About the thermal stability and pore elimination in the ordered hexagonal mesoporous silica SBA-15

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

A Study of Different Subsequence Elimination Strategies for the Soft Drink Production Planning

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Pathogens in animal meal and the use of Salmex (R) in the elimination of Clostridium perfringens

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Prácticas culturales para el manejo de la Sigatoka negra en bananos y plátanos

Black sigatoka (Mycosphaerella fijiensis) control consists in the continuous use of fungicide sprays and cultural practices. Cultural control reduces inoculum sources of the pathogen and favorable environmental conditions for its development, as well as it increases the vigor of the plants. In order to manage the disease it is necessary to know its behavior through the time, its relationship with the weather and the crop management. The most important cultural practice to reduce the inoculum source is the removal of the whole affected leaves or only the diseased portions of the leaves. The removed tissue is placed over the ground and the use of urea is feasible to accelerate its decomposition. An alternative practice is the "mini-composting" that consists in forming small heaps with the dead leaves and harvested plants for its quick degradation, which allows to reduce the pathogen inoculum and to incorporate nutrients and organic matters into the soil. The early pruning of the tips of the Young leaves before they show symptoms of the disease and the quick elimination of harvested plants reduce the inoculum. Also, the agronomic management of the crop helps to reduce the favorable conditions and to increase the vigor of the plants: this management considers plantation density, drainage systems, irrigation methods, control of weeds, chemical-biological fertilization, and nematode control.

Pharmacokinetic Profile of Liposome-Encapsulated Ropivacaine after Maxillary Infiltration Anaesthesia

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Ocorrência e tratamento de monogenoides em alevinos de pampo (Trachinotus carolinus) cultivados experimentalmente na região norte do estado de São Paulo

This work had as objective tests therapeutic treatments seeking the monogenea eradication in fingerlings Florida Pompano (Trachinotus carolinus) servants in cage net in the area of Ubatuba, State of São Paulo. The fingerlings presented an accentuated weigh loss and strong discoloration and through observation of scraped of gills under light microscope were identified a high amount of monogenea. Three treatments were tested in form of baths: T1 (fresh water for 5 minutes); T2 (formalin: 1: 1.000 for 20 minutes) and T3: (formalin: 1:4.000 for 30 minutes). The treatments were appraised through scraped of gills, mounted among you laminate and laminulas and observed to the light microscope. It was observed that in the tested conditions all of the treatments were efficient in the elimination of the monogenea without presenting lethality to the fish. The treatment is recommended T I (take a bath in fresh water for 5 minutes) for the facility in the application and for the absence of use of chemical products.

Selenite and Selenate Effects on Mercury (Hg2+) Uptake and Distribution in Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus L., Assessed by Chronic Bioassay

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Externalismo social: mente, pensamento e linguagem

Meu objetivo é mostrar que as teses externalistas os significados não estão na cabeça e os pensamentos não estão na cabeça não implicam, necessariamente, a tese mais radical a mente não está na cabeça. Trato dessa questão no âmbito do Externalismo Social de Tyler Burge e Lynne Baker, argumentando que a importância que esses pensadores atribuem à linguagem nas questões relativas à mente não significa, como uma leitura apressada poderia sugerir, a redução da mente à linguagem e, muito menos, a eliminação da mente. A minha conclusão é que o externalismo social linguístico não se constitui como uma estratégia eficaz de enfrentamento dos problemas da natureza da mente e de sua relação com o corpo.

Dietary copper absorption and excretion in three semi-terrestrial grapsoid crabs with different levels of terrestrial adaptation

Three species of phylogenetically related semi-terrestrial crabs (Superfamily Grapsoidea - Sesarma rectum, Goniopsis cruentata and Neohelice granulata (formerly: Chasmagnathus granulatus) with different degrees of terrestriality were studied to quantify the accumulation of copper (Cu) in hemolymph, gills, hepatopancreas and antennal gland, and its excretion through the faeces. These crabs were fed for 15 days practical diets containing 0 (A), 0.5 (B), 1.0 (C), and 1.5% (D) of added CuCl2 (corresponding to 0, 0.2, 0.5 and 0.7% of Cu2+, respectively). The amount of food ingested was directly proportional to the degree of terrestriality: S. rectum, the most terrestrial species, ate around 2-3 times more than the other crabs, whereas G. cruentata ate 1.5-2 times more than N. granulata, the least terrestrial. The amount of Cu excreted in the feces was proportional to Cu ingestion, and was 76.8% and 64.2% higher for Sesarma fed diet D compared to G. cruentata and N. granulata, respectively. Sesarma also displayed higher Cu concentration in the haemolymph, gills and antennal glands, but not in the hepatopancreas. A detoxifying mechanism followed by elimination was probably present at this last organ, preventing Cu accumulation. More terrestrial crabs, such as Sesarma, may accumulate more Cu in hemolymph and tissues, showing a correlation between metal accumulation and increased terrestriality. In this aspect, contaminated feed sources with Cu may have more impact in conservation of terrestrial crabs. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Apoptose na infecção experimental de cães domésticos com Ehrlichia canis

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Hipotireoidismo iatrogênico em eqüino decorrente de excesso de iodo: relato de caso

Relata-se o caso de um eqüino com sinais clínicos clássicos e avaliação hormonal compatível com hipotireoidismo primário, decorrente do uso sistêmico contínuo de iodeto de potássio, na dosagem de 60g/dia. O tratamento consistiu na simples remoção da fonte de iodo, o que reduziu, gradualmente, as manifestações clínicas. Este relato de caso contribui com o estudo do hipotireoidismo iatrogênico em eqüinos adultos e, dessa forma, alerta para os possíveis efeitos colaterais indesejáveis de terapias à base de iodo.

Avaliação clínica da infecção experimental de bezerros com Salmonella Typhimurium

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Avaliação da eficiência da mistura pronta de glyphosate + 2,4-D no controle da Commelina virginica L. em citros

Um dos herbicidas mais utilizados para o controle de plantas daninhas em pós-emergência nos pomares cítricos paulistas é o glyphosate. No entanto, este herbicida aplicado isoladamente e nas doses recomendadas, tem proporcionado seleção da planta daninha trapoeraba (Commelina virginica L.), devido à grande tolerância da mesma, somada à eficiente eliminação das demais espécies da comunidade infestante. em vista disso, e pela falta de opções , faz-se necessária a pesquisa de outros herbicidas ou misturas de herbicidas que sejam eficientes no controle da trapoeraba, de baixa toxicidade para os aplicadores, sistêmicos, e que sejam seletivos às plantas cítricas. O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de estudar a eficiência da mistura pronta dos herbicidas glyphosate + 2,4-D amina no controle da trapoeraba em citros [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck], em comparação com estes mesmos herbicidas aplicados isoladamente, bem como os possíveis efeitos fitotóxicos da mesma à cultura. O experimento foi instalado na região de Catanduva-SP, em um pomar de laranja Pera clone Rio, enxertada sobre limão Cravo, com dez anos de idade, plantado em um espaçamento de 8,0 x 6,5 m. A aplicação dos herbicidas foi realizada em 20 de fevereiro de 1991, de forma dirigida, em pós-emergência tardia da trapoeraba, quando a mesma já florescia e tinha altura variável entre 15 e 60 cm. A análise e interpretação dos resultados obtidos mostraram que a mistura pronta de glyphosate + 2,4-D apresenta um controle superior da trapoeraba em relação aos produtos aplicados isoladamente, não havendo diferenças significativas no controle para doses superiores a 0,60 + 0,80 kg i.a./ha. Os dados obtidos reforçam a teoria de sinergismo entre os dois produtos. em nenhum dos tratamentos foi verificado sintomas visuais de intoxicação nas laranjeiras.

Controle químico de plantas dos gêneros Ipomoeae Merremia em cana-soca

To evaluate the efficiency of herbicide application in post emergence, alone and in mixture, for Ipomoea grandifolia, I. hederifolia, I. purpurea, I. quamoclit, Merremia aegyptia and M. cissoides control in sugarcane, an experiment was conducted on a commercial production area in Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil, from November 2007 to July 2008. Six herbicide treatments [trifloxysulfuron plus ametryn (37 plus 1463.07 g ha(-1)), diuron plus hexazinone (1.170 + 330 g ha(-1)), metribuzin (1.920 g ha(-1)), (trifloxysulfuron plus ametryn, 27.75 + 1097.3 g ha(-1)) plus (diuron plus hexazinone, 702 + 198 g ha(-1)), metribuzin (960 g ha(-1)) plus (trifloxysulfuron plus ametryn, 27.75 + 1097.3 g ha(-1)) and metribuzin (960 g ha(-1)) plus (diuron plus hexazinone, 702 + 198 g ha(-1))] and two treatments without application were evaluated. The visual injuries caused by the herbicide did not affect stalk number and stalk diameter in sugarcane. However, the plants treated with diuron plus hexazinone presented lower stalk height. The herbicides diuron plus hexazinone, alone and in mixture with trifloxysulfuron plus ametryn, were efficient in the control of all morningglory and woodrose species. Application of trifloxysulfuron plus ametryn alone controlled satisfactorily only I. hederifolia. Metribuzin was efficient in the control of I. grandifolia, I. quamoclit, M. aegyptia and M. cissoides. Besides these species, the association of this herbicide with diuron plus hexazinone resulted in excellent I. hederifolia control. The mixture of metribuzin with trifloxysulfuron plus ametryn was efficient in controlling I. hederifolia, M. aegyptia and M. cissoides. The new emergence of the morningglory and woodrose species evaluated after herbicide application or manual weed elimination would not harm the mechanized harvest of sugarcane stalks in the next harvest.

Cat flea (Ctenocephalides felis) infestation in quarantined marsh deer (Blastocerus dichotomus) populations

Marsh deer (Blastocenrs dichotomus) were captured for a research progam in Brazil and maintained in quarantine stations. After 60 days, fleas were detected on animals and identified as Ctenocephalides felis felis. Elimination of the infestation was difficult. Animal treatment with a fipronil-based compound was effective, and subsequently captured animals were treated prophylactically. Some animals remained infested, and some died from the infestation.