Thermally developing forced convection of non-Newtonian fluids inside elliptical ducts

Laminar-forced convection inside tubes of various cross-section shapes is of interest in the design of a low Reynolds number heat exchanger apparatus. Heat transfer to thermally developing, hydrodynamically developed forced convection inside tubes of simple geometries such as a circular tube, parallel plate, or annular duct has been well studied in the literature and documented in various books, but for elliptical duct there are not much work done. The main assumptions used in this work are a non-Newtonian fluid, laminar flow, constant physical properties, and negligible axial heat diffusion (high Peclet number). Most of the previous research in elliptical ducts deal mainly with aspects of fully developed laminar flow forced convection, such as velocity profile, maximum velocity, pressure drop, and heat transfer quantities. In this work, we examine heat transfer in a hydrodynamically developed, thermally developing laminar forced convection flow of fluid inside an elliptical tube under a second kind of a boundary condition. To solve the thermally developing problem, we use the generalized integral transform technique (GITT), also known as Sturm-Liouville transform. Actually, such an integral transform is a generalization of the finite Fourier transform, where the sine and cosine functions are replaced by more general sets of orthogonal functions. The axes are algebraically transformed from the Cartesian coordinate system to the elliptical coordinate system in order to avoid the irregular shape of the elliptical duct wall. The GITT is then applied to transform and solve the problem and to obtain the once unknown temperature field. Afterward, it is possible to compute and present the quantities of practical interest, such as the bulk fluid temperature, the local Nusselt number, and the average Nusselt number for various cross-section aspect ratios.

Remarks on orthotropic elastic models applied to wood

Wood is generally considered an anisotropic material. In terms of engineering elastic models, wood is usually treated as an orthotropic material. This paper presents an analysis of two principal anisotropic elastic models that are usually applied to wood. The first one, the linear orthotropic model, where the material axes L (Longitudinal), R(radial) and T(tangential) are coincident with the Cartesian axes (x, y, z), is more accepted as wood elastic model. The other one, the cylindrical orthotropic model is more adequate of the growth caracteristics of wood but more mathematically complex to be adopted in practical terms. Specifically due to its importance in wood elastic parameters, this paper deals with the fiber orientation influence in these models through adequate transformation of coordinates. As a final result, some examples of the linear model, which show the variation of elastic moduli, i.e., Young's modulus and shear modulus, with fiber orientation are presented.

State Dependent Riccati Equation (SDRE) control method applied in cancellation of a parametric resonance in a magnetically levitated body

Here, a simplified dynamical model of a magnetically levitated body is considered. The origin of an inertial Cartesian reference frame is set at the pivot point of the pendulum on the levitated body in its static equilibrium state (ie, the gap between the magnet on the base and the magnet on the body, in this state). The governing equations of motion has been derived and the characteristic feature of the strategy is the exploitation of the nonlinear effect of the inertial force associated, with the motion of a pendulum-type vibration absorber driven, by an appropriate control torque [4]. In the present paper, we analyzed the nonlinear dynamics of problem, discussed the energy transfer between the main system and the pendulum in time, and developed State Dependent Riccati Equation (SDRE) control design to reducing the unstable oscillatory movement of the magnetically levitated body to a stable fixed point. The simulations results showed the effectiveness of the (SDRE) control design. Copyright © 2011 by ASME.

́Toma que o filme é teú: Sai de Baixo entre o teleteatro e a sitcom

A program recorded in a theater, with the audience, incorporating all of the improvisations and later televised. That was Sai de Baixo, TV Globos program broadcasted between 1996 and 2002. However, a specific episode limit this article. Toma 0que o filmeéteu, 1998, was made alive. Was it a spasm of the old teleplay Or was it just a common sitcom episode To answer these questions, the paper used a case study, bibliographical and documentary research and concluded that this episode was not a brief return of teleplay, having in mind that the fact of being alive is not a requirement to be teleplay, but there are other criteria.

Alternate treatments of jacobian singularities in polar coordinates within finite-difference schemes

Jacobian singularities of differential operators in curvilinear coordinates occur when the Jacobian determinant of the curvilinear-to-Cartesian mapping vanishes, thus leading to unbounded coefficients in partial differential equations. Within a finite-difference scheme, we treat the singularity at the pole of polar coordinates by setting up complementary equations. Such equations are obtained by either integral or smoothness conditions. They are assessed by application to analytically solvable steady-state heat-conduction problems.

Produção de matéria seca da braquiária de acordo com os atributos químicos de um Latossolo em Selvíria, Mato Grosso do Sul

Rustic forages as the signal-grass are predominant in areas of Cerrado in extensive livestock systems that favor soil degradation. However, with time, not even these forages can have a good development in those areas. The objective of this study was to analyze the variability of plant and soil attributes; to define the linear and spatial correlations between signal-grass yield and the chemical attributes of the studied soil, and to evaluate, among the chemical attributes of the soil, which one that best explain the variability in this forage yield. The experiment was conducted in an area that had been under pasture for more than 30 years, belonging to UNESP - Ilha Solteira Campus, located in Selvíria - MS. A geostatistical grid was installed in an oxisol, for soil and plant data collection, with 121 sampling stations, consisted of eleven transections with 160 m width in the direction of the Cartesian axes. The dry mass yield of signal-grass was low, presenting high variation. The attributes MSr, N, PB, MO1, MO2, pHa1, pHa2, pHk1 and pHk2 did not vary at random. They presented data variability from low to high and followed clearly defined spatial patterns, ranging between 17.7-162.9 m. There was significant linear correlation at 1% between MSr and N leaf, and between MSr and PB. The cross semivariograms MSr=f(N) and MSr=f(PB) confirmed that the dry matter can be estimated from data of nitrogen leaf and crude protein content of this forage.

As interrogativas de conteúdo na história do Português brasileir o: uma abordagem discursivo-funcional

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Acurácia na determinação das coordenadas dos vértices de imóveis urbanos

Pós-graduação em Ciências Cartográficas - FCT

Uma odisséia de quase meio século pelo espaço teatral paulistano, através da memória de um espectador movido a paixão e em permanente processo de formação

Pós-graduação em Artes - IA

O treinamento como processo de investigação do ator-criador

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

A formação da historiografia teatral brasileira (1888-1938): consonâncias e dissonâncias

Pós-graduação em Artes - IA

Tiros de Movimento-Imagem: estudo de um processo artístico e pedagógico de Cristiane Paoli Quito

Pós-graduação em Artes - IA

Teatro de objetos: um olhar singular sobre o cotidiano

Pós-graduação em Artes - IA

O teatro político de rua praticado pelos coletivos ALMA e Dolores: estéticas de combate e semeadura

Pós-graduação em Artes - IA

Epístola a Os Fofos: artes cênicas, espiritualidade e ciência na 'Festança' Terra de Santo de Os Fofos Encenam

Pós-graduação em Artes - IA