Estudo da influência de tratamentos químicos da fibra de sisal nas propriedades de compósitos com borracha nitrílica

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Colony defensive behavior by the social wasp Polybia (Trichothorax) sericea (Hymenoptera, Vespidae)

This work aimed at evaluating the aggressive response of Polybia sericea, incited by mechanical means, as well as collecting information on the biological and population parameters of this species in Caatinga environments. There were positive correlations (P < 0.05) between the number of aggressors and the number of eggs, larvae and adults present in the nests. These results showed that the magnitude of the defense response exhibited by P. sericea is proportional to the energetic investment carried out by the colony in making young forms. The positive significant correlation between the number of aggressors and the total number of adults of the colony corroborates the hypothesis that colonies with a large population of adults have greater potential to perform what is called defensive altruism.

Effects of mechanical cycling on the bonding of zirconia and fiber posts to human root dentin

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of cyclical mechanical loading on the bond strength of a fiber and a zirconia post bonded to root dentin.Materials and Methods: Forty single-rooted human teeth (maxillary incisors and canines) were sectioned, and the root canals were prepared at 12 mm. Twenty randomly seleced specimens received a quartz fiber post (FRC) (D.T. Light-Post) and 20 others received a zirconia post (ZR) (Cosmopost). The posts were resin luted (All Bond 2 + resin cement Duo-link) and each specimen was embedded in epoxy resin inside a PVC cylinder. Ten specimens with FRC post and 10 specimens with ZR post were submitted to fatigue testing (2,000,000 cycles; load: 50 N; angle of 45 degrees; frequency: 8 Hz), while the other 20 specimens were not fatigued. Thus, 4 groups were formed: G1: FRC+O cycles; G2: FRC+2,000,000 cycles; G3: ZR+O cycles; G4: ZR+2,000,000 cycles. Later, the specimens were cut perpendicular to their long axis to form 2-mm-thick disk-shaped samples (4 sections/specimen), which were submitted to the push-out test (1 mm/min). The mean bond strength values (MPa) were calculated for each tooth (n = 10) and data were submitted to statistical analysis (alpha = 0.05).Results: Two-way ANOVA revealed that the bond strength was significantly affected by mechanical cycling (p = 0.0014) and root post (p = 0.0325). The interaction was also statistically significant (p = 0.0010). Tukey's test showed that the mechanical cycling did not affect the bonding of FRC to root dentin, while fatigue impaired the bonding of zirconium to root dentin.Conclusion: (1) the bond strength of the FRC post to root dentin was not reduced after fatigue testing, whereas the bonding of the zirconia post was significantly affected by the fatigue. (2) Cyclical mechanical loading appears to damage the bond strength of the rigid post only.

LEFT-VENTRICULAR MASS ESTIMATED BY M-MODE ECHOCARDIOGRAM IS NOT ALTERED BY CHANGES IN CARDIAC SHAPE AND DIMENSIONS DUE TO ACUTE ARTERIAL-HYPERTENSION

The effect of changes in left ventricular (LV) shape and dimensions due to acute arterial hypertension induced by mechanical obstruction of the aorta for 10 min on LV mass values estimated by M-mode echocardiogram was studied in 14 anesthetized dogs. Although the systolic pressure increased from 117.5 +/- 19.9 to 175.4 +/- 22.9 mmHg altered ventricular diameter from 2.77 +/- 0.49 cm to 3.17 +/- 0.67 cm (P<0.05) and wall thickness from 0.83 +/- 0.09 to 0.75 +/- 0.09 cm (P<0.05), LV mass estimated before (73.5 +/- 19.1 g) and after (78.3 +/- 26.4 g) hypertension was not significantly different. We demonstrate here for the first time that changes in LV dimensions induced by acute arterial hypertension do not modify LV mass values estimated by the M-mode electrocardiogram method.

Treatment of ligature-induced peri-implantitis by lethal photosensitization and guided bone regeneration: A preliminary histologic study in dogs

Background: the purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the healing potential and reosseointegration in ligature-induced peri-implantitis defects adjacent to various dental implant surfaces following lethal photosensitization.Methods: A total of 36 dental implants with 4 different surface coatings (9 commercially pure titanium surface [CPTi]; 9 titanium plasma-sprayed [TPS]; 9 hydroxyapatite [HA]; and 9 acid-etched [AE]) were inserted in 6 male mongrel dogs 3 months after extraction of mandibular premolars. After a 2-month period of ligature-induced peri-implantitis and 12 months of natural peri-implantitis progression, only 19 dental implants remained. The dogs underwent surgical debridement of the remaining dental implant sites and lethal photosensitization by combination of toluidine blue O (100 mug/ml) and irradiation with diode laser. All exposed dental implant surfaces and bone craters were meticulously cleaned by mechanical means, submitted to photodynamic therapy, and guided bone regeneration (GBR) using expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) membranes. Five months later, biopsies of the implant sites were dissected and prepared for ground sectioning and analysis.Results: the percentage of bone fill was HA: 48.28 +/- 15.00; TPS: 39.54 +/- 12.34; AE: 26.88 +/- 22.16; and CPTi: 26.70 +/- 16.50. The percentage of reosseointegration was TPS: 25.25 +/- 11.96; CPTi: 24.91 +/- 17.78; AE: 17.30 +/- 15.41; and HA: 15.83 +/- 9.64.Conclusion: These data suggest that lethal photosensitization may have potential in the treatment of peri-implantitis.

Influência da deposição de filmes de carbono tipo diamante na infiltração bacteriana pela interface entre implantes e pilares protéticos

Pós-graduação em Odontologia Restauradora - ICT

Sex chromosome composition revealed in Characidium fishes (Characiformes: Crenuchidae) by molecular cytogenetic methods

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Influence of Insertion Techniques for Resin Cement and Mechanical Cycling on the Bond Strength Between Fiber Posts and Root Dentin

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of the insertion technique for resin cement and mechanical cycling on the bond strength between fiber posts and root dentin.Materials and Methods: Sixty-four single-rooted bovine teeth were endodontically prepared to receive glass-fiber posts. The insertion of cement into the root canal was performed using one of the following techniques: POS, insertion with the post; LEN, the use of a lentulo-type drill; EXP, insertion with a straight-tip explorer; or CEN, the use of a Centrix syringe. Half of the specimens were mechanically cycled. All specimens were sectioned into slices of 1.8 mm for the push-out test and 0.5 mm for analysis of the cement layer quality.Results: The insertion technique affected the interaction between factors (bond strength and mechanical cycling; p < 0.0001). Insertion of the Centrix syringe after mechanical cycling showed the highest bond values (13.6 +/- 3.2 MPa). Group-to-group comparisons for baseline and cycled conditions indicated that mechanical cycling significantly influenced the bond strength (p < 0.0001) of the POS and CEN groups. The quality of the cement layer did not differ between the techniques when evaluated in the middle (p = 0.0612) and cervical (p = 0.1119) regions, but did differ in the apical region (p = 0.0097), where the CEN group had better layer quality for the two conditions tested (baseline and cycled).Conclusion: The use of the Centrix syringe improved the homogeneity of the cement layer, reducing the defects in the layer and increasing adhesive strength values to dentin, even after mechanical cycling.

Avaliação mecânica e microbiológica de resinas acrílicas reforçadas com partículas de sílica revestidas com prata

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Eficácia de herbicidas no controle de plantas daninhas na cultura da cebola em semeadura direta

As plantas de cebola provenientes da semeadura direta no campo são mais danificadas pelo cultivo mecânico e são mais sensíveis aos herbicidas, principalmente os latifolicidas, do que quando transplantadas. Com o objetivo de avaliar a eficácia dos herbicidas oxyfluorfen, ioxynil-octanoato e fluazifop-p-butil, aplicados em pós-emergência, isoladamente ou em mistura no tanque, com ou sem aplicação de paraquat, antes da emergência das plantas de cebola, conduziu-se este trabalho no município de Monte Alto, SP. Nenhum dos herbicidas aplicados isoladamente foi eficiente no controle de todas as espécies daninhas presentes na área experimental. As misturas no tanque de fluazifop-p-butil com oxyfluorfen ou ioxynil-octanoato, independente da aplicação ou não de paraquat aos cinco dias após a semeadura, controlaram eficientemente Portulaca oleracea, Amaranthus lividus, Echinochloa crusgalli, Eragrostis pilosa, Digitaria horizontalis, Eleusine indica e Brachiaria plantaginea, com produção de bulbos semelhante à da testemunha capinada.

Qualidade física e fisiológica de semente de soja colhida com sistema de trilha axial sob diferentes velocidades de operação e rotações do cilindro trilhador

A colheita mecanizada é ferramenta fundamental no processo produtivo das grandes culturas; se não for realizada adequadamente, poderá resultar em danos mecânicos severos às sementes, acarretando, prejuízos significativos na colheita, particularmente devido à redução da qualidade. Visando a avaliar os danos causados na colheita mecanizada de soja, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar o efeito do sistema de trilha axial sobre a percentagem de bandinhas, impurezas e sementes quebradas de soja cv. M-Soy 8001, em função da velocidade de trabalho e rotação do cilindro trilhador. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, em parcelas subdivididas, avaliando-se duas rotações do cilindro trilhador (400 e 500 rpm) e três velocidades de operação (3,5; 4,5 e 5,5 km h-1), com três repetições. Os resultados obtidos indicam que as combinações de velocidade de operação e rotações do cilindro de trilha avaliadas não afetam as variáveis vigor, impurezas, bandinha, emergência em areia e índice de velocidade de germinação e que o aumento da rotação de 400 para 500 rpm ocasiona o aumento de sementes quebradas.

Desempenho da colhedora de milho Penha CLM-350: parte I - sistema espigador

Com o propósito de avaliar a colhedora Penha CLM-350, visando fornecer subsídios aos projetos e usuários, realizou-se o presente trabalho, onde foi estudada a eficácia do sistema espigador, determinando-se a porcentagem de milho colhido para os diversos tratamentos estudados. Definiu-se um parâmetro adimensional U, que é a relação entre a velocidade periférica dos roletes e a velocidade de deslocamento da colhedora. Procurou-se relacionar as diversos tratamentos U, com os valores percentuais de grãos de milho colhidos e perdidos no solo. Os resultados foram estudados através da análise de variância, empregando-se o teste F, aos níveis de 1% e 5% de probabilidade e o teste Tukey para a comparação estatística entre as médias.

Soybean root growth and yield in rotation with cover crops under chiseling and no-till

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Thermoplastic starch/natural rubber blends

Thermoplastic starch/natural rubber polymer blends were prepared using directly natural latex and cornstarch. The blends were prepared in an intensive batch mixer at 150 degreesC, with natural rubber content varying from 2.5 to 20%. The blends were characterised by mechanical analysis (stress-strain) and by scanning electron microscopy. The results revealed a reduction in the modulus and in tensile strength, becoming the blends less brittle than thermoplastic starch alone. Phase separation was observed in some compositions and was dependent on rubber and on plasticiser content (glycerol). Increasing plasticiser content made possible the addition of higher amounts of rubber. The addition of rubber was, however, limited by phase separation the appearance of which depended on the glycerol content. Scanning electron microscopy showed a good dispersion of the natural rubber in the continuos phase of thermoplastic starch matrix. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. Ltd. All rights reserved.

Transducer Loading Effect on the Performance of PZT-Based SHM Systems

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)