Efficacy of the Bm86 antigen against immature instars and adults of the dog tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille, 1806) (Acari: Ixodidae)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Predation on spawn and adults of Chaunus dorbignyi (Dumeril & Bibron, 1841) (Amphibia, Anura) by leeches (Hirudinea) in southern Brazil.

Two species of leeches (Hirudinea) are reported as frequently associated with amphibians in Rio Grande do Sul state, southern Brazil. We observed the predation of eggs of the bufonid Chaunus dorbignyi; remarkably, the remaining eggs of this clutch did not complete their embryologic development, probably due to a negative effect caused by the leeches. We report on additional observations of leeches feeding on other anuran species.

Protein requirements in larvae and adults of Scaptotrigona postica (Hymenoptera: Apidia, Meliponinae): Midgut proteolytic activity and pollen digestion

The number and degree of digestion of pollen grains in the midgut and rectum, the midgut proteolytic activity and the time of pollen grain passage through the digestive tract in the stingless bee Scaptotrigona postica (Latreille) have been analyzed. The results show similar protein requirements among larvae, nurse bees and queens, as well as between forager bees and old males, but these requirements are higher in individuals from the former groups than in those from the latter. Although protein requirements have been demonstrated to vary according to a bee's activity in the colony, they are similar among bees from different castes or sexes. These changes in feeding behavior are related to the bee's function and to less competition for nourishment among individuals of the colony. It is also noted that pollen grains took between 6 and 28 h to pass through the digestive tract. Pollen grains are irregularly accumulated in the various regions of the midgut, which may reflect functional differentiation throughout the midgut. © 2001 Elsevier B.V.

Dynamics of change of mathematics education in Brazil and a scenario of current research

Mathematics education in Brazil, if we consider what one may call the scientific phase, is about 30 years old. The papers for this special issue focus mainly on this period. During these years, many trends have emerged in mathematics education to address the complex problems facing Brazilian society. However, most Brazilian mathematics educators feel that the separation of research into trends is a theoretical idealization that does not respond to the dynamics of the problems we face. We raise the conjecture that the complexity of Brazilian society, where pockets of wealth coexist with the most shocking poverty, has contributed to the adoption and generation of different strands in mathematics education, crossing the boundaries between trends. At a more micro level, we also raise the conjecture that Brazilian trends in research are interwoven because of the way that Brazilian mathematics educators have experienced the process of globalization over these 30 years. This tapestry of trends is a predominant characteristic of mathematics education in Brazil. © FIZ Karlsruhe 2009.

Prevalence and reasons for tooth loss in a sample from a dental clinic in Brazil

Purpose. To evaluate the prevalence and reasons for teeth extractions in a sample from a dental clinic in Brazil. Methods. The prevalence of teeth mortality was analyzed by gender, age, tooth type and reasons for extraction on 800 teeth of 439 subjects, whose data was collected in clinical records in a convenience sample. Results. The groups with range from 35 to 44 years, 45 to 54 years and 55 to 64 years revealed significantly greater number of teeth extractions than other age groups (P < 0.0001). The anterior teeth loss increased significantly with aging, while the tooth mortality of premolar and molar were higher in younger people. The caries was the more prevalent reason for tooth mortality among young and adults up to 44 years old, while the periodontal disease was the main reason for extractions from 45 years old until range of 81 years (P < 0.0001). Conclusions. It can be suggested that some reasons for tooth loss were age-dependent, but the caries and the periodontal diseases were the main reasons for tooth mortality in this Brazilian sample. Copyright © 2012 Andréia Montandon et al.

Population structure and canopy use by Coussapoa microcarpa, a strangler hemiepiphyte from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

We studied density, size structure, and establishment sites of Coussapoa microcarpa in the Brazilian Atlantic rain forest. This species is a hemiepiphyte that begins its life in the tops of trees and survives the death of its host to become a free-standing tree. All individuals of C. microcarpa already rooted in the ground were recorded in a 3.43 ha (1.75 ha in lowland and 1.68 ha in submontane) sample of forest plots. Data on total height, root diameter at breast height, host height and diameter at breast height, as well as height, type and diameter of the establishment site were collected. Coussapoa microcarpa present a high density (36.5 ind. ha-1) and the population studied was composed mainly of young individuals. Young and adults differed in establishment sites. The diameter of establishment sites of young was narrower than the diameter of establishment sites of adults, which points out to a limiting factor (diameter of establishment site) regulating the establishment of C. microcarpa. © 2013 Cambridge University Press.

MGMT and MLH1 methylation in Helicobacter pylori-infected children and adults

AIM: To evaluate the association between Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) infection and MLH1 and MGMT methylation and its relationship with microsatellite instability (MSI). METHODS: The methylation status of the MLH1 and MGMT promoter region was analysed by methylation specific methylation-polymerase chain reaction (MSPPCR) in gastric biopsy samples from uninfected or H. pylori -infected children (n = 50), from adults with chronic gastritis (n = 97) and from adults with gastric cancer (n = 92). MLH1 and MGMT mRNA expression were measured by real-time PCR and normalised to a constitutive gene (β actin). MSI analysis was performed by screening MSI markers at 4 loci (Bat-25, Bat-26, D17S250 and D2S123) with PCR; PCR products were analysed by single strand conformation polymorphism followed by silver staining. Statistical analyses were performed with either the χ 2 test with Yates continuity correction or Fisher's exact test, and statistical significance for expression analysis was assessed using an unpaired Student's t -test. RESULTS: Methylation was not detected in the promoter regions of MLH1 and MGMT in gastric biopsy samples from children, regardless of H. pylori infection status. The MGMT promoter was methylated in 51% of chronic gastritis adult patients and was associated with H. pylori infection (P < 0.05); this region was methylated in 66% of gastric cancer patients, and the difference in the percentage of methylated samples between these patients and those from H. pylori -infected chronic gastritis patients was statistically significant (P < 0.05). MLH1 methylation frequencies among H. pylori -infected and non-infected chronic gastritis adult patients were 13% and 7%, respectively. We observed methylation of the MLH1 promoter (39%) and increased MSI levels (68%) in samples from gastric cancer patients in comparison to samples from H. pylori -infected adult chronic gastritis patients (P < 0.001 and P < 0.01, respectively). The frequency of promoter methylation for both genes was higher in gastric cancer samples than in H. pylori -positive chronic gastritis samples (P < 0.05). The levels of MLH1 and MGMT mRNA were significantly reduced in chronic gastritis samples that were also hypermethylated (P < 0.01). MGMT promoter region was analysed by methylation specific methylation-polymerase chain reaction (MSPPCR) in gastric biopsy samples from uninfected or H. pylori -infected children (n = 50), from adults with chronic gastritis (n = 97) and from adults with gastric cancer (n = 92). MLH1 and MGMT mRNA expression were measured by real-time PCR and normalised to a constitutive gene (β actin). MSI analysis was performed by screening MSI markers at 4 loci (Bat-25, Bat-26, D17S250 and D2S123) with PCR; PCR products were analysed by single strand conformation polymorphism followed by silver staining. Statistical analyses were performed with either the χ 2 test with Yates continuity correction or Fisher's exact test, and statistical significance for expression analysis was assessed using an unpaired Student's t -test. RESULTS: Methylation was not detected in the promoter regions of MLH1 and MGMT in gastric biopsy samples from children, regardless of H. pylori infection status. The MGMT promoter was methylated in 51% of chronic gastritis adult patients and was associated with H. pylori infection (P < 0.05); this region was methylated in 66% of gastric cancer patients, and the difference in the percentage of methylated samples between these patients and those from H. pylori -infected chronic gastritis patients was statistically significant (P < 0.05). MLH1 methylation frequencies among H. pylori -infected and non-infected chronic gastritis adult patients were 13% and 7%, respectively. We observed methylation of the MLH1 promoter (39%) and increased MSI levels (68%) in samples from gastric cancer patients in comparison to samples from H. pylori -infected adult chronic gastritis patients (P < 0.001 and P < 0.01, respectively). The frequency of promoter methylation for both genes was higher in gastric cancer samples than in H. pylori -positive chronic gastritis samples (P < 0.05). The levels of MLH1 and MGMT mRNA were significantly reduced in chronic gastritis samples that were also hypermethylated (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: In summary, MGMT and MLH1 methylation did not occur in earlier-stage H. pylori infections and thus might depend on the duration of infection. © 2013 Baishideng. All rights reserved.

Ler, dizer, produzir sentido: jovens e adultos construindo significados diante da leitura de imagens

Pós-graduação em Artes - IA

O Centro Estadual de Educação de Jovens e Adultos de Presidente Prudente (CEEJA-PP) significa realmente espaço formativo?

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Práticas, Desafios e Produção de (Novos) Conhecimentos. O PEJA como espaço de formação.

Neste artigo relatamos alguns trabalhos elaborados, entre os anos de 2003 e 2008, no âmbito do Projeto de Educação de Jovens e Adultos (PEJA) da UNESP de Rio Claro, com o intuito de expor os (novos) conhecimentos que estão sendo produzidos pelos participantes desse projeto. A seguir, realizamos algumas reflexões sobre concepções teóricas que embasam os mesmos. Pomos em pauta reflexões teóricas produzidas no âmbito das práticas educativas efetivas.

Programa de Educação de Jovens e Adultos Conquista a Cidadania Negada: a experiência de Bauru (SP)

A Educação de Jovens e Adultos na Unesp de Bauru, teve início em 1999, com um projeto de extensão para atender funcionários do Campus e comunidade. Dois anos depois, a PROEX organizou um Programa de Educação de Jovens e Adultos com duas dimensões: atender aos funcionários da universidade e à comunidade. Seus objetivos são: reconstruir a identidade pessoal, social e a cidadania por meio da escolaridade; possibilitar aos alunos do Curso de Pedagogia e de outras licenciaturas experiência de organizar e desenvolver projetos de alfabetização de jovens e adultos; articular atividades de capacitação, pesquisa e discussão de políticas públicas junto ao Centro de Educação de Jovens e Adultos (CEJA) da Secretaria Municipal de Educação de Bauru. Desde 2002 adotou-se a metodologia de parcerias com instituições, associações e igrejas que atendiam às comunidades periféricas, incluindo levantamento da demanda e espaços comunitários para serem usados como salas de aula. O desenvolvimento do processo educacional tem sido trabalhado por alunos universitários bolsistas e voluntários sob orientação de professores do Departamento de Educação da Faculdade de Ciências Unesp/Bauru. A universidade promove também cursos de formação para todos os campi envolvidos no PEJA. Os resultados obtidos em Bauru apontam para a realização dos objetivos propostos, para a constituição da identidade social dos participantes e sua inserção na sociedade enquanto cidadãos e para a formação dos alunos universitários e seu papel como educadores.

A Educação pela Pedra: alguns olhares sobre a arte e a educação no letramento de jovens e adultos

Este trabalho apresenta algumas reflexões de educadores de jovens e adultos quando colocados, eles mesmos, como sujeitos de suas ações numa Oficina de pintura. Analisa-se uma experiência vivida pelo PEJA - Projeto de Educação de Jovens e Adultos da FCL – Unesp/Assis. Os educadores deste projeto ofereceram uma Oficina intitulada “Arte e Educação: a Arte como linguagem na Educação de Jovens e Adultos”, destinada aos educadores da rede oficial de ensino do município de Assis (SP) e região e aos alunos de cursos de Licenciatura do referido campus. Cada um dos participantes foi convidado a confeccionar um quadro, utilizando materiais diversos como os convencionais pincéis e tintas, além de sementes, folhas, pedras e muita sensibilidade para discutir teoria e prática pedagógicas. A Oficina aconteceu em 2003, por ocasião da V Jornada de Educação da Unesp, com carga horária total de 8 horas.

Indagações, Comentários e Saberes dos Educandos - Jovens e Adultos -

Este artigo mostra a importância da utilização de registros de aula para o planejamento de outras aulas/atividades bem como sua utilização como material científico. Faz um levantamento e uma análise das falas de educandos jovens e adultos de uma classe vinculada ao Projeto de Educação de Jovens e Adultos (PEJA) da Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus de Rio Claro. As falas relacionadas a temas da área de Ciências Biológicas foram extraídas dos registros e analisadas quanto ao seu conteúdo e momento em que apareciam. O texto apresenta também um relato de aula planejada e desenvolvida a partir desses registros e destaca a importância de se considerarem os saberes dos educandos para a realização de uma aula. Reconhece-se a importância do diálogo entre educandos e professores, que a relação de ensino-aprendizagem ocorre do educador para o educando, e vice-versa, e que a análise de registros de aula são uma importante fonte para dados qualitativos.