GENETIC INTERRELATIONSHIPS OF PROTEOLYTIC CLOSTRIDIUM-BOTULINUM TYPE-A, TYPE-B, AND TYPE-F AND OTHER MEMBERS OF THE CLOSTRIDIUM-BOTULINUM COMPLEX AS REVEALED BY SMALL-SUBUNIT RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE-SEQUENCES

The phylogenetic interrelationships of members of the Clostridium botulinum complex of species was investigated by direct sequencing of their 16S rRNA genes. Comparative analysis of the 16S rRNA sequences demonstrated the presence of four phylogenetically distinct lineages corresponding to: i) proteolytic C. botulinum types Al B, and F, and C. sporogenes, ii) saccharolytic types B, E and F, iii) types C and D and C. novyi type A, and iv) type G and C. subterminale. The phylogenetic groupings obtained from the 16S rRNA were in complete agreement with the four divisions recognised within the 'species complex' on the basis of phenotypic criteria.

Evaluation of survival of Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium botulinum in charqui meats

Charqui meats were prepared in laboratory conditions in order to carry out experiments to observe the possibility of development of enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium bottilinum proteolytic type B spores and their toxins. Results demonstrated that the harsh processing conditions, high salt concentration, relative high temperature, a, values, inhibited the growth of both bacteria. Under our experimental conditions, S. aureus would survive throughout the sequence of salting steps i.e. brine followed by rock salting and the sunshine drying step. However, at final a(w) value of 0.70-0.75 would create conditions to inhibit its development. The other experiment revealed that C. botulinum spores germination also was impaired because of these low a(w) values. Under these conditions, charqui meats revealed to be safe products in relation to toxins from both enterotoxigenic S. aureus and C. botulinum. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. Ltd. All rights reserved.

Neonatal immune response of Brazilian beef cattle to vaccination with Clostridium botulinum toxoids types C and D by indirect ELISA

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Botulism by Clostridium botulinum type C in goats associated with osteophagia

An outbreak of botulism was detected in goats in the semiarid region of Brazil. In a flock of 460 goats, 38 does were affected and 37 died. Kids and younger goats were not affected. The main clinical signs were flaccid tetraparesis leading to tetraplegia that was often accompanied by twisted neck, tongue paralysis, and muscle tremors. At the time of the visit, 4 out of 11 affected goats were recumbent. Ambulatory goats had uncoordinated and swaying gaits with hypometria and weakness, mainly of the hind limbs. Two recumbent and four ambulatory goats showed twisted neck. Two recumbent goats were euthanized and necropsied. Non-significant gross and histologic lesions were observed. Samples of the liver, gut and rumen content were collected from the two goats and examined for botulinum toxins using the mouse serum neutralization test. The three samples from one goat were positive for type C toxin. Marked osteophagia was observed when the goats had access to bones in the pasture, and the farmer mentioned that osteophagia was common among goats of the flock. A sample of the plant Hybantus ipecaconha, the most abundant forage available for the goats, contained 2800 mg/kg of Ca and 450 mg/kg of P. One soil sample contained 58.12 mg/kg of Ca and 2.02 mg/kg of P. It was concluded that in this outbreak, botulism was associated with osteophagia probably due to phosphorus deficiency. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Study of the presence of the spores of Clostridium botulinum in honey in Brazil

The isolation of Clostridium botulinum from honey samples is described. Botulism is characterized as an intoxication provoked by ingestion of contaminated foods with this toxin. Infant botulism happens by the ingestion of spores of C. botulinum together with food that in special conditions of the intestinal tract, such as those present in babies of less than 1 year old, will allow the germination and colonization of the intestine with production and absorption of botulinic toxin. The samples were subjected to dilution and to a thermal shock and cultivated in modified CMM (Difco). Cultures were subjected to Gram smears and toxicity tests in mice. The toxic cultures were purified in RFCA (Oxoid) plates and incubated in anaerobic jars. Positive samples were typed using the mouse assay neutralization test. From the 85 honey samples analyzed, six were positive for C. botulinum (7.06%), and identified as producers of type A, B, and D toxins.

Intoxicação natural por Clostridium botulinum tipo C: em grupo de aves domésticas

Clostridium botulinum causative of toxic infections due to toxin ingestion previously formed, occur in several ingestion species, mainly birds. In a poultry farm, located at São Paulo State, more than 3,000 birds have been attacked by this toxic infections, when the birds showed motionless, loss of weight, accelerated, breathing, resulting in death of the birds. The blood harvest for attainment of the serum and later necropsy was carried out throwgh the following samples: liver, gizzard, crop, feed, water and litter. After that, the toxin was extracted by gelatin-phosphate buffer and inoculation in mice, isolation of the agent in Blood. Ágar and Reinforced Clostridium Ágar and neutralization of toxin determine its type. The inoculation in mice showed positive results in samples of liver, gizzad, crop and symptoms like was waist, and death of the birds by limp paralysis. The colonies that have been isolated, suspected of Clostridium botulinum showed expected results and further analysis revealed positive results to botulinical toxin type C. The farms have to pay attention in the routine jobs, choicer, and elimination of carcass because they are essential to keep this problem away.

Avaliação do efeito da toxina épsilon do clostridium perfringens em monocamadas de células MDCK (Madin-Darby canine kidney cell)

Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal - FMVA

Associação de bactérias da família Enterobacteriaceae e Clostridium estertheticum com a deterioração blown pack em cortes cárneos embalados a vácuo

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Resposta sorológica de bovinos vacinados contra o Clostridium chauvoei avaliada pelos testes de aglutinação em placa e Elisa

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Genotipagem de Clostridium perfringens isolados de bezerros de corte com diarréia neonatal

Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal - FMVA

Clostridium perfringens em ingredientes para ração de aves e controle da presença do agente utilizando tratamento químico

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Clostridium perfringens e Salmonella spp em camas de frango, novas e reutilizadas, e seus efeitos sobre o desempenho zootécnico

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Salmonella spp. e Clostridium perfringens em farinhas de origem animal utilizadas na fabricação de rações e avaliação de aditivo na inibição de patógeno

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Avaliação sorológica de cordeiros submetidos a diferentes protocolos de imunoprofilaxia da enterotoxemia causada pela ação da toxina épsilon do Clostridium perfrigens tipo D

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)