81 resultados para Circulação atmosférica


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OBJETIVO: Dentre os efeitos da poluição ambiental na saúde da criança, destaca-se o aumento de internações por pneumonias. O objetivo do estudo foi estimar a associação dessas internações com o aumento dos poluentes atmosféricos. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de estudo ecológico de séries temporais, realizado na cidade de São José dos Campos, SP, nos anos de 2000 e 2001. Foram utilizados dados diários sobre o número de internações por pneumonia, dados diários de poluentes (SO2, O3 e PM10) e de temperatura e umidade do clima. Foram estimadas as correlações entre as variáveis de interesse pelo coeficiente de Pearson. Para estimar a associação entre as internações por pneumonia e a poluição atmosférica, utilizaram-se modelos aditivos generalizados de regressão de Poisson. Foram estimados os acréscimos das internações por pneumonia para o intervalo interquartil para cada um dos poluentes estudados, com um intervalo de confiança de 95% RESULTADOS: Os três poluentes apresentaram efeitos defasados nas internações por pneumonia, iniciada três a quatro dias após a exposição e decaindo rapidamente. Na estimativa de efeito acumulado de oito dias observou-se ao longo desse período que para aumentos de 24,7 µg/m³ na concentração média de PM10 houve um acréscimo de 9,8% nas internações. CONCLUSÕES: O estudo confirma que o potencial deletério dos poluentes do ar sobre a saúde pode ser detectado, também, em cidades de médio porte. A magnitude do efeito foi semelhante ao observado na cidade de São Paulo. Além disso, mostra a elevada susceptibilidade das crianças aos efeitos adversos advindos da exposição aos contaminantes atmosféricos.

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In 18 dogs, previously anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital for the surgical preparation, catheterism and monitoring, the action of sodium pentobarbital (7.5 mg/kg) and enflurane (1.5 - 2%) in the liver circulation was studied. Measurements of the following parameters were made in four different times, before and 15, 30 and 60 min after the drug administration. By direct determination: hepatic artery flow, portal vein flow, mean pressure of the abdominal aorta, peripheral arterial pressure (mean), pressure in the caudal cava vein, portal pressure; and by indirect determination: total flow, arterial-cava gradient, portal-cava gradient, resistance in the hepatic artery territory, resistance in the territory of the portal vein, and total resistance. Based on the results, it is concluded that in the experiment's conditions: sodium pentobarbital doesn't change significantly the hepatic circulation, and enflurance produces a fall in the total hepatic flow, by reducing the portal flow, without alterations of the hepatic arterial flow. It diminishes the total hepatic resistance by diminishing the arterial resistance without alterations of the portal resistance; it diminishes the arterial-cava gradient in consequence of the reduction of the abdominal aorta pressure and of the portal pressure, but it seems that the caudal cava pressure is not altered. It also occurs a fall in the peripheral mean pressure.

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Ammonia is the most common alkaline gas of the atmosphere, being important in the neutralization of various processes that occur in the atmosphere. Its main sources of emission are the decomposition of organic matter and dejections of animals. Ammonia is used by man in diverse activities of production, therefore it is a gas that can contaminate work environments. Measurements of ammonia concentration in some parts of the world have shown great spatial and weather variation. This large variability makes it difficult to estimate the input of reduced nitrogen to different ecosystems from measurements.

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The beachs of Santos are situated in Santos Bay, central portion of paulista coast, in São Paulo state. This beachs are frequently affected by cold fronts with winds and currents from the South. These fronts are responsible for the removal and transport of sediments (sand) in Santos beaches. In order to quantify this sedimentation the channels of Santos were analysed, due to their function as box colectors of sediments during storm events. The channels are filled by sands, which volume in channels 1 to 6 was estimated, by using the length, width and height of sand sedimented in the channels, in the event of 22-27 april 2005. The chanels 2, 3 and 1 presented the larger volumes of sands, confirming that the central and SW portion of the beaches of Santos present higher levels of sedimentation or re-sedimentation. That is due to the transport by ocean waves and currents and currents from the Channel of the Port of Santos. This central portion suffer invasion of marine water over street and buildings, caracterizated of geological rise area.

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This work aims to express the production and consumption changes occurred in the State of São Paulo in line with the logistics, the systems of movement and the economic flows. The mentioned productive and consumption devolutions towards the interior just was possible in the fast rhythm, with the hierarchical combination of some basic elements, such as: 1) the logistics as strategy, planning and management (including in the concession of public services to the private enterprise) of transports, storage and communications; 2) the technological improvement of systems of movement (infrastructure and means of transportation) and 3) the economic flows (goods, services, informations, capital gains and people) in the territory. Thus, we go to an analysis of the impacts of the fifth logistics revolution and the alternatives between systems of movement and territorial fluidity in the service of corporative demands in the space pertaining to the State of São Paulo. © Copyright Scripta Nova, 2009.

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Background and objectives: The introduction of extracorporeal circulation in clinical practice was decisive for the development of modern cardiovascular surgery. Addition of new procedures and equipment, however, brings inherent risks and complications. The objective of this report is to describe a malfunction of the oxygenation system and emphasize the importance of the interaction among the medical team members to prevent errors and complications. Case Report: During valve replacement and IVC correction surgery, we observed a darker shade of red in the blood on the exit of the oxygenator. Laboratory tests demonstrated severe acidosis and hypoxemia. The entire system was evaluated, but the cause of the malfunction was not found. Measures to reduce damage were successfully instituted. After the surgery, the whole system underwent technical evaluation. Conclusions: Interaction among the medical team members, early diagnosis, and immediate intervention were fundamental for a favorable outcome. © 2011 Elsevier Editora Ltda.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Pós-graduação em Educação Escolar - FCLAR

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Pós-graduação em Física - FEG

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Pós-graduação em Educação - FFC