Efeito de três sistemas de osteotomia - ultrassom cirúrgico, laser Er, Cr: YSGG e sistema rotatório - sobre o processo de osseointegração e reparo de defeitos ósseos em tíbia de ratos: estudo histomorfométrico, imuno-histoquímico e biomecânico

Pós-graduação em Odontologia - FOAR

A educação matemática e o cuidado de si: possibilidades foucaultianas

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Avaliação das variáveis técnicas no contexto esportivo

Assessment is a theme explored in various areas of human performance, particularly for the analysis of an athlete performance and/or all team members in game situation. Assessment requires different tests and models to quantify strengthens and weaknesses of an athlete and of the team. With that in hand, it is possible to develop an intervention program, with consequent improvement of techniques and tactics play systems. The present study aimed to identify, in the literature, the athlete's performance ratings and of the team in game situation for team sport. Based on the literature review, we propose a set of variables to include in an instrument for basketball performance assessment. The methodology for the present study involved a collection of materials, including scientific articles, books, websites, academic papers. The present research comprises the concepts and definitions related to: team sport; the relevance of game analysis and its development; the advantages and disadvantages of different assessment techniques, particularly in team sports; and lastly, the instruments used for assessment in the context of team sport athletes. From the literature review we propose a set of variables that may be useful to consider in an assessment instrument for basketball performance

Crise da esquerda comunista: políticas do PCI e do PCP sobre a união europeia

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Evaluation of immediate bone-cell viability and of drill wear after implant osteotomies: Immunohistochemistry and scanning electron microscopy analysis

Purpose: This study sought to evaluate the effect of repeated implant drilling on the immediate bone-cell viability, and to evaluate drill wear by scanning electron microscopy.Materials and Methods: The tibiae of 10 rabbits were used, divided into 5 groups (G): G1 corresponded to new drills, and G2, G3, G4, and G5 corresponded to drills used 10, 20, 30, and 40 times, respectively. The animals received 10 sequential osteotomies in each tibia. The animals were euthanized immediately after the osteotomies by perfusion with 4% formaldehyde. Samples then underwent immunohistochemistry processing for ordinal qualitative analysis of osteoprotegerin (OPG), the RANK ligant (RANKL; a tumor-related necrosis factor receptor family), and osteocalcin protein immunolabels, as detected by the immunoperoxidase method and revealed with 3,3-diaminobenzidine. Drill wear and plastic deformation were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).Results: The proteins were expressed in osteocytes of the superior bone cortical during the 40 drillings. However, in G4 and G5, a discrete increase in the expression of RANKL was observed, when compared with OPG; this increase was statistically significant in G5 (P = .016). The SEM analysis revealed major plastic deformation and drill wear in G4 and G5.Conclusion: Based on the present methodology, it may be concluded that cell viability is preserved if a less traumatic surgical protocol is used. However, the repeated use of drills alters the protein balance as of the thirtieth perforation. (C) 2008 American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons.

Stirring, charging, and picking: hunting tactics of potamotrygonid rays in the upper Paraná River

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Bone healing in drill hole defects in spontaneously hypertensive male and female rats' femurs. A histological and histometric study

Objective: the aim of this study was to evaluate the bone healing in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and compare the results with normotensive rats, evaluating male and female animals.Methods: A bone drill defect was created in the left femur of 24 SHR (12 males and 12 females) and 24 normotensive rats (12 males and 12 females). The animals were divided into two groups and sacrificed 7 and 21 days after the surgical procedure. After the routine laboratory processing, histological and histometric analysis were carried out and data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey's test (5%).Results: Males and females from the same group had similar histological characteristics. After seven days, all animals presented irregular bone trabeculae. The periosteal osteoblasts were flattened in SHR, and presented a cuboid shape in normotensive animals. After 21 days, the bone defects of all specimens showed a linear closure in all the superficial extension. In addition, SHR presented flattened osteoblasts surrounding the bone trabeculae, while normotensive ones showed cuboidal cells. Statistical analysis of the histometric data indicated similar means between the male and female groups, except for normotensive rats on day 7. In addition, a larger amount of new bone formation was observed in hypertensive when compared to normotensive rats on day 27, in males as well as females.Conclusion: We conclude that bone healing in SHR was more significant than in normotensive ones, as shown by the histological and histometric evaluation 21 days after surgery.

Theoretical and experimental evaluation of the influence of the length of drill rods in the SPT-T test

The influence of soil drill rod length on the N value in the SPT-T test has been studied extensively by Mello (1971), Schmertmann & Palacios (1979), Odebrecht et al. (2002) and Cavalcante (2002). This paper presents an analysis of the Standard Penetration Test supplemented with torque measurement (SPT-T). A theoretical study of the resistance of the rod material to torsion and bending indicated that the shear stress caused by the rod self-weight represents less than 1% of that caused by the torsional moment. An experimental study with electric torquemeters attached to a horizontal rod system, as well as two field tests in the vertical direction, were also carried out to compare and substantiate the results. The purpose of these tests was to analyze changes along the length of the rod in response to successive increments at 1-meter intervals. Torque measurements were taken at each increment of the length to ascertain the accuracy of the theoretical data. The difference between the applied torque and the measured torque at the end of rod system was lower than the minimum scale of mechanical torquemeters used in practice.

Influence of Implant Drill Materials on Wear, Deformation, and Roughness After Repeated Drilling and Sterilization

Purpose:The aim of this study was to evaluate deformation, roughness, and mass loss of stainless steel, diamond-like carbon (DLC)-coated and zirconia drills after multiple osteotomies with sterilization procedures.Materials and Methods:Drilling procedures were performed using stainless steel (G1), DLC-coated (G2), and zirconia (G3) drills. All groups were divided in subgroups 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, corresponded to drills used 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 times, respectively.Results:No significant differences in mass and roughness were detected among all groups and subgroups. In SEM images, all groups revealed signs of wear while coating delamination was detected in G2. Drills from G1 displayed more irregular surface, whereas cutting edges were more regular in G3.Conclusion:Zirconia drills presented more regular surfaces whereas stainless steel drills revealed more severe signs of wear. Further studies must be performed to evaluate the putative influence of these findings in heat generation.

Evaluation of Bone Heating, Drill Deformation, and Drill Roughness After Implant Osteotomy: Guided Surgery and Classic Drilling Procedure

Purpose: This study evaluated and compared bone heating, drill deformation, and drill roughness after several implant osteotomies in the guided surgery technique and the classic drilling procedure. Materials and Methods: The tibias of 20 rabbits were used. The animals were divided into a guided surgery group (GG) and a control group (CG); subgroups were then designated (G0, G1, G2, G3, and G4, corresponding to drills used 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 times, respectively). Each animal received 10 sequential osteotomies (5 in each tibia) with each technique. Thermal changes were quantified, drill roughness was measured, and the drills were subjected to scanning electron microscopy. Results: Bone temperature generated by drilling was significantly higher in the GG than in the CG. Drill deformation in the GG and CG increased with drill use, and in the CG a significant difference between GO and groups G3 and G4 was observed. In the GG, a significant difference between GO and all other groups was found. For GG versus CG, a significant difference was found in the 40th osteotomy. Drill roughness in both groups was progressive in accordance with increased use, but there was no statistically significant difference between subgroups or between GG and CG overall. Conclusion: During preparation of implant osteotomies, the guided surgery technique generated a higher bone temperature and deformed drills more than the classic drilling procedure. The increase in tissue temperature was directly proportional to the number of times drills were used, but neither technique generated critical necrosis-inducing temperatures. Drill deformation was directly proportional to the number of times the drills were used. The roughness of the drills was directly proportional to the number of reuses in both groups but tended to be higher in the GG group.

Effect of Er:YAG laser and diamond drill on hybrid layer morphology obtained with self-etch adhesive: analysis by SEM and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM)

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Er:YAG (L) and diamond drills (DD) on: 1) the microshear bond strength (MPa); 2) the adhesive interface of two-step (TS) – Adper Scotchbond Multipurpose and one-step (OS) adhesives – Adper EasyOne, both from 3M ESPE. Material and methods: According to the preparation condition and adhesives, the samples were divided into four groups: DD_TS (control); DD_OS; L_TS and L_OS. 60 bovine incisors were randomly divided into experimental and groups: 40 for microshear bond strength (n = 10) and 20 for the adhesive interface morphology [6 to measure the thickness of the hybrid layer (HL) and length of tags (t) by CLSM (n = 3); 12 to the adhesive interface morphology by SEM (n = 3) and 2 to illustrate the effect of the instruments on dentine by SEM (n = 1)]. To conduct the microshear bond strength test, four cylinders (0.7 mm in diameter and 1 mm in height with area of adhesion of 0.38 mm) were constructed with resin composite (Filtek Z350 XT – 3M ESPE) on each dentin surface treated by either L or DD and after adhesives application. Microshear bond strength was performed in universal testing machine (EMIC 2000) with load cell of 500 kgf and a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm / min. Adhesive interface was characterized by thickness of hybrid layer (HL) and length of tags (t) in nm, with the aid of UTHSCSA ImageTool software. Results: Microshear bond strength values were: L_TS 34.10 ± 19.07, DD_TS 24.26 ± 9.35, L_OS 33.18 ± 12.46, DD_OS 21.24 ± 13.96. Two-way ANOVA resulted in statistically significant differences only for instruments (p = 0.047). Mann-Whitney identified the instruments which determined significant differences for HL thickness and tag length (t). Concerning to the adhesive types, these differences were only observed for (t). Conclusion: It can be concluded that 1) laser Er:YAG results in higher microshear bond strength values regardless of the adhesive system (TS and OS); 2) the tags did not significant affect the microshear bond strength; 3) the adhesive interface was affected by both the instruments for cavity preparation and the type of adhesive system used.

Evaluation of the Integrity of Horse Hoof Dermal and Epidermal Tissues Collected by Dorsal Transmural Access

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Fertilizer distribution mechanisms and side dress nitrogen fertilization in upland rice under no-tillage system

Algumas culturas têm pouca adaptação ao sistema plantio direto (SPD), em vista da alta compactação da camada superficial do solo. Nesse caso, o mecanismo utilizado na semeadora para a abertura dos sulcos para deposição do fertilizante pode ter grande importância no sentido de facilitar a penetração das raízes. Avaliouse a influência do mecanismo de distribuição de fertilizante e da adubação nitrogenada na cultura do arroz de terras altas (Oryza sativa) no sistema plantio direto. O experimento foi conduzido nos anos agrícolas 2001/2002 e 2002/2003, em Botucatu-SP, Brasil. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com parcelas subdivididas e quatro repetições. As parcelas foram constituídas por dois mecanismos de distribuição de fertilizantes (haste sulcadora e disco duplo). Nas subparcelas, quatro níveis de N foram aplicados em cobertura (0, 40, 80 e 120 kg ha-1). Avaliou-se a profundidade de abertura do sulco e de deposição das sementes, a população de plantas, a altura de plantas, o número de colmos e de panículas m-2, o número total de espiguetas por panícula, a fertilidade das espiguetas, a massa de 1.000 grãos, a matéria seca da parte aérea, a produtividade e o teor de N na folha bandeira. O sucesso no estabelecimento da cultura do arroz de terras altas no SPD nas regiões de inverno seco do Brasil está diretamente ligado ao mecanismo de distribuição das semeadoras-adubadoras. A haste sulcadora promoveu maior profundidade de deposição de sementes, conseqüentemente reduzindo o estande, o número de panículas por área e a produtividade. A aplicação de N em cobertura no arroz de terras altas em SPD proporciona maiores produtividades quando a semeadura é realizada com mecanismo de disco duplo.

Use of a Piezo Drill for Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection into Cattle Oocytes Activated with Ionomycin Associated with Roscovitine

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Population structure, feeding and reproductive aspects of Serrapinnus heterodon (Characidae, Cheirodontinae) in a Mogi Guaçu reservoir (SP), upper Paraná River basin

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)