Serotonin as a physiological substrate for myeloperoxidase and its superoxide-dependent oxidation to cytotoxic tryptamine-4,5-dione

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Custo de produção de amora-preta em região tropical

O cultivo da amora-preta é recente no Brasil. A espécie apresenta elevada adaptabilidade, baixa exigência em frio, facilidade de manejo, rusticidade e pouca utilização de defensivos agrícolas. É uma fruta que vem despertando elevada atenção dos consumidores devido à presença de compostos fenólicos com propriedades antioxidantes. Com este trabalho, objetivou-se analisar o custo de produção do cultivo da amora-preta, em primeiro ano de produção. Para estimar a matriz de coeficientes técnicos e os custos de produção, em 2007, os preços de venda foram levantados junto a um produtor, e o restante das informações foi obtido de um experimento. de acordo com os dados e os cálculos de custos, a primeira produção da cultura foi de 3.000 kg.ha-1, com custo de implantação e condução, no primeiro ano, de R$ 8.710,63, e no segundo ano, apresentou custo de R$ 6.467,50. o custo de produção foi relativamente baixo comparado com outras frutíferas perenes cultivadas na região, evidenciando que esta atividade pode ser mais uma alternativa de renda para agricultura familiar.

OSLERUS OSLERI (COBBOLD, 1876) INFECTION IN MANED WOLF (CHRYSOCYON BRACHYURUS, ILLIGER, 1815)

Oslerus osleri is a small nematode that infects the respiratory tract of domestic and wild canids and is responsible for causing chronic nodular tracheobronchitis. This paper aims to report a case of parasitism by O. osleri in a free-living maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus) that was struck by a motor vehicle. Fecal samples were collected, and the presence of spiral larvae, with S-shaped tails, was observed on flotation. This characteristic was compatible with the Filaroididae Family larvae of O. osleri. Although the animal did not show clinical signs of respiratory system impairment, a tracheobronchoscopy was performed. Semitransparent nodules, 5 mm in diameter, containing adult parasites were observed in the third distal portion of the trachea, cranial to the carina. Larval morphological characteristics and the nodular locations were compatible with an O. osleri respiratory tract infection.

Critical analysis of the international classification of headache disorders diagnostic criteria (ICHD I-1988) and (ICHD II-2004), for migraine in children and adolescents

The present study analyzed the (ICHD I-1988) and ( ICHD II-2004) diagnostic criteria in children and adolescents. Our population consisted of 496 patients of the Headache Outpatient Ward for Children and Adolescents retrospectively studied from 1992 to 2002. Individuals were classified according to three diagnostic groups: Intuitive Clinical Diagnosis ( Gold Standard), ICHD I-1988 and ICHD II-2004. They were statistically compared using the variables: Sensitivity ( S), Specificity (Sp), Positive Predictive Value (PPV), Negative Predictive Value (NPV). When ICHD I-1988 was used, the sensitivity of migraine without and with aura was 21% and 27%, respectively, whereas in ICHD II-2004 it changed to 53% and 71% without affecting specificity. As a conclusion, the current classification criteria ( ICHD II-2004) showed greater sensitivity and high specificity for migraine than ICHD I-1988, although it improved migraine diagnosis in children and adolescents, the sensitivity remains poor.

MOTOR NERVE CONDUCTION and REPETITIVE NERVE STIMULATION IN CAPTIVE RING-TAILED COATI (NASUA NASUA)

There are few electrophysiologic studies in wild animals. The aim of this study was to determine normal data for motor nerve conduction studies and repetitive stimulation in sciatic-tibial and ulnar nerves in clinically normal captive coati. Eight adult ring-tailed coatis (Nasua nasua), two females and six males weighing 68 kg, were used. Average nerve conduction velocity was 70.81 m/sec (standard deviation [SD] = 3.98) and 56.93 m/sec (SD = 4.31) for the sciatic-tibial and ulnar nerves, respectively. Repetitive stimulation responses demonstrated minimal variations of the area of the compound muscle action potentials at low (3 Hz) and high (20 Hz) frequencies. The maximal obtained decremental area response was 8%. These normal data of conduction studies may be used in assessing abnormalities for clinical diagnosis. In addition, the obtained normal repetitive stimulation data were similar to dogs and humans and may be used for post- and presynaptic disturbances of the neuromuscular transmission in coatis.

SEROLOGIC SURVEY FOR LEPTOSPIRA SPP. IN CAPTIVE NEOTROPICAL FELIDS IN FOZ do IGUACU, PARANA, BRAZIL

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Desempenho produtivo de alevinos de tilápia-do-nilo alimentados com levedura e derivados

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho produtivo e a composição químico-bromatológica do filé de tilápia-do-nilo alimentada com rações contendo levedura íntegra desidratada, levedura autolisada e parede celular. Rações práticas, isoprotéicas (32% de proteína digestível) e isoenergéticas (3.200 kcal de energia digestível por kg) suplementadas com levedura íntegra (1, 2 e 3%), levedura autolisada (1, 2 e 3%) e parede celular (0,1; 0,2 e 0,3%), e uma controle, sem ingredientes-teste, foram avaliadas. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com dez tratamentos e quatro repetições. Peixes que receberam rações suplementadas com levedura e derivados apresentaram índice de desempenho produtivo superior ao controle. A suplementação da levedura autolisada proporcionou melhor resposta quanto ao ganho de peso (p<0,05). Não houve diferença na composição químico-bromatológica do filé, quando se compararam os contrastes entre totais de tratamento. A suplementação de levedura e derivados em rações para alevinos de tilápia-do-nilo melhora o desempenho produtivo, sem alterações na composição do filé, e entre os microingredientes avaliados, a levedura autolisada proporciona desempenho superior, quando utilizada entre 1,30 e 1,59%.

Antibody response to newcastle disease vaccination in a flock of young partridges (Rhynchotus rufescens)

Ten young partridges (Rhynchotus rufescens) were vaccinated with the lentogenic strain of Newcastle disease virus. Another eight unvaccinated birds were kept in close contact with the treated flock. Antibodies levels were measured over the course of 3 mo in all birds using the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test and the liquid-phase blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (LPB-ELISA). The LPB-ELISA was standardized, and the results were compared with those obtained with the HI test. Antibodies increased after 23 days postvaccination in 16 birds with no side effects as determined by both the HI test and the LPB-ELISA.

Photodynamic therapy associating Photogem (R) and blue LED on L929 and MDPC-23 cell culture

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Temporal response pattern of biochemical analytes in experimental diabetes

The activities of the enzymes aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LD), creatine kinase (CK), amylase (AMS) and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) have been used to assess the toxic effects of xenobiotics that have hypoglycaemic action in hepatic, pancreatic, renal and muscle tissue. Using a validated experimental model of diabetes mellitus in rats, we ascertained whether this syndrome itself affected the serum activities of these enzymes over a 53-day period. Levels of hepatic enzymes AST, ALT and ALP were higher in the streptozotocin (STZ)diabetic rats (group D), but were controlled by insulin therapy (group DI). AMS was reduced in group D and unchanged in group DI rats. Proteinuria was detected 1 day after STZ administation and partially controlled by insulin (group DI); its early presence in group D rats, and the lack of any change in serum ACE in this group, indicates that proteinuria is the better marker for microangiopathy. Microscopic examination of liver, kidney, heart and skeletal muscles (soleus and extensor digitorum longus) revealed various alterations in group D rat tissues, which were less pronounced in group DI. The liver, pancreas and kidney tissue-damage was consistent with the altered serum levels of AST, ALT, ALP and AMS and proteinuria. We conclude that: (i) rigorous control is required when these serum-enzyme levels are used as indicators of tissue toxicity in experimental diabetes, and (ii) LD, CK and bilirubin serum levels, which are unaffected by diabetes, can be used when testing effects of xenobiotics on tissues.

Role of flanking sequences and phosphorylation in the recognition of the simian-virus-40 large T-antigen nuclear localization sequences by importin-alpha

The nuclear import of simian-virus-40 large T-antigen (tumour antigen) is enhanced via phosphorylation by the protein kinase CK2 at Ser(112) in the vicinity of the NLS (nuclear localization sequence). To determine the structural basis of the effect of the sequences flanking the basic cluster KKKRK, and the effect of phosphorylation on the recognition of the NLS by the nuclear import factor importin-alpha (Impalpha), we co-crystallized non-autoinhibited Impalpha with peptides corresponding to the phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated forms of the NLS, and determined the crystal structures of the complexes. The structures show that the amino acids N-terminally flanking the basic cluster make specific contacts with the receptor that are distinct from the interactions between bipartite NLSs and Impalpha. We confirm the important role of flanking sequences using binding assays. Unexpectedly, the regions of the peptides containing the phosphorylation site do not make specific contacts with the receptor. Binding assays confirm that phosphorylation does not increase the affinity of the T-antigen NLS to Impalpha. We conclude that the sequences flanking the basic clusters in NLSs play a crucial role in nuclear import by modulating the recognition of the NLS by Impalpha, whereas phosphorylation of the T-antigen enhances nuclear import by a mechanism that does not involve a direct interaction of the phosphorylated residue with Impalpha.

In vivo uptake of a haem analogue Zn protoporphyrin IX by the human malaria parasite P. falciparum-infected red blood cells

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Characterization and localization of dynein and myosins V and VI in the ovaries of queen bees

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

A review of postfeeding larval dispersal in blowflies: implications for forensic entomology

Immature and adult stages of blowflies are one of the primary invertebrate consumers of decomposing animal organic matter. When the food supply is consumed or when the larvae complete their development and migrate prior to the total removal of the larval substrate, they disperse to find adequate places for pupation, a process known as postfeeding larval dispersal. Several important ecological and physiological aspects of this process were studied since the work by Green (Ann Appl Biol 38:475, 1951) 50 years ago. An understanding of postfeeding larval dispersal can be useful for determining the postmortem interval (PMI) of human cadavers in legal medicine, particularly because this interval may be underestimated if older dispersing larvae or those that disperse longer, faster, and deeper are not taken into account. In this article, we review the process of postfeeding larval dispersal and its implications for legal medicine, in particular showing that aspects such as burial behavior and competition among species of blowflies can influence this process and consequently, the estimation of PMI.