33 resultados para Disputa (Painting)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Pós-graduação em Geografia - FCT
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Pós-graduação em Geografia - FCT
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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In Brazil, the football is more than just a sport, it's a passion and part of country's DNA almost a century ago. By this prerogative the club national championship, nowadays known as Brazilian Championship and organized by Brazilian Football Confederation, it is a mark in this modality. During the soccer history, were made several changes of nomenclature, rules and dispute mode, that generated many controversies, contributing for discussing about credibility of the championship. There were many changes about dispute mode, alternating the mixed mode (eliminatory + classificatory and vice versa) and a dispute mode based on classification. This research aimed to described and to analyzed the changes that have occurred in dispute types of the Brazilian Championship, series A, in the last 15 years (1995 to 2010). It was analyzed each edition, with data like average of public, matches and participants number, period that the championship was conducted, beyond the dispute mode. In the last 15 years, have been used five different types and it was observed that the current mode to consecutive points is the most appropriate, because this mode showed the best public average, greater coherence to elect the competition champion and this mode also encouraged the clubs about planning, organization and professional management. This issues contributed to a significant improvement in quality of Championship
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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É da disputa histórica pela posse da terra no Pontal do Paranapanema e dos conflitos daí desdobrantes que vem à tona as cifras marcantes das terras improdutivas e devolutas e, mais ainda, o descrédito em relação à Reforma Agrária e a negativa a qualquer possibilidade de acesso à terra, tais como a política de assentamentos em vigência, mas totalmente enfraquecida e desprestigiada. É nesse cenário que a apropriação da água ou sua privatização comparece como preocupação. A iniciativa do Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (MST) em implantar um projeto de piscicultura, via o sistema tanques-rede para a subsistência e também como fonte de renda, nas águas represadas pelas UHEs enfrentará uma série de empecilhos e travagens de ordem burocrática, política e econômica. Além de despertar para a importância de discutir o a privatização e a mercantilização da água no século XXI, e a expansão da aquicultura no Brasil nos últimos anos, pretendemos identificar e analisar as dinâmicas espaciais e as disputas pelo acesso à água no Pontal do Paranapanema
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O comportamento agonístico de machos de Loxosceles gaucho (“aranha-marrom”), sem assimetrias de dominância de território e experiência prévia, minimizando-se a diferença de tamanho, foi avaliado em presença do recurso fêmea. Reavaliamos a importância da diferença de tamanho e pudemos sugerir o papel relevante da reação do animal a ambiente novo (primeiro a movimentar-se) na disputa por fêmea reprodutiva. Vimos que a competição por fêmeas se resolve por disputas pouco intensas, ou até mesmo sem qualquer interação observável entre os machos. Os dados mostram uma disputa que prioriza a economia de energia e impõe menor risco de danos físicos aos animais, característica possivelmente associada ao hábito gregário de L. gaucho.
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In present article, we present reflections on the process of closing public schools in the countryside in Brazil. Through bibliographical survey, as well as documental research, we carried out a retrospective analysis of the historical moment in which the implementation of policies of mass education directed to people living in rural areas occurs. We have also sought to raise socio-political-economic aspects of the moment in which the process of closing these schools is intensified. The results obtained suggest possible implications of this closure policy, in addition to indicating some of the challenges posed to the public policy of education in the country; for example, the Brazilian federal context and the budget limitations imposed to subnational governments with regard to the funding of school education, particularly in relation to small municipalities and/or municipalities with low tax revenues. This situation quite often occurs because these municipalities present reduced budgets, depending largely on transfers of financial resources from other spheres of the Government, either federal or state, the so-called intergovernmental budgetary transfers; namely, the Municipalities Participation Fund. Such issues demand the resumption of debates about the federative pact, in particular with regard to fiscal federalism, given that the financial capacity of each subnational government is crucial to the implementation of educational policies.
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This work has as main objetive to analyze fiscal/tax collection of municipalities after the political-administrative decentralization in Brazil and its new role in this scenario, bringing up the competition for Decasa Sugar and Alcohol between the municipalities of Caiuá and Maraba Paulista in the context of expansion sugarcane cultivation in the Presidente Prudente Geographic Micro Region. The analysis has considered the geographic scales, in order to highlight the power relations on local/regional territory, determined by the Agroenergy Policy Guidelines in Brazil (2006-2011). The two municipalities have from the point of view economic dynamics, irrelevence, proven through the São Paulo Index of Social Responsibility (IPRS), maximizing the importance of the constitutional transfers, such as Participation Fund of Municipalities (FPM). Given this situation, we analyze the four taxes raised by the experts as the most impactful for municipal tax collection before the presence of sugarcane activity: the Territorial Urban Property Tax (IPTU), the Tax on Services of any Nature (ISSQN), the Tax Vehicles owned Motor (IPVA) and the Operations tax on the Circulation of Goods and on Transport Services Rendered Interstate and Intermunicipal (ICMS). It was verified, that only the ISSQN can be seen as an indicator increase in fiscal/tax collection before the presence sugarcane activity...
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Pós-graduação em Ciências Sociais - FCLAR