Nota sobre a biologia de "Microdon tigrinus" (Diptera: Syrphidae), parasito social de "Acromyrmex coronatus" (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

The fly of the syrphid Microdon tigrinus is a specific social parasite of leaf-cutting ant, Acromyrmex coronatus. Six colonies of Acromyrmex coronatus were collected in plastic containers, which there was a layer of 1 cm of plaster, with the purpose of maintaining the humidity of fungus culture. Larvae of social parasite were separate for the establishment of instars number, through morphometric study. The data were measured of 165 larvae, using spiracle (length (Ls), width (Ws) and distance between spiracle (Ds)). After that, the morphometric data obtained for the larvae were submitted to cluster analysis by Wong's hybrid method, which produces the adequate number of groups through pseudo F-statistics and pseudo t-squared statistics. The three morphometric variables studied permitted grouping of larvae into the following three distinct groups: cluster 1 [long dash] consisting of 55 larvae (Ls=0.177[plus or minus]0.026, Ws=0.163[plus or minus]0.030, Ds=0.052[plus or minus]0.008 mm); cluster 2 - consisting of 20 larvae (Ls=0.631[plus or minus]0.065, Ws=0.630[plus or minus]0.049, Ds=0.065[plus or minus]0.018 mm); cluster 3 - consisting of 90 larvae (Ls=1.294[plus or minus]0.062, Ws=1.308[plus or minus]0.069, Ds=0.140[plus or minus]0.018 mm). of the all couples, only 1 obtained success in the mating, and the female, after 24 hours, began the oviposition. The female layed 76 eggs in a period of 6 days, after that, her death. The larvae emerged in the seventh day (incubation period [plus or minus] 7 days). From 76 eggs, 54 were viable, with a viability of 71.05%. This study contributes to the knowledge of Microdon tigrinus biology of, a social parasite poorly studied in Brazil.

Importância do fluxo de massa e difusão no suprimento de potássio ao algodoeiro como variável de água e potássio no solo

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Degradação luminosa e retenção foliar dos corantes azul brilhante FDC-1 e amarelo tartrasina FDC-5 utilizados como traçadores em pulverizações

Três estudos foram conduzidos no Núcleo de Pesquisas Avançadas em Matologia (NUPAM) pertencente à UNESP/FCA - campus de Botucatu-SP, com o objetivo de avaliar a estabilidade dos corantes Azul Brilhante FDC-1 e Amarelo Tartrasina FDC-5 quanto a diferentes períodos de exposição à luz solar e contato com folhas de Eichhornia crassipes. No primeiro estudo, soluções de 0,3125, 0,625, 1,25, 2,5, 5, 10 e 20 ppm dos corantes Azul Brilhante FDC-1 e Amarelo Tartrasina FDC-5 foram acondicionadas em tubos de quartzo hermeticamente fechados e submetidos a 0, 0,5, 1, 2, 4, 6 e 10 horas de exposição à luz solar e ao escuro. Ao final de cada período, amostras de 10 mL foram retiradas dos tubos e analisadas. No segundo estudo, os tratamentos foram dispostos no esquema fatorial 2x7: duas condições luminosas (escuro e pleno sol) e sete períodos de exposição (0, 0,5, 1, 2, 4, 6 e 10 horas), com seis repetições. Com o auxílio de micropipeta, oito gotas de 5 µL das soluções Azul Brilhante e Amarelo Tartrasina a 4.000 ppm foram depositadas em placas de Petri de vidro. Após o término dos períodos de exposição, as placas foram lavadas com 50 mL de água destilada, com o objetivo de extrair o corante depositado sobre elas. No terceiro estudo, adotaram-se os mesmos tratamentos do segundo experimento, com quatro repetições, porém as soluções foram depositadas sobre as folhas de plantas de Eichhornia crassipes. Foram adotados também os mesmos procedimentos de extração dos corantes após o término dos períodos de exposição. As soluções finais obtidas nos três estudos foram submetidas à leitura óptica de absorbância em espectrofotômetro UV-visível nos comprimentos de onda de 630 e 427 nm, para os corantes Azul Brilhante FDC-1 e Amarelo Tartrasina FDC-5, respectivamente. As várias concentrações das soluções de ambos os corantes não sofreram degradação pela luz solar quando submetidas aos vários períodos de incidência luminosa nos tubos de quartzo (ambiente fechado), visto que as curvas de recuperação apresentaram equações semelhantes àquelas concentrações que foram mantidas no escuro. A mesma estabilidade também foi observada quando os corantes foram submetidos à luz solar em ambiente aberto, ou seja, nas placas de Petri. O corante Amarelo Tartrasina também se apresentou muito estável quando depositado sobre as folhas de E. crassipes, independentemente da exposição ou não à luz solar. Para o corante Azul Brilhante, ocorreram significativas perdas de 7,8 e 18,6% quando esteve depositado na superfície da folha de aguapé pelo período de 10 horas sob condições de escuro e plena luz solar, respectivamente.

EFFECT of TYPES of NOZZLES on SPRAY DEPOSITION on TWO SOYBEAN VARIETIES IN STAGE V3

The effect of application with different nozzle types and volume rates on spray deposition in the V3 stage of two soybean cultivars was evaluated. The experiments were conducted in the Facultad de Ciencias Agronomicas of the UNESP-Botucatu/SP. The nozzles evaluated were an air induced flat fan nozzle (Al 11015 at 150 L ha(-1), Al 11002 at 200 and 250 L ha(-1)), a twin flat fan nozzle (TJ 60 11002 at 150, 200 and 250 L ha(-1)), and a cone nozzle (TX 6 at 150 L ha(-1), TX 8 at 150 L ha(-1) and TX 10 at 250 L ha(-1)). To evaluate spray deposition on the plants, a tracer (Brilliant Blue FD&C-1) was added. The experimental design was random blocks with four replications. Deposition on plants was determined by absorbancy reading in 630 nm wavelength. The data were adjusted to a calibration curve and transformed into deposited spray volume in mL. The relationship deposition per unit of dry matter was adjusted to a regression curve (Gompertz model). In cultivar CD 208, the highest deposit was for the larger volumes and for the treatment TX 8 200 L ha(-1). The most uniform treatments were all the nozzles with the volume 150 L ha(-1) and the TJ60 nozzle for 200 1, ha(-1). In cultivar CD 216, the greatest spray depositions were achieved with the treatments Al at 200 and 250 L ha(-1) and TJ 60 at 250 L ha(-1), and the most uniform treatments were the TX 6 and TJ60 nozzles for the volume150 L ha(-1).

Cross-sectional association between healthy and unhealthy food habits and leisure physical activity in adolescents

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Caracterização farmacognóstica do jambolão (Syzypiam cumini (L.) Skeels)

A padronização de um fitoterápico é etapa imprescindível para garantia da qualidade de medicamentos contendo plantas medicinais. Objetivou-se padronizar Syzygiam cumini (L.) Skeels e para tanto se estabeleceram parametros tais como, avaliação morfoanatômica das folhas, morfológica das flores e dos frutos, avaliação granulométrica da droga rasurada (frutos), determinação da umidade, avaliação dos processos de secagem, determinação do teor de extrativos e do teor de taninos (monômeros e polimeros). O estudo anatômico das folhas revelou a inexistência de pêlos no sistema dérmico, assim como a ocorrência de glândulas secretoras, drusas, colênquima e esclerênquima. As flores são hermafroditas, com androceu polistêmone e gineceu com ovário ínfero, gamocarpelar, bilocular com placentação axial. Observou-se elevado teor extrativo (38,57%). O diâmetro médio de partícula dos frutos secos moídos ficou em 0,630 mm. O processo de secagem dos frutos influenciou o teor de taninos totais. O teor de taninos determinado ficou em 5,10% para monômeros e 11,30% para os polimeros.

An investigation on sliding wear behavior of PVD coatings

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Correlação linear e espsacial entre a produtividade de feijão e a porosidade de um Latossolo Vermelho de Selvíria (MS)

Soil porosity influences plant development since root growth and crop yield are determined by the root depth. The objective of this study was to investigate the linear and spatial variability and correlations between common bean yield and soil porosity. The bean grain yield of the irrigated cultivar Carioca IAC was analyzed in the growing season 2004/2005, in Selviria-MS, as well as macroporosity (MA), microporosity (MI) and total porosity (TP), in a Dystroferric Red Latosol, at four depths: 1 (0.0-0.10 m), 2 (0.10-0.20 M), 3 (0.20-0.30 m) and 4 (0.30-0.40 m). Soil and plant data were collected in a geostatistical grid with 135 points spaced 10 m apart, covering an area of 50 x 150 m. The data of the studied attributes did not vary randomly and the values were intermediate to low. They followed well-defined spatial standards, reaching between 11.70-104.40 m. on the other hand, the linear correlation between the plant and soil attributes was low, due to the high number of observations. Grain yield had the best linear correlations with MA1b, MI1 and TP3. From the spatial point of view, the inverse correlation between PG and #TP2 was outstanding. At the sites where #TP2 diminished (0.030-0.045 m(3) m(-3)) the yield varied from 2,173 to 3,529 kg ha(-1) and where it increased (0.045-0.076 m(3) m(-3)), the yield was between 1,630 and 2,173 kg ha(-1). Therefore, the total soil porosity, evaluated in the 0.10-0.20 m layer (#TP2), indicated the importance of the contact root/soil and was in turn a satisfactory indicator of soil physical quality, with a view to the grain yield of irrigated common bean.

Fenologia da figueira-da-índia em Selvíria - MS

A figueira-da-índia é uma cactácea de origem mexicana, com grande potencial produtivo para as condições edafoclimáticas do Brasil, porém a falta de conhecimento faz com que a cultura seja pouco cultivada. Com o objetivo de avaliar a fenologia da figueira-da-índia, o presente trabalho foi realizado em plantas com 4 anos de idade, no espaçamento de 1,0 x 2,5 m, na área experimental da Fazenda de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão da Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira - UNESP, localizada no município de Selvíria - MS, de agosto de 2006 a janeiro de 2007. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com dez repetições, com uma planta por parcela experimental, ocasião em que foram avaliados a fenologia e o crescimento dos frutos. O período de emissão das gemas concentrou-se nos meses de setembro e outubro. O florescimento, ocorreu 30 dias após a emissão da gema florífera. Os frutos atingiram a maturidade fisiológica (ponto de colheita) aos 66 dias após o florescimento e aos 72 dias apresentavam-se maduros, aptos para o consumo. O período de desenvolvimento dos frutos, desde a emissão da gema florífera até a maturidade fisiológica, foi de 96 dias. A curva de crescimento dos frutos foi do tipo quadrática. A cultura da figueira-da-índia pode tornar-se uma alternativa principalmente para pequenos produtores, visto que não exige grandes investimentos para sua implantação e condução, além de se adaptar bem às condições ambientais de nosso País. Seus frutos possuem excelentes preços tanto no mercado nacional como no internacional, e o aproveitamento na forma de doces e geleias pode incrementar a renda dos produtores.

Total Endovascular Debranching of the Aortic Arch

Background: Significant morbidity and mortality are related to conventional aortic replacement surgery. Endovascular debranching techniques, fenestrated or branched endografts are time consuming and costly.Objective: We alternatively propose to use endovascular approach with parallel grafts for debranching of aortic arch.Methods: Under general anesthesia, 12 F sheaths were inserted in the femoral, axillary and common carotid arteries for vascular accesses. ViaBahn grafts 10 - 15 cm in length were placed into the aortic arch from right common carotid, left common carotid and left axillary arteries, until the tip of each graft reached into the ascending aorta. Through one femoral artery, the aortic stent-graft was positioned and delivered. Soon after, the parallel grafts were sequentially delivered. Self-spanding Wallstents(R) were used for parallel grafts reinforcement. Ballooning was routinely used for parallel grafts and rarely for aortic graft.Results: This technique was used in 2 cases. The first one was a lady with 72 years old, with an aortic retrograde dissection from left subclavian artery and involving remaining arch branches. Through right common carotid artery a stent-graft was placed in the ascending aorta and through the left common carotid artery a ViaBahn was inserted parallel to the former. A thoracic endograft then covered all the aortic arch dissection extending into the ascending aorta close to the sinu-tubular junction. The second case was a 82 year old male patient with a 7 cm aortic arch aneurysm. Through both common carotid arteries ViaBahn grafts were introduced and positioned into the ascending aorta. Soon after, the deployment of the thoracic stent graft covered all parallel grafts of the aortic arch, excluding the aneurysm. Both cases did not have neurologic or cardiac complications and were discharged 10 days after the procedure.Conclusions: This technique may be a good minimal invasive off-the-shelf technical option for aortic arch "debranching". More data and further improvements are required before this promising technique can be widely advocated. (C) 2011 European Society for Vascular Surgery. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Tobacco smoke-induced left ventricular remodelling is not associated with metalloproteinase-2 or -9 activation

Aim: To investigate the role of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in cardiac remodelling induced by tobacco smoke exposure in rats.Methods: Rats were allocated into two groups: C (n = 9): control animals; ETS (n = 9): exposed to tobacco smoke. After 4months, the animals underwent echocardiography, morphometric study and determination of MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity.Results: ETS rats had larger diastolic (C= 15.6 +/- 1.2 mm/kg, ETS = 18.0 +/- 0.9 mm/kg; p < 0.001) and systolic (C= 7.3 +/- 1.2 mm/kg, ETS = 9.2 0.9 mm/kg; p = 0.001) ventricular diameters adjusted for body weight. Fractional shortening (C= 53 +/- 4.8%, ETS = 48 +/- 3.3%; p = 0.031) and ejection fraction (C= 0. 89 +/- 0.03 5 ETS = 0. 86 +/- 0.02; p = 0.03 0) were smaller in the ETS group. Myocyte cross-sectional area (C= 245 8 mu m(2), ETS=253 8 mu m(2); p = 0.028) was higher in ETS rats. There were no differences in MNtP-2 (C=50 +/- 14%; ETS 43 +/- 11%, p 0.22 +/- 8) or MMP-9 (C=0.36 +/- 0.3%; ETS=0.62 +/- 0.3%, p=0.630) activity between the groups.Conclusion: MMP-2 and MMP-9 did not participate in the remodelling process induced by tobacco smoke exposure. (c) 2007 European Society of Cardiology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Combined exercise training in asymptomatic elderly with controlled hypertension: Effects on functional capacity and cardiac diastolic function

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Vivências maternas associadas ao aleitamento materno exclusivo mais duradouro: um estudo etnográfico

Objective: To describe the experiences of breastfeeding mothers using the Unified Health System who were seeking to obtain knowledge, expectations, perceptions and feelings involved with identifying aspects relevant for more prolonged, exclusive breastfeeding Methods: A qualitative ethnographic study conducted with eight primiparas and family references, through observation and household interviews during the first semester of the infants' lives. The data were summarized in three categories: starting breastfeeding; experiencing the process of early weaning maintaining exclusive breastfeeding Results: Breastfeeding appeared as a particular event in different contexts of occurrence, however, it was possible to identify that exclusive breastfeeding was linked to maternal determination, despite the difficulties experienced. Longer Lasting exclusive breastfeeding was related to the mothers who were highly motivated to practice, those who were aware of its benefits and were supported by their family, even in the face of interference contrary to their culture. Conclusion: The lack of determination for exclusive maternal breastfeeding should be investigated and, when present, receive special consideration by health professionals.

Alcohol use disorders in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder: The importance of appropriate dual-diagnosis

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Prevalence of dementia in Latin America: a collaborative study of population-based cohorts

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)