Estudo comparativo da constituição nutricional da madeira e casca de espécies e clones de Eucalipto visando o cultivo de Shiitake em toras

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Influence of belt speed, grit sizes and pressure on the sanding of Eucalyptus grandis wood

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Produtividade de madeira do eucalipto correlacionada com atributos do solo visando ao mapeamento de zonas específicas de manejo

The perfect spatial intervention to manage the cultivation of the land, deriving from specific regions of the soil mapping, increases the agricultural productivity, as well as its clear gain. The relationships, spatial and Pearson, between eucalyptus data plant with some physical and chemical attributes of soil, in the growing season of 2011, in Selviria County, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil (20 degrees 20' S lat.; 51 degrees 24' W long.), were studied in order to obtain the one that could have the best relationship in order to improve the wood productivity. Thus, a geostatistical grid was installed for the soil and plant data collection, it contained 120 sample points, in plantation of Eucalyptus camaldulensis of 2 years old. The soil was a Dystrophic Red Latosol (Haplic Acrustox) whit slope of 0.025m m(-1). Due to their excellent relationship with wood productivity, the basis diameter of the crown and the bulk density showed management specific regions of soil whit high relation to eucalyptus wood productivity.

Inter-relação da produtividade de madeira do pinus com atributos físico-químicos de um latossolo do cerrado brasileiro

Com relação aos atributos do solo, a produtividade de madeira do pinus varia substancialmente em função do pH, do teor de matéria orgânica e da resistência à penetração. No ano de 2007, no Município de Selvíria (MS) foi analisada a produtividade de madeira do Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis, em função de alguns atributos físico-químicos de um Latossolo Vermelho Distrófico estabelecido num maciço florestal com 21 anos de idade. O objetivo foi selecionar, entre os atributos pesquisados do solo, aquele que melhor se apresentasse para explicar a variabilidade da produtividade de madeira. Para tanto, foi instalado um grid geoestatístico, para a coleta dos dados do solo e da planta, contendo 121 pontos amostrais, numa área de 3 ha do referido maciço. A produtividade de madeira variou diretamente com o pH do solo, tanto linear quanto espacialmente, com valores de 27,0-32,6 m³ ha-1 ano-1 e 3,9-4,4, respectivamente. Nos maiores, 32,6-36,9 m³ ha-1 ano-1 e 4,4-4,9. Dessa forma, o pH revelou ser um apreciável indicador da qualidade química do solo quando o objetivo foi estimar, linear e espacialmente, a produtividade de madeira da essência florestal pesquisada nas condições do Cerrado brasileiro do Sudeste do Estado do Mato Grosso do Sul.

Mercury in Amazonian fish from Madeira River basin, Rondonia state, Brazil

This investigation was carried out at the Madeira River basin, located in the state of Rondonia, Brazilian Amazon. Fish from Madeira, Jaciparana, and Jamari rivers between 7 and 11 degrees parallels south and between 62 and 65 degrees meridians west in Rondonia state, Brazil, were sampled and chemically analyzed for mercury in order to evaluate if the inputs of this metal into the food-chain is occurring in levels reaching values above those recommended by the World Health Organization. This is because such an element is very dangerous when ingested by humans and its presence was extensively identified some years ago in the area, since it was utilized as an amalgam in processes for recovering alluvial gold.

Preference ratios for mercury and other chemical elements in the Madeira River, Brazil

Samples of water, suspended solids, and bottom sediments from the Madeira River, Rondonia state, Brazil, were physically and chemically analyzed to investigate the actual Hg mobilization in the aquatic environment and compare it with that of other heavy metals and elements in the area. Two dimensionless Hg preference ratios were defined, expressing (1) the ratio of Hg and other elements in the liquid phase divided by the ratio of Hg and other elements in bottom sediments (P(l.phase)) and (2) the ratio of Hg and other elements in the particulate matter divided by the ratio of Hg and other elements in bottom sediments (P(s.solids)). These preference ratios are useful for comparing Hg transport in three different phases (liquid, particulate matter, and bottom sediments). They also were applicable to any analyzed elementin the area studied, because they generated an almost constant value when the maximum calculated was divided by the minimum (P(l.phase) = 2931; P(s.solids) = 84) and because of their sensitivity to the dominance of sorption processes by Fe oxides and hydroxides. Mercury could be transported preferentially to other analyzed elements in the particulate phase only if its concentration reached values at least 10(4)-fold higher than those expected or quantified in the area. (C) 2002 Elsevier B.V. Ltd. All rights reserved.

Anatomia e uso da madeira de duas variedades de Sclerolobium paniculatum Vog. do sul do Maranhão, Brasil

O presente estudo traz informações sobre a utilização da madeira de duas variedades de Sclerolobium paniculatum (var. subvelutinum e rubiginosum) em propriedades rurais do sul do Maranhão, a análise anatômica do lenho e a correlação destas características com o uso da madeira. Foram realizadas entrevistas com 17 agricultores residentes na zona rural dessa região, com a finalidade de se conhecer a utilização destas variedades nas propriedades rurais. As variedades subvelutinum Benth. e rubiginosum (Mart. ex Tul. ) Benth. são conhecidas na região como cachamorra-preta e cachamorra-branca, respectivamente, sendo a primeira mais utilizada na confecção de cercados. Para o estudo anatômico do lenho, foram coletados discos à altura do peito de três indivíduos de cada variedade e, destes, obtidas amostras do cerne, na região de transição com o alburno. As amostras foram processadas de acordo com a metodologia usual para anatomia de madeira. Houve diferença estatística significativa (p<0,05) para seis parâmetros anatômicos entre as duas variedades. A utilização diferencial das variedades pode ser decorrente, principalmente, das características das fibras e dos elementos de vasos. Sugere-se que sejam realizados estudos que abordem variações climáticas e características do solo para melhor entendimento das diferenças anatômicas quantitativas encontradas no lenho das variedades.

Cinética da remoção dos extrativos da madeira de Eucalyptus grandis durante polpação Kraft

Kinetics of the removal of Eucalyptus grandis wood extractives during Kraft pulping. The objective of this work was to study the kinetics of the removal of Eucalyptus grandis wood extractives during Kraft pulping. The pulping was done in steel tubular reactors using wood saw under the following conditions: active alkali = 14%, sulfidity = 25%; liquor-to-wood ratio = 10 L kg(-1) of dry wood; and temperatures of 130, 150, 160 and 180 C during 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 minutes. After pulping, analyses were conducted of the yield and extractives in residue (pulp and reject). Total extractives (ethyl alcohol-toluene (1:2), ethyl alcohol and hot water, respectively) and soluble extractives in acetone were analyzed. The results showed that most extractives are degraded in the first 30 minutes of the pulping process. It was observed that the removal occurs in two different stages: the first is rapid, where the majority of the extractives are removed, and the last is slow, where few extractives are removed.

Variação da massa específica da madeira de Eucalyptus grandis aos 8 anos de idade em função de diferentes níveis de produtividade

It were analyzed Eucalyptus grandis trees of 8 years old in the forest group of Duraflora S/A, with different annual increments based on volume, to the related studies of specific gravity values based on productivity indexes. The methodology used in analysis of specific gravity was the gamma-ray attenuation technique of Americium-241. The Eucalyptus grandis showed a specific gravity decreasing with the increasing of parcel productivity. For a gain of 3,5 m3 in productivity there was a decreasing of 1% in specific gravity. Nevertheless, it was not observed correlation between specific gravity and basal area in a same parcel. The present work stands out too, some of the difficulties found with relation to wood specific gravity determinations and emphasize the importance of take samples in the form of full rounded plates in three or four relative positions in the tree.

Geogenic factors affecting the selenium(IV) distribution in sediments from Madeira River Basin, Brazil

This investigation was carried out at the Madeira River basin, located in the state of Rondônia, Brazilian Amazon. Sediments from Madeira River between Teotônio and Santo Antônio waterfalls along 25 km upstream from Porto Velho, the capital of Rondônia state, and from nine lakes located around Porto Velho municipality were chemically analyzed for Se (IV) in order to evaluate the main factors affecting the Se(IV) distribution in the environment, Selenite ion was chosen to investigate the selenium behavior in the area, because acid conditions are dominant there. The importance of clays, iron oxides, organic matter and minor refractory minerals was considered in order to explain most of the obtained data.

Propriedades de contração na madeira juvenil e adulta de Pinus taeda L.

This paper had the objective of studying variability of radial, tangential, longitudinal and volumetric shrinkage between the juvenile and mature wood, from a 35 year-old Pinus taeda L., from Horto Florestal of Manduri at São Paulo State, Brazil. First of all the experimental program determinations were related to the juvenile wood, region of the transition and region of the mature wood, using anatomical analysis (length of the axial tracheids), according to ABNT and IAWA codes. Results had shown that the area of juvenile wood of this species occurs approximately until the 20th growth ring, being more representative until the 12th ring. The transition area of this wood occurs between the 12th and 20th growth ring. In the second part of the work the shrinkage of the juvenile and mature wood were evaluated. Values of the radial, tangential and volumetric shrinkage were smaller and more variable on the juvenile wood. The longitudinal shrinkage did not present significant differences between the two wood types; medium values were slightly inferior and very variable on juvenile wood related to mature wood.

Retratibilidade da madeira de Pinus caribæa var. hondurensis e de Eucalyptus grandis e suas relações com a umidade e densidade

It had been studied the dimensional variations Pinus caribæa var. hondurensis and Eucalyptus grandiswood, emphasizing the axial, radial, tangential and volumetric shrinkage. The results had shown that the volumetric shrinkage of Pinus and Eucalyptus varied according to an exponential curve, R V=R Vmaxe -ku. The total or maximum volumetric shrinkage showed a linear behavior with the specific gravity on basis of ovendry mass and volume and the same behavior as respect of the specific gravity, where the adjusted equations were, respectively: R vmax = 3,01 + 19,15,oo e R vmax = 1,96 + 24,28,ob. It was also verified that the tangential shrinkage was 1,3 times greater than the radial one and 9,0 times greater than the axial one.

Parâmetros genéticos para caracteres de crescimento, de produção e tecnológicos da madeira em clones de Eucalyptus spp

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Mensuração do comprimento das fibras para a determinação da madeira juvenil em Eucalyptus citriodora

The juvenile wood has peculiar characteristics from the anatomical structure and physical-mechanical properties, considering these aspects the knowledge of the wood is essential for wood adequate utilization. The aim of this work was to determinate the zone of juvenile wood of pith-bark direction in Eucalyptus citriodora. The juvenile and mature wood zones were determined across fiber length measurement in various height in the tree stem. Results showed that juvenile wood zone occurs approximately up to the 45 at 55 mm from the pith.