Análise do processo formativo de professores para a educação não formal realizada em organizações não governamentais

This article presents research academic-scientific aimed to examine the definition and theoretical approach or model curriculum that organizes and guides the training of teachers to work in the field of non-formal education made in non-governmental organizations (NGOs). We chose to adopt the perspective of qualitative research was conducted and the case study course called Teacher Training for NGOs, developed by an NGO based in the city of São Paulo. The research instruments were used: document analysis course, semi-directive interviews with their trainers and coordinator and literature review. Examined in the course curriculum is defined as a path to be followed by students and instructors and as organizer of the subjects studied. Adopts the approach named Integrated Curriculum, in which teaching occurs through the study of problem situations and integration projects of learning. At the end of the study, it is suggested that the improvement of the course and follow information that, hopefully, support the production of further comparative research.

Formação de supervisores de ensino no estado de São Paulo: cartografia do curso Gestão de Redes Públicas

Pós-graduação em Educação - FFC

Study of Descendent Course of Buccal Nerve in Adults Individuals

The knowledge of the buccal nerve anatomy is of fundamental importance not only for the anesthesia but also for a safe intervention in the retromolar area. The aim of this work was to study its trajectory, in the area where it is related to the anterior margin of the ramus of the mandible, therefore providing important data for a safe intervention in the region. In this study we used 10 hemi-heads from male and female adults, from different ethnic groups. They were fixed in formol, and belong to the Anatomy Laboratory at the Faculty of Dentistry in Araraquara UNESP. These hemi-heads were dissected by lateral access, preserving the buccal nerve in its trajectory related to the anterior margin of the ramus of the mandible until its penetration in the buccinator muscle. Next, we desinserted the masseter muscle so that all the ramus of the mandible were exposed. Then, the following measurements were carried out: from the base of the mandible until the buccal nerve and from the base of the mandible until the apices of the mandibular coronoid process. These measurements were accomplished with a Mitutoyo CD-6'' CS digital paquimeter. The following average values were obtained: 32.26 mm (to the left side) and 32.04 mm (to the right side), from the base of the mandible until the buccal nerve and 59.09 mm (to the left side) and 58.95 mm (to the right side) from the base of the mandible until the apices of the coronoid process. We have concluded that normally, the buccal nerve crosses the anterior margin of the ramus of the mandible in an area which is above the superior half of the ramus of the mandible and also that the interventions in the retromolar region do not offer great risks of injury in the buccal nerve.

Determination of site-site distance and site concentration within polymer beads: A combined swelling-electron paramagnetic resonance study

[GRAPHICS]This work proposes a combined swelling-electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) approach aiming at determining some unusual polymer solvation parameters relevant for chemical processes occurring inside beads. Batches of benzhydrylamine-resin (BHAR), a copolymer of styrene-1% divinylbenzene containing phenylmethylamine groups were, labeled with the paramagnetic amino acid 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl-4-amine-4-carboxylic acid (TOAC), and their swelling properties and EPR spectra were examined in DCM and DMF. By taking into account the BHARs labeling degrees, the corresponding swelling values, and some polymer structural characteristics, it was possible to calculate polymer swelling parameters, among them, the volume and the number of sites per bead, site-site distances and site concentration. The latter values ranged from 17 to 170 angstrom and from 0.4 to 550 mM, respectively. EPR spectroscopy was applied to validate the multistep calculation strategy of these swelling parameters. Spin-spin interaction was detected in the labeled resins at site-site distances less than approximately 60 A or probe concentrations higher than approximately 1 x 10(-2) M, in close agreement with the values obtained for the spin probe free in solution. Complementarily, the yield of coupling reactions in different resins indicated that the greater the inter-site distance or the lower the site concentration, the faster the reaction. The results suggested that the model and the experimental measurements developed for the determination of solvation parameters represent a relevant step forward for the deeper understanding and improvement of polymer-related processes.

Comparative time-course study of aminoacyl- and dipeptidyl-resin hydrolysis

The classic hydrolysis procedure for quantification of resin-bound aminoacyl and peptidyl groups with 12 N HCl: propionic acid was recvaluated by studying the influence of the nature of the resin and the resin-bound group. Their stability during acid hydrolysis was dependent on the C-terminal amino acid, and the order of acid stability was Phe > Val > Gly. Otherwise, the dipeptides Ala-Gly, Ala-Val, and Ala-Phe displayed enhanced rates of hydrolysis of the resin if compared with their parent aminoacyl groups. Amongthe resins assayed, the order of acid stability was: benzhydrylamine-resin > p-methylbenzhydrylamine-resin ≅4-(oxymethyl)-phenylacetamidomethyl-resin > chloromethyl-copolymer of styrene-1%-divinylbenzene. Important for peptide synthesis method, the findings demonstrate that longer hydrolysis times than previously recommended in the literature (1 h at 130°C and 15 min at 160°C for peptides attached to the chloromethyl-copolymer of styrene-1%-divinylbenzene) are necessary for the quantitative acid-catalyzed cleavage of some resin-bound groups. The observed broad range of hydrolysis time varied from less than 1 h to about 100 h.

Information Visualization to support decision making in the context of distance learning: A study with VLE TelEduc

Digital data sets constitute rich sources of information, which can be extracted and evaluated applying computational tools, for example, those ones for Information Visualization. Web-based applications, such as social network environments, forums and virtual environments for Distance Learning, are good examples for such sources. The great amount of data has direct impact on processing and analysis tasks. This paper presents the computational tool Mapper, defined and implemented to use visual representations - maps, graphics and diagrams - for supporting the decision making process by analyzing data stored in Virtual Learning Environment TelEduc-Unesp. © 2012 IEEE.

Exercise intensity, but not electrolyte reposition, alters plasmatic cortisol and glucose levels of horses submitted to 30 and 60km distance endurance rides

O presente estudo teve como objetivo comparar os níveis plasmáticos de glicose e cortisol de um grupo de eqüinos atletas submetidos ao esforço de longa duração (enduro eqüestre) em distâncias de 30 e 60km, com velocidades médias de 10 e 15km h-1, respectivamente. Os animais foram aleatoriamente separados em dois grupos, sendo que a um deles foi administrada, por via oral, uma pasta eletrolítica hipertônica antes, durante e após as referidas provas. O outro grupo foi usado como controle. Os resultados das concentrações de cortisol revelaram um aumento significativo, no primeiro momento, em que a intensidade do esforço era maior (15km/h), ou com a continuação deste (30km de distância), no segundo momento, para todos os grupos. Os resultados referentes à concentração de glicose permaneceram constantes durante a prova de 30km; entretanto, nos primeiros 20km da prova de 60km, tais resultados revelaram um aumento significativo no grupo controle, retornando a valores basais no momento subseqüente. A reposição eletrolítica tem a sua importância na manutenção do equilíbrio hidroeletrolítico e ácido básico e, no presente estudo, pode ter contribuído para a manutenção da concentração média de glicose plasmática.

Alterations in muscular enzymes of horses competing long-distance endurance rides under tropical climate

Estudaram-se as alterações de atividade das enzimas musculares creatino quinase (CK), lactato desidrogenase (LDH) e aspartato aminotransferase (AST) em um grupo de cavalos que utilizados em provas de enduro de 70 e 100km de distância, em cinco competições. Os valores (U/l) basais (antes da largada) foram 245,13±9,84 para CK, 496,61±14,76 para LDH e 328,95±8,65 para AST. Todas as atividades das enzimas decresceram no primeiro momento das provas (~30km). Valores de pico, significativamente diferentes, foram alcançados para CK (413,59±50,75) imediatamente após 70km de distância; 24 horas após para LDH (628,61±33,30); e 48 horas após as provas para AST (389,89±16,96). A monitoração do período de recuperação revelou diferente comportamento entre as concentrações enzimáticas com CK retornando aos valores basais 24 horas pós-provas (279,61 ± 23,05). LDH e AST retornaram aos valores basais, 72 horas pós-provas (505,25±33,78 e 359,35±24,90, respectivamente). Os dados obtidos revelaram diferentes alterações na concentração de enzimas musculares de cavalos de enduro, diretamente relacionadas com a duração do esforço.

The zymogen-enteropeptidase system: A practical approach to study the regulation of enzyme activity by proteolytic cleavage

The present research describes an efficient procedure to obtain high levels of trypsinogen and chymotrypsinogen by using a simple, rapid, and easily reproducible method. The extraction process and the time-course of activation of zymogens can be carried out in a single laboratory period, without sophisticated equipment. The main objective was to prepare a laboratory class that would stimulate student interest in enzyme regulation, exploring the fact that the catalytic activity of some enzymes is regulated by different mechanisms. The regulation of proteolytic enzymes requires the synthesis of an inactive zymogen and its being irreversibly switched on by specific proteolytic cleavage.

Behavior of Leishmania major metacyclic promastigotes during the course of infection and immune response development in resistant versus susceptible hosts

Pouco se conhece sobre os epítopos derivados de promastigotas metacíclicos de Leishmania que são importantes para a regulação ou destruição do parasita, como alvos de ação imunológica no hospedeiro vertebrado. Neste estudo, nós investigamos um método alternativo para obter promastigotas metacíclicos de Leishmania major, pela avaliação do curso da infecção e reação de hipersensibilidade do tipo retardado (HTR) em hospedeiros resistentes e susceptíveis. Promastigotas não-infectantes (procíclicos) de L. major, recentemente isolados de amastigotas, foram selecionados pela adesão a colunas de lã de vidro negativamente carregadas, enquanto que promastigotas metacíclicos não se aderem à coluna e podem ser recuperados com facilidade. Condições ótimas de cromatografia foram validadas por análise estatística. O rendimento médio de parasitas obtidos após separação em colunas de lã de vidro e a viabilidade dos promastigotas foram estimados por microscopia óptica. Os promastigotas metacíclicos tiveram um rendimento médio de 43,5% a 57,5%. Camundongos BALB/c (susceptíveis) e camundongos C57BL/6 (resistentes) apresentaram padrões distintos de lesões cutâneas, os primeiros com lesões mais agressivas, induzidas por promastigotas metacíclicos. As respostas à reação de HTR foram maiores nos grupos de camundongos C57BL/6, submetidos à infecção com promastigotas metacíclicos. Estes resultados indicam que o novo método poderia ser integrado aos protocolos existentes para estudar a metaciclogênese de parasitas do gênero Leishmania in vivo.

Time course of training-induced microcirculatory changes and of vegf expression in skeletal muscles of spontaneously hypertensive female rats

Exercise-induced vessel changes modulate arterial pressure (AP) in male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is important for angiogenesis of skeletal muscle. The present study evaluated the time course of VEGF and angiogenesis after short- and long-term exercise training of female SHR and Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats, 8-9 weeks (200-250 g). Rats were allocated to daily training or remained sedentary for 3 days (N = 23) or 13 weeks (N = 23). After training, the carotid artery was catheterized for AP measurements. Locomotor (tibialis anterior and gracilis) and non-locomotor skeletal muscles (temporalis) were harvested and prepared for histologic and protein expression analyses. Training increased treadmill performance by all groups (SHR = 28%, WKY = 64%, 3 days) and (SHR = 141%, WKY = 122%, 13 weeks). SHR had higher values of AP than WKY (174 ± 4 vs 111 ± 2 mmHg) that were not altered by training. Three days of running increased VEGF expression (SHR = 28%, WKY = 36%) simultaneously with an increase in capillary-to-fiber ratio in gracilis muscle (SHR = 19%, WKY = 15%). In contrast, 13 weeks of training increased gracilis capillary-to-fiber ratio (SHR = 18%, WKY = 19%), without simultaneous changes in VEGF expression. Training did not change VEGF expression and capillarity of temporalis muscle. We conclude that training stimulates time- and tissue-dependent VEGF protein expression, independent of pressure levels. VEGF triggers angiogenesis in locomotor skeletal muscle shortly after the exercise starts, but is not involved in the maintenance of capillarity after long-term exercise in female rats.

Evasive Maneuvers in Space Debris Environment and Technological Parameters

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Pollen Dispersal Between Isolated Trees in the Brazilian Savannah: A Case Study of the Neotropical Tree Hymenaea stigonocarpa

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Study on functional cardiorespiratory changes after laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication

PURPOSE: To analyze the behavior of cardiopulmonary function in postoperative of laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication.METHODS: Thirty-two patients, 13 males (41%) and 19 females (59%), were evaluated. Their age ranged from 25 to 67 years, with a mean of 44.4 +/- 10.9. Pulmonary volumes, respiratory pressures and exercise tests were performed in the preoperative period (PRE) and in the first (PO1), second (PO2), fifth (PO5) and thirtieth (PO30) postoperative periods.RESULTS: Thirty-two patients were evaluated, of whom 59% were females. Mean age was 44.4 +/- 10.9 years. Lung volumes had significant decrease at PO1 and PO2 and were similar to PRE values at PO5. Respiratory pressures were altered only at PO1. The distance covered in the 6-minute walk test had significant reduction until PO2, and climbing time in the stair-climbing test significantly increased at PO2.CONCLUSION: Patients submitted to LNF surgery have decreased cardiorespiratory function in the early postoperative period; however, they soon return to preoperative conditions.