Quantitative control of Lettuce mosaic virus fitness and host defence inhibition by P1-HCPro

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Cardiovascular fitness and cardiovascular risk factors among obese men and women aged 58 years and older, in Portugal

Background: A better physical fitness may have survival advantages in adults. Aim: To analyze the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiovascular risk factors among obese subjects aged 58 years and older. Material and Methods: Cardiorespiratory fitness using the six-minute walk test, body composition by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and blood pressure were measured in a non-representative sample of 76 obese Portuguese subjects aged 58 to 87 years (55 women). Participants were stratified in tertiles of walking capacity according to the six-minute walk test. Results: Six minutes walk test results were negatively correlated with percentage body fat (r = -0.28; p = 0.012) and systolic blood pressure (r = -0.23; p = 0.045). Participants located in the lowest tertile for the six minutes walk test had an odds ratio of 4.34 (95% confidence intervals: 1.02-18.43) for elevated blood pressure. Conclusions: A lower six minutes walk test result is associated with a higher risk for high blood pressure. (Rev Med Chile 2012; 140: 1164-1169).

Physical fitness and associations with anthropometric measurements in 7 to 15-year-old school children

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Use of anaerobic cecal microflora, lactose and acetic acid for the protection of broiler chicks against experimental infection with Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella enteritidis

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Partitioning the relative fitness effects of diet and trophic morphology in the threespine stickleback

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Effect of the aerobic capacity on the validity of the anaerobic threshold for determination of the maximal lactate steady state in cycling

The maximal lactate steady state (MLSS) is the highest blood lactate concentration that can be identified as maintaining a steady state during a prolonged submaximal constant workload. The objective of the present study was to analyze the influence of the aerobic capacity on the validity of anaerobic threshold (AT) to estimate the exercise intensity at MLSS (MLSS intensity) during cycling. Ten untrained males (UC) and 9 male endurance cyclists (EC) matched for age, weight and height performed one incremental maximal load test to determine AT and two to four 30-min constant submaximal load tests on a mechanically braked cycle ergometer to determine MLSS and MLSS intensity. AT was determined as the intensity corresponding to 3.5 mM blood lactate. MLSS intensity was defined as the highest workload at which blood lactate concentration did not increase by more than 1 mM between minutes 10 and 30 of the constant workload. MLSS intensity (EC = 282.1 ± 23.8 W; UC = 180.2 ± 24.5 W) and AT (EC = 274.8 ± 24.9 W; UC = 187.2 ± 28.0 W) were significantly higher in trained group. However, there was no significant difference in MLSS between EC (5.0 ± 1.2 mM) and UC (4.9 ± 1.7 mM). The MLSS intensity and AT were not different and significantly correlated in both groups (EC: r = 0.77; UC: r = 0.81). We conclude that MLSS and the validity of AT to estimate MLSS intensity during cycling, analyzed in a cross-sectional design (trained x sedentary), do not depend on the aerobic capacity.

Determination of anaerobic threshold in rats using the lactate minimum test

The break point of the curve of blood lactate vs exercise load has been called anaerobic threshold (AT) and is considered to be an important indicator of endurance exercise capacity in human subjects. There are few studies of AT determination in animals. We describe a protocol for AT determination by the lactate minimum test in rats during swimming exercise. The test is based on the premise that during an incremental exercise test, and after a bout of maximal exercise, blood lactate decreases to a minimum and then increases again. This minimum value indicates the intensity of the AT. Adult male (90 days) Wistar rats adapted to swimming for 2 weeks were used. The initial state of lactic acidosis was obtained by making the animals jump into the water and swim while carrying a load equivalent to 50% of body weight for 6 min (30-s exercise interrupted by a 30-s rest). After a 9-min rest, blood was collected and the incremental swimming test was started. The test consisted of swimming while supporting loads of 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, 6.0 and 7.0% of body weight. Each exercise load lasted 5 min and was followed by a 30-s rest during which blood samples were taken. The blood lactate minimum was determined from a zero-gradient tangent to a spline function fitting the blood lactate vs workload curve. AT was estimated to be 4.95 ± 0.10% of body weight while interpolated blood lactate was 7.17 ± 0.16 mmol/l. These results suggest the application of AT determination in animal studies concerning metabolism during exercise.

Capacidade funcional, desempenho e solicitação metabólica em futebolistas profissionais durante situação real de jogo monitorados por análise cinematográfica

Foi objetivo deste estudo caracterizar a relação entre o nível de aptidão física, desempenho e solicitação metabólica em futebolistas durante situação real de jogo. Seis jogadores de futebol profissional com média de idade de 20,8 ± 2,6 anos (17-25), peso 70,4 ± 7,5kg (63-81,3) e altura 173,3 ± 9,7cm (166-188), foram submetidos a testes de aptidão física em campo e análise cinematográfica durante a partida. Os testes de aptidão física foram realizados em campo, com medições de lactato sanguíneo. A via metabólica alática foi avaliada por meio de cinco corridas na distância de 30m, em velocidade máxima, com pausa passiva de um minuto entre cada corrida. As concentrações de lactato foram medidas no 1º, 3º e 5º minuto após o término das cinco corridas. Para detecção do limiar anaeróbio foram realizadas 3 corridas de 1.200m nas intensidades de 80, 85 e 90% da velocidade máxima para essa distância, com intervalo passivo de 15 minutos entre cada corrida. As dosagens de lactato sanguíneo foram feitas no 1º, 3º e 5º minuto de repouso passivo após cada corrida. Os futebolistas foram submetidos à filmagem individual durante o transcorrer do jogo e as concentrações de lactato foram medidas antes, no intervalo e no final da partida para análise da solicitação energética e metabólica, respectivamente. Os seguintes resultados foram verificados: 1) o limiar anaeróbio em velocidade de corrida, correspondente à concentração de lactato sanguíneo de 4mmol.L_1 foi encontrado aos 268 ± 28m.min_1 ou 16,1 ± 1,6km.h_1; 2) a velocidade média e a concentração de lactato máximo nas corridas de 30m foram de 6,9 ± 0,2m.s_1 e 4,5 ± 1,0mmol.L_1, respectivamente; 3) a distância total percorrida foi de 10.392 ± 849m, sendo 5.446 ± 550m para o primeiro e 4.945 ± 366m para o segundo tempo, respectivamente; 4) os valores médios encontrados nas concentrações de lactato sanguíneo foram de 1,58 ± 0,37; 4,5 ± 0,42 e 3,46 ± 1,54mmol.L_1 antes, no intervalo do primeiro para o segundo tempo e ao final da a,respectivamente; e 5) a distância média total atingida ao final das partidas pelos jogadores de meio-campo (10.910 ± 121m) foi ligeiramente maior que a percorrida pelos atacantes (10.377 ± 224m) e defensores (9.889 ± 102m), mas não significativa. Houve correlação negativa (r =- 0,84; p < 0,05) entre o limiar anaeróbio (268 ± 28m.min_1 ou 16,1 ± 1,6km.h_1) e a concentração de lactato sanguíneo (4,5 ± 0,4 mmol.L_1) no primeiro tempo do jogo. Portanto, os resultados sugerem que a capacidade aeróbia é um determinante importante para suportar a longa duração da partida e recuperar mais rapidamente os futebolistas dos esforços realizados em alta intensidade, com o desenvolvimento de concentrações de lactato sanguíneo menores ao final do primeiro e segundo tempo das partidas.

Feed restriction and a diet's caloric value: The influence on the aerobic and anaerobic capacity of rats

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Validity of the running anaerobic sprint test for assessing anaerobic power and predicting short-distance performances

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Anaerobic capacity may not be determined by critical power model in elite table tennis players

The aim of the present study was to verify the applicability of anaerobic work capacity (AWC) determined from the critical power model in elite table tennis players. Eight male international level table tennis players participated in the study. The tests undertaken were: 1) A critical frequency test used to determinate the anaerobic work capacity; 2) Wingate tests were performed using leg and arm ergometers. AWC corresponded to 99.5 +/- 29.1 table tennis balls. AWC was not related to peak (r = -0.25), mean (r = -0.02), relative peak (r = -0.49) or relative mean power (r = 0.01), nor fatigue index (r = -0.52) (Wingate leg ergometer). Similar correlations for peak (r = -0.34), mean (r = -0.04), relative peak (r = -0.49), relative mean power (r = -0.14) and peak blood lactate concentration (r = -0.08) were determined in the Wingate arm ergometer test. Based on these results the AWC determined by a modified critical power test was not a good index for measurement of anaerobic capacity in table tennis players.

There is no anaerobic work capacity replenishment at critical power intensity: An indirect evidence

Aim. - This study aimed to test if investigate whether the anaerobic work capacity is replenished while exercising at critical power intensity. Then, a known exercise duration, which demands high anaerobic energy contribution, was compared to intermittent exercise duration with passive and active (cycling at critical power intensity) rest periods.Methods. - Nine participants performed five sessions of testing. From the 1st to the 3rd sessions, individuals cycled continuously at different workloads (P-high, P-intermediate and P-low) in order to estimate the critical power and the anaerobic work capacity. The 4th and 5th sessions were performed in order to determine the influence of anaerobic work capacity replenishment oil exercise duration. They consisted of manipulating the resting type (passive or active) between two cycling efforts. The total exercise duration was determined by the sum of the two cycling efforts duration.Results. - The exercise duration under passive resting condition (408.0 +/- 42.0 s) was longer (p<0.05) than known exercise duration at P-intermediate (T-intermediate = 305.8 +/- 30.5 s) and than exercise duration performed under active resting conditions (T-active = 304.4 +/- 30.7s). However, there was no significant difference between T-intermediate and T-active.Conclusion. - These results demonstrated indirect evidence that the anaerobic work capacity is not replenished while exercising at critical power intensity. (C) 2008 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

The highest intensity and the shortest duration permitting attainment of maximal oxygen uptake during cycling: effects of different methods and aerobic fitness level

The aims of this study were: (1) to verify the validity of previous proposed models to estimate the lowest exercise duration (T (LOW)) and the highest intensity (I (HIGH)) at which VO(2)max is reached (2) to test the hypothesis that parameters involved in these models, and hence the validity of these models are affected by aerobic training status. Thirteen cyclists (EC), eleven runners (ER) and ten untrained (U) subjects performed several cycle-ergometer exercise tests to fatigue in order to determine and estimate T (LOW) (ET (LOW)) and I (HIGH) (EI (HIGH)). The relationship between the time to achieved VO(2)max and time to exhaustion (T (lim)) was used to estimate ET (LOW). EI (HIGH) was estimated using the critical power model. I (HIGH) was assumed as the highest intensity at which VO2 was equal or higher than the average of VO(2)max values minus one typical error. T (LOW) was considered T (lim) associated with I (HIGH). No differences were found in T (LOW) between ER (170 +/- 31 s) and U (209 +/- 29 s), however, both showed higher values than EC (117 +/- 29 s). I (HIGH) was similar between U (269 +/- 73 W) and ER (319 +/- 50 W), and both were lower than EC (451 +/- 33 W). EI (HIGH) was similar and significantly correlated with I-HIGH only in U (r = 0.87) and ER (r = 0.62). ET (LOW) and T (LOW) were different only for U and not significantly correlated in all groups. These data suggest that the aerobic training status affects the validity of the proposed models for estimating I (HIGH).

IMPROVEMENTS IN METABOLIC and NEUROMUSCULAR FITNESS AFTER 12-WEEK BODYPUMP (R) TRAINING

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)