied to improve the energetic efficiency of the system, reducing the amount of waste and the cost of the treatment process. This work presents the net energy balance of anaerobic reactors applied to the treatment of sewage. The analysis was performed considering full-scale and laboratory-scale treatment systems. In laboratory scale, the results from three kinds of systems were compared regarding the biological treatment of greywater. Two of them (UASB7 and UASB12) were anaerobic and the other one was a combined anaerobic-aerobic system (UASB7/SBR6). Greywater methanization (compared to theoretical maximum) was calculated considering 100% removal (g BOD/day), the literature percentage removal and the anionic surfactant presence in the effluentt. For each of these three cases, the efficiencies were, respectively, 16.9%, 43.6% and 51.3% in UASB7 reactor, 25.6%, 50.3% and 59.2% in UASB12 reactor and 30.6%, 61.2% and 71.9% in UASB7/SBR6 reactor. The energetic potential was found to be 4.66x10-4, 7.77x10-4 and 5.12x10-4 kWh/L for the UASB7, UASB12 and UASB7/SBR6 reactors, respectively. The pumping system, the aeration (in the anaerobic-aerobic system) and the temperature controlled heating system were considered to calculate the energetic consumption. However, the third one was not employed since tropical regions like Brazil do not need heating systems and also because of its high energetic consumption. The calculated net energy balance in the reactors was negative in the case of greywater, respectively -0.16, -0.28 and -0.18 kWh/L for the reactors UASB7, UASB12 and UASB7/SRB6. In full scale (ETE Jardim das Flores - Rio Claro, SP), the average energy... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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The actual work broaches a study about the collection and treatment of sanitary sewage from the municipality of Ubatuba in its operational aspects and the tariff policy from the service. Themes related to the subject like the history of collection and treatment of sewage, its development in Brazil and its importance for public health and environmental preservation, as well as historical and geographical aspects of Ubatuba/SP, are present in the literature review. The methodology consists in guided visit in the colletion and treatment of sewage facilities and interview with technical managers. With the technical data obtained, it is made a discussion of the results and possible recommendations
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The purpose of this project is to verify whether anaerobic reactors applied to sewage treatment are energetically self-sufficient. This evaluation can be made by balancing the methane produced through the anaerobic transformation stages (hydrolysis, acidogenesis, acetogenesis and methanogenesis) and the reactor energy consumption requirements. The original project included methanogenic activity tests, which could not be performed due to setbacks in the installation of an analytical instrument. Scientific articles about bench- and full-scale anaerobic reactors were investigated instead. An average substrate-to-methane conversion efficiency of 58,218,6% was found for the bench-scale reactors and higher efficiencies (89,2%) were found for the cases which had higher Organic Loading Rates (OLRs) values. The average energy output was 0,013 kWh/Lsewage, value unable to meet the energy needs for the reactor operation, considering equipments normally used such as temperature controller. This balance can become positive if few hypotheses are made, for example (i) to eliminate the use of temperature controller (ii) to alter the operation pattern from continuous to intermittent. Based on energy balance assessment of eight bench-scale reactors, it was observed that the implementation of a system for biogas utilization is not energetically feasible. However, interesting results were found for a full-scale sewage treatment plant, ETE Ouro Verde Foz do Iguau, PR, Brazil. Even though its substrate-tomethane conversion efficiency was about 10% only, the energy balance was quite positive, with energy consumption of 68 kWh/month and energy production of 660 kWh/month. This analysis leads us to conclude that energy recovery from full-scale sewage treatment plants should be practiced by other plants
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Coordenao de Aperfeioamento de Pessoal de Nvel Superior (CAPES)
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Ps-graduao em Qumica - IQ
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The management of solid waste originated from the treatment of domestic and industrial sewage in wastewater treatment plants is a current challenge in the Brazilian reality. However, the planning and the final destination of sludge end up being overlooked, causing serious damage to human health and the environment. The use of sewage sludge in the agriculture is growing in Brazil and is regulated by the Resoluo CONAMA N 375/2006 which establishes the criteria and parameters so that the sludge can be disposed on the ground safely to the environment and the population. This study aims to define the effects of using sewage sludge in soil according to the results of the bibliographic survey of theoretical and practical studies using this waste in the recovery and conditioning of soil for agriculture and recuperation of degraded areas, and to define whether such type of sludge recycling is environmentally and socially feasible and safe. It can be said that the reuse of sewage sludge in soil meets the search requirements for an alternative that brings agronomic, environmental and economic benefits, as well as being an environmental and social healthy alternative if properly attended the laws that deal with the subject, anyway those should be reviewed and updated taking into account Brazilian soil and climate conditions, thus justifying need for more studies in the area
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O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a eficincia do tratamento da manipueira de extrao de fcula de mandioca, em separado da gua de lavagem das razes, atravs de biodigestores anaerbicos de fluxo ascendente, com separao das fases, sem controle de temperatura ou adio de produtos qumicos e, avaliar sua adequabilidade, atravs de suas caractersticas fsicas e qumicas para lanamento em corpo receptor, sistema pblico coletor de esgotos ou, aplicao em processod e fertirrigao. Depois dos reatores estabilizados, foram realizados ensaios variando a vazo de alimentao com 8,0; 12,0 e 16,0 L/d, correspondentes a um tempo de reteno hidrulica de 8,17; 5,44 e 4,08 dias, respectivamente. Os melhores resultados para reduo da carga orgnica foram obtidos com os tempos de reteno hidrulica (TRH) de 8,17 e 5,44 dias com eficincias mdias de 89,8% e 80,9%, respectivamente. As caractersticas fsicas e qumicas dos efluentes tratados foram comparadas com os valores estabelecidos na legislao estadual, federal e, com os parmetros utilizados pelo orgo ambiental fiscalizador. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que o efluente tratado atende parcialmente aos requisitos legais para o lanamento em corpos receptores, devido ao teor elevado de nitrognio amoniacal. Por outro lado, foram atendidos integralmente os requisitos legais para o lanamento na rede pblica coletora de esgotos. O efluente tratado no atendeu s recomendaes requeridas pelo orgo ambiental fiscalizador para a sua disposio atravs do processo de fertirrigao devido aos teores elevados de ferro (Fe) e de fluoretos (F). Considerando os resultados obtidos, conclumos que, devido simplicidade do sistema utilizado, com a implantao de melhorias como um ps-tratamento, poderiam ser atingidos os parmetros que atenderiam integralmente a legislao.
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This work had as objective tests therapeutic treatments seeking the monogenea eradication in fingerlings Florida Pompano (Trachinotus carolinus) servants in cage net in the area of Ubatuba, State of So Paulo. The fingerlings presented an accentuated weigh loss and strong discoloration and through observation of scraped of gills under light microscope were identified a high amount of monogenea. Three treatments were tested in form of baths: T1 (fresh water for 5 minutes); T2 (formalin: 1: 1.000 for 20 minutes) and T3: (formalin: 1:4.000 for 30 minutes). The treatments were appraised through scraped of gills, mounted among you laminate and laminulas and observed to the light microscope. It was observed that in the tested conditions all of the treatments were efficient in the elimination of the monogenea without presenting lethality to the fish. The treatment is recommended T I (take a bath in fresh water for 5 minutes) for the facility in the application and for the absence of use of chemical products.
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Este estudo foi realizado para descrever o efeito da reverso sexual de linhagens de tilpia sobre as taxas de sobrevivncia, o crescimento e o percentual de machos fenotpicos em condies ambientais variveis. Foram utilizadas duas linhagens de Oreochromis niloticus (tilpia-do-nilo comum e tailandesa) e uma hbrida Oreochromis sp (vermelha), que receberam o hormnio masculinizante 17--metiltestosterona incorporado rao (60 mg/kg) durante os primeiros 30 dias de vida. Aos 90 dias de idade, a taxa de sobrevivncia da tilpia-do-nilo comum superou a da tilpia tailandesa em 39,00% e da tilpia vermelha em 22,70%, enquanto a taxa instantnea de crescimento foi similar nas linhagens comum e tailandesa e significativamente inferior na linhagem vermelha. O percentual de machos, de acordo com o exame de gnadas, decresceu na seguinte ordem: tilpia-do-nilo comum, tailandesa e vermelha. em situaes de oscilao de temperatura, a linhagem comum tem maior desempenho produtivo, mas so necessrios estudos para comprovao da pureza gentica e anlise do manejo reprodutivo de linhagens de tilpia.
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O processo de desintegrao de tubrculos de yacon promove a incorporao de oxignio que favorece a oxidao de compostos fenlicos e decorrente contaminao do extrato aquoso com cores e odores objetveis que prejudicam a sua utilizao. Este estudo buscou verificar uma metodologia simplificada de extrao dos carboidratos presentes nos tubrculos de yacon e efetuar uma primeira remoo de resduos e compostos originrios das cores e odores indesejveis, utilizando processos de coagulao e precipitao, aplicando tecnologias de baixo custo. Aps a etapa de triturao e remoo dos restos celulares, o extrato teve seu pH aumentado para 9,5 e a temperatura para 90C, seguido de sedimentao. A remoo deste precipitado foi realizada por filtrao em papel aps a coagulao com diferentes concentraes de sulfato de alumnio comercial. Verificou-se que a melhor concentrao de coagulante no extrato foi de 100ppm, removendo 90,6% dos compostos coloridos. O balano de massa mostrou uma recuperao de 47,5% dos slidos totais sendo que 35,6% esto na forma de carboidratos, verificado atravs da concentro de carbono orgnico. O processo de pr-tratamento qumico causou hidrlise nos oligofrutanos, detectado por um aumento na concentrao de acares redutores totais, diretamente proporcional concentrao de sulfato de alumnio utilizado no tratamento de coagulao. Anlises cromatogrficas indicaram o perfil dos acares no hidrolisado e a extenso desta hidrlise que foi considerada pequena. A metodologia aplicada mostrou-se fcil, de baixo custo, eficiente e aplicvel em agroindstrias nas zonas produtoras desta espcie de raiz tropical.
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A tricotilomania ou alopecia psicognica felina uma dermatopatia de origem psicognica, decorrente da lambedura compulsiva do pelame, realizada pelo gato em situaes de estresse. Tal distrbio decorre de alteraes neuro-hormonais e pode associar-se introduo de novos animais e/ou crianas no ambiente. Alm de mudanas de manejo e atitude para com o animal, sugere-se o emprego de ansiolticos no tratamento da doena. A fluoxetina foi utilizada no tratamento de cinco gatos domsticos com tricotilomania, apresentando inibio do comportamento de lambedura, com repilao aps dois a trs meses de terapia.
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Fundao de Amparo Pesquisa do Estado de So Paulo (FAPESP)
