Proteção, promoção e apoio ao aleitamento materno em um hospital universitário

Estudo de natureza quantitativa descritiva em um Hospital Universitário do Estado de São Paulo, teve como objetivo avaliar a promoção, proteção e apoio ao aleitamento materno através da verificação do cumprimento dos dez passos para o sucesso do aleitamento de acordo com a iniciativa Hospital Amigo da Criança, proposta pelo Ministério da Saúde. A avaliação revela práticas facilitadoras da amamentação, no entanto, faz-se necessário algumas mudanças nas rotinas hospitalares para a efetivação dos dez passos. em média, 79% das respostas foram afirmativas para o cumprimento dos passos, o que está próximo aos 80% preconizado. No entanto, se analisarmos as respostas para cada passo, identificamos pontos para serem melhorados. Chamou-nos a atenção o fato de que a prática de colocar o recém-nascido junto à mãe logo após o nascimento, permitindo a amamentação na primeira meia hora, foi relatada por 100% das mães entrevistadas que tiveram parto normal e por 80% daquelas que tiveram parto cesárea. Investimentos e mudanças em direção ao cumprimento dos dez passos contribuirão para um melhor atendimento à população e para a formação de profissionais amigos da criança.

EBNA-1 gene sequences in Brazilian and American patients with Hodgkin's disease

We examined the types of Epstein-Barr virus-associated nuclear antigen-1 (EBNA-1) gene carboxy (C)-terminal mutations occurring in Hodgkin's disease (HD) and reactive tissues from two different geographic regions. Previously reported EBNA-1 C-terminal region amino acid sequence variants, based on the amino acid at codon 487, include Prototype (P)-ala, which is found in the B95.8-derived prototype virus, P-thr, Variant (V)-leu, V-val, and V-pro. Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify portions of the EBNA-1 gene, followed by DNA sequencing, we found a single EBNA-1 gene sequence variant in each tissue, whether reactive or neoplastic and whether from Brazil or the United States. Variant EBNA-1 gene sequences were more common in both neoplastic and non-neoplastic tissues from different geographic areas than the so-called prototype sequence. In the 17 Brazilian HD cases, 4 cases had P-thr variants and 13 had V-leu variants. In the six reactive tissues from Brazil, one had a P-ala variant, two had P-thr variants, and three had V-leu variants. In the 12 American HD cases, 2 had P-ala variants, 6 had P-thr variants, and 4 had V-leu variants. The 11 American reactive tissues included 2 P ala variants, 5 P-thr variants, and 4 V-leu variants. In both countries, there were similar variant EBNA-1 sequences present in normal tissues and HD cases. Compared with the P ala and P-thr cases, the V-leu cases were more likely to have the 30-bp latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) gene deletion (P = 0.0075). In addition, cases of HD with the V-leu were statistically associated with a substitution of asparagine for glutamine at codon 322 of the C-terminal portion of the LMP1 gene. Our results suggest that any variation in EBNA-1 gene sequence is caused by a polymorphism present in pre-existing viral strains in the underlying population, and not a mutation occurring during oncogenesis. (C) 1999 by the American Society of Hematology.

Fatal outcome in bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma

Linfomas primários do pulmão são raros. O tipo histológico mais freqüente é o linfoma do tecido linfóide associado ao brônquio. Este tipo de linfoma tem curso indolente e excelente resposta à terapia. Um terço dos casos é descoberto incidentalmente. Devido à raridade desta doença, no entanto, pouco se conhece sobre sua história natural em termos de disseminação e evolução. Neste relato, descrevemos o caso incomum de um homem de 61 anos que recusou o tratamento após diagnóstico de linfoma do tecido linfóide associado ao brônquio e, 2 anos após o diagnóstico, morreu por infiltração pulmonar maciça sem disseminação para outros órgãos.

Influence of diet on oxidative DNA damage, uracil misincorporation and DNA repair capability

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Determination of snake-necked turtle Hydromedusa tectifera (Cope, 1870) (Testudines: Chelidae) plasma protein concentrations by refractometry and the biuret method.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of hand-held refractometer in determining plasma protein concentrations in South American snake-necked turtle (Hydromedusa tectifera) as compared with the standard biuret method. The results indicated that plasma protein values may be accurately determined in snake- necked turtle with a hand-held refractometer.

Características sensoriais de carne defumada de capivara

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver alguns produtos, como paleta e copa defumadas, em escala de laboratório, com a carne de capivara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris), e empregar a técnica de maturação da carne por meio da utilização de cloreto de cálcio. Inicialmente procedeu-se a verificação da composição centesimal na carne in natura, e posteriormente realizou-se a avaliação sensorial e a determinação da composição centesimal dos produtos obtidos pelos seguintes tratamentos: Tratamento A - paleta defumada, submetida à maturação inicial com cloreto de cálcio; Tratamento B - paleta defumada sem a maturação inicial; Tratamento C - copa defumada, submetida à maturação inicial com cloreto de cálcio e; Tratamento D - copa defumada sem a maturação inicial. A carne in natura de capivara apresentou composição média de 76,59% de umidade, 0,90% de resíduo mineral fixo, 20,04% de proteína e 0,91% de extrato etéreo. Os produtos elaborados apresentaram, em média: 67,72% de umidade, 2,16% de resíduo mineral fixo, 24,93% de proteína e 2,77% de extrato etéreo. Os produtos defumados de carne de capivara não apresentam diferenças quanto ao aroma, sabor, aroma estranho e sabor estranho. A paleta defumada apresenta-se mais macia e suculenta do que a copa defumada. A utilização de cloreto de cálcio cinco horas após o abate não tem efeitos significativos nos atributos sensoriais.

Effect of Iron II on Hydroxyapatite Dissolution and Precipitation in vitro

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Association of Haplotypes in the CXCR2 Gene with Periodontitis in a Brazilian Population

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Effects of V-1 and angiotensin receptor subtypes of the paraventricular nucleus on the water intake induced by vasopressin injected into the lateral septal area

In this study, we investigated the influence of d(CH2)(5)-Tyr (Me)-AVP (AAVP) an antagonist of V-1 receptors of arginine(8)-vasopressin (AVP) and the effects of losartan and CGP42112A (selective ligands of the AT, and AT, angiotensin receptors, respectively) injections into the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) on the thirst effects of AVP stimulation of the lateral septal area (LSA). AVP injection into the LSA increased the water intake in a dose-dependent manner. AAVP injected into the PVN produced a dose-dependent reduction of the drinking responses elicited by LSA administration of AVP. Both the AT(1) and AT(2) ligands administered into the PVN elicited a concentration-dependent inhibition in the water intake induced by AVP injected into the LSA, but losartan was more effective than CGP42112A the increase in the AVP response. These results indicate that LSA dipsogenic effects induced by AVP are mediated primarily by PVN AT(1) receptors. However, doses of losartan were more effective when combined with CGP42112A than when given alone, suggesting that the thirst induced by AVP injections into LSA may involve activation of multiple angiotensin II (ANG II) receptor subtypes. These results also suggests that facilitatory effects of AVP on water intake into the LSA are mediated through the activation of V-receptors and that the inhibitory effect requires V-receptors. Based on the present findings, we suggest that the administration of AVP into the LSA may play a role in the PVN control of water control. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Comparative bark anatomy of root and stem in Styrax camporum (Styracaceae)

The bark of Styrax camporum Pohl (Styracaceae) differs anatomically in the root and stem. Roots have layered secondary phloem; short sieve tubes with simple, transverse or more or less inclined sieve plates; fibres in tangential bands; astrosclereids; wide rays, and a poorly developed periderm. Stems have non-layered secondary phloem; longer sieve tubes with compound, scalariform, inclined sieve plates; sclerified cells and brachyselereids; a developed periderm, and a non-persistent rhytidome. Prismatic crystals, starch grains, phenolic compounds and lipidic contents were observed in root and stem bark cells. The differences between the secondary phloem of root and stem are discussed.

Multiple pleurograms in Chamaecrista moench (Leguminosae, caesalpinioideae)

According to the literature, the seeds of Chamaecrista lack pleurograms and have pitted testas aligned in vertical lines. Preliminary observations have revealed that these small structures consist of superficial alterations of the testa that are coloured differently to the rest of the seed coat and stand out as pits. However, no anatomical inspection has yet determined the precise composition of these pits. The present work examined the morphology, surface micromorphology, anatomy, and histochemistry of the seed coat of mature seeds of C. desvauxii var. latistipula, C. flexuosa, and C. nictitans var. patellaria in order to elucidate the structural nature of the seed coat pits. For this, seed coats were studied using scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy. Structural modifications were examined in the seed coats of the studied species, and variations were noted in the mucilaginous layer, in the thickness of the palisade layer, and in the presence of larger hypodermic cells. Based on the anatomical features observed, and comparing these with published data on pleurograms in the Caesalpinioideae, it was determined that the structures referred to previously as tegumental pits on Chamaecrista seeds are actually small and numerous pleurograms, reported here for the first time. (c) 2008 The Linnean Society of London.

Metabolic responses to glucoprivation induced by 2-deoxy-D-glucose in Brycon cephalus (Teleostei, Characidae)

The effects of functional cytoglucopenia provoked by 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) were studied in adult Brycon cephalus, an omnivorous fish from the Amazon Basin in Brazil. Glycogen content in liver and muscle as well as plasmatic glucose, free fatty acids (FFA), insulin, and glucagon were measured. After 48 h fasting, an intraperitoneal saline injection (NaCl 0.6 g/100 ml) was administered to control fish, whereas the experimental group received 2-DG, dissolved in saline, in the dosage of 80 mg/kg (0.487 mmol/kg) or 150 mg/kg (0.914 mmol/kg) body weight; injection volume was 5 ml in all treatments. Blood and tissue samples were taken immediately before, and 2, 8, 10, and 24 h after administration of the drug or saline. Fish injected with both doses of 2-DG showed a marked increase in glycemia levels. Liver and muscle glycogen decreased after 2-DG administration and reached their lowest values 10-24 h after injection, while in control animals no significant changes were observed. Elevation in plasma glucagon was observed only in response to the maximum dosage of 2-DG administered, especially 10 h and 24 h post-injection. Plasma insulin levels were lower in animals treated with the glucose analogue but only statistically significant 24 h after drug administration. In conclusion, the administration of the non-metabolizable glucose analogue 2-DG in B. cephalus is a stimulus to generate responses towards an increase in the glucose available to tissues, which is a characteristic of a fasting situation. All the above data support the interest of 2-DG administration as a model to study carbohydrate metabolism adjustment mechanisms in fish.

A comparative expression analysis of gene transcripts in brain tissue of non-transgenic and GH-transgenic zebrafish (Danio rerio) using a DDRT-PCR approach

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)