Condutividade hidráulica de um Latossolo Vermelho em pousio e cultivo intensivo

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Caracterização bromatológica de oito linhagens de Lentinula edodes (Shiitake) cultivadas em toras de Eucalyptus grandis

O Lentinula edodes é um alimento de qualidade elevada, sendo rico em proteínas, vitaminas e sais minerais e pobre em calorias e gorduras. No entanto, seu valor nutricional varia em função da linhagem cultivada, do processamento após a colheita, do estágio de desenvolvimento do basidioma e do substrato utilizado. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar bromatologicamente os basidiomas de oito linhagens de L. edodes (LE-95/01, LE-95/02, LE-95/07, LE-96/17, LE-96/18, LE-98/47, LE-98/55 e LE-96/13), inteiros ou em partes (estípete e píleo), produzidos em toras de E. grandis. Verificou-se que tanto as linhagens de L. edodes como as partes dos basidiomas analisados influenciaram nas respostas nutricionais das amostras. O estípete apresentou as maiores médias de fibra bruta e as menores médias de proteína bruta. O píleo, por sua vez, apresentou as maiores médias de cinzas. Nas avaliações de basidiomas inteiros, as maiores médias, quanto ao teor de proteína bruta, foram obtidas nas linhagens LE-95/07, LE-96/17 e LE-96/18. Já a maior média de fibra bruta foi obtida pela linhagem LE-96/13 de L. edodes. O conteúdo de lipídios do píleo e do estípete não variaram entre as linhagens de L. edodes.

Análise comparativa entre a fecundidade de Dilocarcinus pagei Stimpson e Sylviocarcinus australis Magalhães & Turkay (Crustacea, Decapoda, Trichodactylidae) no Pantanal do Rio Paraguai, Porto Murtinho, Mato Grosso do Sul

The aim of this study was to estimate the fecundity of Dilocarcinus pagei Stimpson, 1861 and Sylviocarcinus australis Magalhães & Turkay, 1996, collected in the Paraguay River, Porto Murtinho County, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, between coordinates 21º42,000'S 57º33,649'W and 21º41,449'S 57º33,770'W, in the period of April 1999 to March 2000. After general collection procedures, the specimens were measured and processed in laboratory conditions. The river water crab species hatch like juveniles and, frequently, female specimens were observed carrying eggs in different stages of development, besides juveniles and eggs at the same time. It was apparent in the frequency distributions that D. pagei has a carapace width average greater than S. australis. The number of eggs and juveniles transported varied amongst species and amongst size class. A size superposition was observed between young and adult females for both species. According to the calculated fecundity index, D. pagei presented slightly more elevated values (7.41) than S. australis (6.65). Eggs are spherical and are not adhering to pleopods. Egg size did not varied during development, continuing with 2mm diameters.

Conservação de maracujá-doce pelo uso de cera e choque a frio

Estudou-se o efeito do choque a frio e da cera, na conservação pós-colheita do maracujá-doce (Passiflora alata Dryander), verificando as principais alterações físicas e químicas durante o armazenamento. Os frutos, colhidos no estádio pré-climatérico, foram desinfetados com hipoclorito de sódio e em seguida, submetidos aos tratamentos: testemunha; cera Sta fresh (1:2); choque frio (-2°C por 2 horas) + cera Sta fresh (1:2); choque frio (-2°C por 2 horas). Os frutos foram avaliados a cada 6 dias quanto a perda de peso, textura, rendimento de suco, sólidos solúveis totais e acidez total titulável. Após 30 dias a 9°C e 85-90% UR, pode-se concluir que o tratamento mais adequado à conservação do maracujá-doce foi o que utilizou a cera Sta Fresh. Os tratamentos com choque a frio e com choque a frio + cera não foram eficientes para manutenção da qualidade pós-colheita do maracujá-doce.

SOCIAL-CONTROL OF GROWTH IN FISH

This review concerns the phenomenon of heterogeneous growth (Het-G) in fish. Het-G is characterized by different growth rates between conspecifics. Although genetic determination on Het-G is recognized, grouping increases the difference in size between conspecifics. This review focuses on population factors and the mechanisms underlying the socially mediated Het-G are summarized and discussed. The aim of this paper is to arrive at a general statement explaining why grouping decreases mean growth and why it suppresses growth only in some individuals. The mechanisms described are: a) food competition, b) chemical factors released by conspecifics, and c) social stress. Social stress is analyzed in terms of the effect on appetite, digestive processes and metabolism. It is proposed that the predominant mechanism promoting socially mediated growth suppression is related to the social habit of the species. The biological significance of growth heterogeneity in fish is also discussed. Growth variability is suggested as an adaptative strategy to optimize survival of the population in a restricted space.

Appraisal of the chelipeds size on Hepatus-pudibundus (Herbst, 1785) (Crustacea, Calappidae) in function of sex and maturation

This paper appraises the influence of chelipeds on sexual and maturation phasis of the crab Hepatus pudibundus (Herbst, 1785), collected in Ubatuba (SP) region. The allometric constants obtained from the regression (carapace width X cheliped weight) adjusted to a power function (Y=aX(b)) were analysed. It was verified that males show larger chelipeds than females. The mean percentage of the chelipeds weight differs in sex and maturation.

Equivalence of many-gluon Green's functions in the Duffin-Kemmer-Petieu and Klein-Gordon-Fock statistical quantum field theories

We prove the equivalence of many-gluon Green's functions in the Duffin-Kemmer-Petieu and Klein-Gordon-Fock statistical quantum field theories. The proof is based on the functional integral formulation for the statistical generating functional in a finite-temperature quantum field theory. As an illustration, we calculate one-loop polarization operators in both theories and show that their expressions indeed coincide.

Purification and partial characterization of cathepsin D from porcine (Sus scrofa) liver using affinity chromatography

Cathepsin D, a lysosomal aspartic protease, has been purified from porcine liver using a combination of pepstatin-A agarose and Affi-Gel Blue affinity chromatography, followed by size-exclusion chromatography. The purified protein consists of two polypeptide chains of 15 and 30 kDa, and has an isoelectric point of 6.8. Porcine liver cathepsin D has maximum activity at pH 2.5-3.0 as determined by its activity against hemoglobin, with a K-cat of 14.3 s(-1) and a k(cat)/K-M of 2.70 x 10(6) s(-1) M-1 as determined by the hydrolysis of a fluorogenic peptide substrate.

Population variation in patch and party size in muriquis (Brachyteles arachnoides)

We examined the relationship between food patch size and feeding party size with comparative data from two populations of muriquis (Brachyteles arachnoides) in the 37,797-ha forest at the Parque Estadual de Carlos Botelho (PECB), São Paulo, and the 800-ha forest at the Estacao Biologica de Caratinga (EBC), Minas Gerais. Precipitation Mins more abundant and less seasonal at PECB than EBC, and the density of large trees (>25.0 cm) was higher at PECB (206 ha(-1)) than at EBC (132 ha(-1)). At both sites, the size of feeding parties is positively related to the size of food patches, As predicted, food parches at PECB are significantly larger than those at EBC for both fruit and leaf sources. Contrary to expectations, feeding parties were larger at EEC than PECB, the higher population density of muriquis and sympatric primates at EBC may make large associations more advantageous to these muriquis than to muriquis living at lower population densities in PECB.

Thermal studies on nickel(II) 4-iodopyrazole complexes

This work describes the synthesis, IR and UV-Vis spectroscopic characterization as well the thermal behavior of the [NiCl2(HIPz)(4)]center dot C3H6O (1), [Ni(H2O)(2)(HIPz)(4)](NO3)(2) (2), [Ni(NCS)(2)(HIPz)(4)] (3) and [Ni(N-3)(2)(HIPz)(4)] (4) (HIPz = 4-iodopyrazole) pyrazolyl complexes. TG experiments reveal that the compounds 1-4 undergo thermal decomposition in three or four mass loss steps yielding NiO as final residue, which was identified by X-ray powder diffraction.

Artrópodes associados ao excremento de aves poedeiras

A research about arthropode fauna in laying hen excrement was carried out in a poultry house in the State of São Paulo, from January 2001 to December 2002. The objective was to verify the frequency of Diptera and Coleoptera collected by Berlese funil and flutuation methods, and to show correlation between the collect methods and sazonality possible in the currents seasons. A total of 29,499 insects were collected from seventy five collects, being 16,702 Diptera (six families) and 12,797 Coleoptera (four families). Some arthropodes presented direct relation with the collect method, the seasons of the years and the rainfall precipitation, with significant increase in the number of insects collected in certain periods of the year.

Synthesis and structural characterization of a new polymeric zinc(II) complex with thiophene-2-carboxylic acid

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)