Condutividade elétrica da solução nutritiva para o cultivo do crisântemo em vaso

Em se tratando do crisântemo de vaso, que constitui relevante contribuição à atividade de plantas ornamentais, ainda há necessidade de uma recomendação consistente sobre a condutividade elétrica (CE) da solução nutritiva para seu cultivo. Nesse sentido, realizou-se um experimento em ambiente protegido, objetivando avaliar o crescimento do crisântemo cv. Miramar cultivado em vaso, em função da CE da solução nutritiva e da lixiviação de sais do substrato. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições; os tratamentos foram distribuídos em esquema fatorial 5 x 2, referentes aos valores de CE da solução nutritiva (2,1; 2,8; 3,5; 4,2; e 4,9 dS m-1), em substrato com e sem lavagem para lixiviação dos sais. O aumento da CE inibiu o crescimento e desempenho vegetativo, mas estimulou o diâmetro da haste. A lixiviação dos sais estimulou, exceto quanto ao diâmetro da haste, o maior crescimento avaliado pelas demais variáveis fitotécnicas. A CE de 2,1 dS m-1 possibilita a produção de crisântemo dentro de padrões qualitativos de comercialização, mediante lixiviação periódica do substrato.

Digestible methionine plus cystine requirements of ISA Label broilers reared in free-range system

Three assays were carried out to determine the digestible methionine+cystine (Met+Cys) requirement for ISA Label broilers from both sexes. The birds were reared in free range system on starting phase (1 to 28 days), growing phase (28 to 56 days) and finishing phase (56 to 84 days). Four hundred and eighty birds were distributed into 24 pens, each one composed of shelter (3.13 m(2)) and pasture (72.87 m(2)). The experimental design was completely randomized with eight treatments as factorial arrangement (four Met+Cys levels and two sexes) with three replicates of 20 birds. The digestible Met+Cys levels were 0.532; 0.652; 0.772; 0.892% for starting phase; 0.515; 0.635; 0.755; 0.875% for growing phase and 0.469; 0.589; 0.709; 0.829% for finishing phase. The analyzed parameters were performance, carcass yield, body protein and fat deposition, weight and protein concentration in feathers. In the starting phase, the digestible Met+Cys level estimated for males was 0.765 and 0.803% for females, corresponding to 0.252 and 0.268% of Met+Cys/Mcal of ME, respectively. For the growing phase, the digestible Met+Cys level estimated was 0.716% for both sexes, corresponding to 0.235% of Met+Cys/Mcal of ME. For the finishing phase, the Met+Cys levels were 0.756 and 0.597% for males and females, corresponding to 0.244 and 0.193% of Met+Cys/Mcal of ME respectively.

In Vitro Ultrasound Influence on Cutaneous Permeation of Hyaluronidase

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Épocas de la aplicación de desecantes en el cultivo de la soja: tenor de agua y productividad

Los herbicidas glifosato y paraquat son utilizados por los productores de soja con el objetivo de desecar las plantas, anticipar y uniformizar la cosecha. Sin embargo, el uso indiscriminado de herbicidas puede causar problemas eventualmente en las características agronómicas y fisiológicas del cultivo. El presente trabajo tuvo por objetivo evaluar la utilización de los herbicidas glifosato y paraquat como desecantes para el cultivo de la soja. El experimento fue llevado a cabo en el año agrícola 2005/06, en un delineamiento experimental de bloques al azar, con cuatro repeticiones. Los tratamientos fueron dispuestos en dos esquemas factoriales, 3x3x5x2 y 3x2x5x2: dos desecantes (glifosato y paraquat) y un testigo (sin desecación), aplicación de los desecantes en tres y dos estadios fenológicos de las plantas (R6, R7 y R8) y (R7 y R8), para las variedades MSOY 6101 de ciclo superprecoz, y MG/BR 46 (Conquista) de ciclo precoz, respectivamente, cinco épocas de muestreo (2; 4; 6; 8 y 10 días después de la aplicación) y evaluación en dos posiciones en la planta (ápice y base). Fue evaluada la producción de semillas, masa y tenor de agua de 100 semillas. Los desecantes evaluados fueron eficientes en la reducción del tenor de agua de las semillas, sin afectar la productividad y la masa de 100 semillas.

Alterações hemodinâmicas durante o pneumoperitônio em cães ventilados com volume e pressão controlados

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Não existem estudos que associem os efeitos determinados pelas modalidades ventilatórias às repercussões hemodinâmicas durante o pneumoperitônio. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as alterações na hemodinâmica determinadas pelo pneumoperitônio em cães com ventilação por volume e pressão controlados. MÉTODO: Dezesseis cães anestesiados com tiopental sódico e fentanil foram divididos em grupo 1, volume controlado, e grupo 2, pressão controlada, e submetidos ao pneumoperitônio de 10 e 15 mmHg. Foram estudados freqüência cardíaca, pressão arterial média, pressão de átrio direito, pressão de artéria pulmonar ocluída, índice cardíaco, índice de resistência vascular sistêmica e vasopressina plasmática. Os dados foram coletados em 4 momentos. M1 - antes do pneumoperitônio, M2 - 30 minutos após pneumoperitônio com 10 mmHg, M3 - 30 minutos após pneumoperitônio com 15 mmHg, M4 - 30 minutos após a deflação do pneumoperitônio. RESULTADOS: Os resultados mostraram aumento no índice cardíaco, nas pressões de átrio direito e de artéria pulmonar ocluída em M2 e M3, em ambos os grupos. A vasopressina não variou durante o procedimento e o índice de resistência vascular sistêmica não aumentou, proporcionando estabilidade da pressão arterial média em ambos os grupos. CONCLUSÕES: As modalidades ventilatórias não determinaram diferenças na resposta hemodinâmica entre os grupos estudados. A técnica anestésica utilizada e as pressões intra-abdominais alcançadas determinaram estabilidade da pressão arterial média, provavelmente decorrente da ausência do aumento no índice da resistência vascular sistêmica.

Evaluation of Diuron (3-[3,4-dichlorophenyl]-1,1-dimethyl urea) in a Two-stage Mouse Skin Carcinogenesis Assay

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Plasma glutathione of HIV+ patients responded positively and differently to dietary supplementation with cysteine or glutamine

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Capacitação de profissionais da atenção primária à saúde para educação em Diabetes Mellitus

Objective: To present the proposal of educational workshops on diabetes and a strategy of evaluation aimed at upgrading the professionals' performance in primary care. Methods: The workshops were implemented using participatory methodology, play techniques, experiences, and group dynamics, involving the participation of 85 health professionals from Units of Primary Care, in the city of Belo Horizonte, MG. The knowledge about the disease and the skills required for self-care were measured by applying specific instruments. The workshops were evaluated based on the instrument: developed for that purpose. Results: There were limitations in the knowledge of professionals about pathophysiology and the disease's complementary tests. The workshops helped to awaken the potential of professionals (reflection, criticism and creativity) necessary to change the educational process. It was considered a pedagogical strategy, easy to understand, interactive and playful. Conclusions: The workshops contributed to the planning of the educational process and the structuring of an evaluation model of practices of health and education promotion in diabetes.

Effects of Er,Cr:YSGG Laser Irradiation on Root Surfaces for Adhesion of Blood Components and Morphology

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

An improved mouth-piece to prevent environmental contamination during radioaerosol inhalation procedures

The literature suggests that environmental contamination is common during labeled aerosol inhalation procedures in nuclear medicine. We have tested an adherent mask to prevent environmental contamination in 70 procedures. Two groups of patients were evaluated, Group 1 (60 inhalation cases in which the mask was used) presented no environmental contamination in 95% of the procedures (means of 553 dpm and 596 dpm before and after inhalation, p > 0.05, mean of the differences before/after inhalation 6.95, SD = 21.2 dpm) and the only 3 cases in which contamination did occur concerned bearded men; Group 2 (10 inhalation cases in which the mask was not used) showed large increases of environmental radioactive levels in 70% of the procedures (means of 601 dpm and 2,756 dpm before and after inhalation, p < 0.05, mean of the differences 3,066, SD = 2,98 dpm), We conclude that such a mask is very helpful in avoiding environmental contamination during radioaerosol inhalation procedures.

Snake venom phospholipase A(2) inhibitors: Medicinal chemistry and therapeutic potential

Phospholipases A(2) (PLA(2)s) are commonly found in snake venoms from Viperidae, Hydrophidae and Elaphidae families and have been extensively studied due to their pharmacological and physiopathological effects in living organisms. This article reports a review on natural and artificial inhibitors of enzymatic, toxic and pharmacological effects induced by snake venom PLA(2)s. These inhibitors act on PLA(2)S through different mechanisms, most of them still not completely understood, including binding to specific domains, denaturation, modification of specific amino acid residues and others. Several substances have been evaluated regarding their effects against snake venoms and isolated toxins, including plant extracts and compounds from marine animals, mammals and snakes serum plasma, in addition to poly or monoclonal antibodies and several synthetic molecules. Research involving these inhibitors may be useful to understand the mechanism of action of PLA(2)s and their role in envenomations caused by snake bite. Furthermore, the biotechnological potential of PLA(2) inhibitors may provide therapeutic molecular models with antiophidian activity to supplement the conventional serum therapy against these multifunctional enzymes.

Seasonal population dynamics in Lucilia eximia (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Calliphoridae)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Population structure of the malaria vector Anopheles darlingi in Rondônia, Brazilian Amazon, based on mitochondrial DNA

Anopheles darlingi is the most important Brazilian malaria vector, with a widespread distribution in the Amazon forest. Effective strategies for vector control could be better developed through knowledge of its genetic structure and gene flow among populations, to assess the vector diversity and competence in transmitting Plasmodium. The aim of this study was to assess the genetic diversity of An. darlingi collected at four locations in Porto Velho, by sequencing a fragment of the ND4 mitochondrial gene. From 218 individual mosquitoes, we obtained 20 different haplotypes with a diversity index of 0.756, equivalent to that found in other neotropical anophelines. The analysis did not demonstrate significant population structure. However, haplotype diversity within some populations seems to be over-represented, suggesting the presence of sub-populations, but the presence of highly represented haplotypes complicates this analysis. There was no clear correlation among genetic and geographical distance and there were differences in relation to seasonality, which is important for malarial epidemiology.

Evolutionary perspectives on seed consumption and dispersal by fishes

Fishes probably were the first vertebrate seed dispersers, yet little research has examined this phenomenon. We review evidence of fruit and seed consumption by fishes, and analyze the evolution of frugivory and granivory using South American serrasalmids as a model. Frugivory and granivory are observed among diverse fish taxa worldwide, although most reports are from the Neotropics. Frugivory and granivory among serrasalmids apparently are derived from omnivory, with powerful jaws and specialized dentition appearing as major adaptations. No particular fruit traits seem to be associated with seed dispersal by fishes (ichthyochory). Recent experimental evidence of ichthyochory suggests that fishes can influence riparian vegetation dynamics. Because of deleterious human impacts on aquatic ecosystems worldwide, many critical interactions between plants and fishes have been disrupted before they could be studied. Exotic frugivorous fishes have recently become established on foreign continents, with unknown ecological consequences.

Production and characteristics comparison of crude beta-glucosidases produced by microorganisms Thermoascus aurantiacus e Aureobasidium pullulans in agricultural wastes

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)