338 resultados para 0.06 µm


Relevância:

60.00% 60.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

The present study investigated how the timing of the administration of estradiol benzoate (EB) impacted the synchronization of ovulation in fixed-time artificial insemination protocols of cattle. To accomplish this, two experiments were conducted, with EB injection occurring at different times: at withdrawal of the progesterone-releasing (N) intravaginal device or 24 h later. The effectiveness of these times was compared by examining ovarian follicular dynamics (Experiment 1, n = 30) and conception rates (Experiment 2, n = 504). In Experiment 1, follicular dynamics was performed in 30 Nelore cows (Bos indicus) allocated into two groups. on a random day of the estrous cycle (Day 0), both groups received 2 mg of EB i.m. and a P4-releasing intravaginal device, which was removed on Day 8, when 400 IU of eCG and 150 mu g of PGF were administered. The control group (G-EB9; n = 15) received 1 mg of EB on Day 9, while Group EB8 (G-EB8; n = 15) received the same dose a day earlier. Ovarian ultrasonographic evaluations were performed every 8 h after device removal until ovulation. The timing of EB administration (Day 8 compared with Day 9) did affect the interval between P4 device removal to ovulation (59.4 +/- 2.0 h compared with 69.3 +/- 1.7 h) and maximum diameter of dominant (1.54 +/- 0.06 a cm compared with 1.71 +/- 0.05 b cm, P = 0.03) and ovulatory (1.46 +/- 0.05 a cm compared with 1.58 +/- 0.04 b cm, P < 0.01) follicles. In Experiment 2,504 suckling cows received the same treatment described in Experiment 1, but insemination was performed as follows: Group EB8-AI48h (G-EB8-AI48h; n = 119) and Group EB8-AI54h (G-EB8-AI54h; n = 134) received 1 mg of EB on Day 8 and FrAI was performed, respectively, 48 or 54 h after P4 device removal. Group EB9-AI48h (G-EB9-AI48h; n = 126) and Group EB9-AI54h (G-EB9-AI54h n = 125) received the same treatments and underwent the same FTAI protocols as G-EB8-AI48h and G-EB8-AI54h, respectively; however, EB was administered on Day 9. Conception rates were greater (P < 0.05) in G-EB9-AI54h 163.2% (79/125) a], G-EB9-AI48h [58.7% (74/126) a] and G-EB8-AI48h [58.8% (70/119) a] than in G-EB8-AI54h [34.3% (46/134) b]. We concluded that when EB administration occurred at device withdrawal (D8), the interval to ovulation shortened and dominant and ovulatory follicle diameters decreased. Furthermore, when EB treatment was performed 24 h after device removal, FTAI conducted at either 48 or 54 h resulted in similar conception rates. However, EB treatment on the same day as device withdrawal resulted in a lesser conception rate when FTAI was conducted 54 h after device removal. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Relevância:

60.00% 60.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

The objective of this study was to evaluate the reproductive performance of Santa Ines rams subjected to successive semen collections in an Amazonian climate. Four rams were subjected to successive ejaculations during a maximum period of three hours. This procedure was repeated three times at 15-day intervals. Sexual and behavioural (libido) and andrological (testicular and seminal) assessments were performed. A total of 81 ejaculates were collected. Libido and semen vigour, volume, appearance and concentration decreased as the ejaculation frequency increased (P<0.05) and sperm motility showed a decreasing trend (P=0.06). The seminal pH increased over the sequence of collections (P<0.05). The only significant differences observed between individual rams were the variable scrotal circumference and the percentages of live sperm and sperm abnormalities (P<0.05). All the parameters of the first ejaculation were within the normal range for this species, which suggests that the local climatic conditions (high temperature and humidity) did not affect the behavioural, testicular or seminal parameters of experimental rams. Our findings indicate that the reproductive performance of Santa Ines rams could be affected by the intensification of ejaculation frequency; however, individual male variation needs to be taken into consideration.

Relevância:

60.00% 60.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Relevância:

60.00% 60.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

The aim of this research was to determine the nutritional requirements of sodium for Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix Japonica) during the periods of 1 to 21 d and 22 to 40 d of age, as well as to evaluate the residual effect on egg production and densitometry bone traits from 41 to 63 d. Two experiments were developed. Experiment 1: 360 Japanese quail were used, from 1 to 21 d of age. Treatments consisted of 5 sodium levels (0.06, 0.12, 0.18, 0.24, and 0.30%). Experiment 2: 240 Japanese quail were used, from 22 to 40 d. Treatments consisted of 5 sodium levels (0.04, 0.12, 0.20, 0.28, and 0.36%). In both experiments, weight gain, final weight, and feed conversion presented a quadratic trend, whereas water intake presented a linear trend. Treatments did not affect the densitometry of bone traits, although they presented a quadratic influence on tibia ash, calcium, and calcium: phosphorus ratio. Therefore, the nutritional requirement of sodium for Japanese quail from 1 to 21 d and from 22 to 40 d is 0.222% and 0.253%, respectively.

Relevância:

60.00% 60.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Relevância:

60.00% 60.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

A couve-flor é uma das principais hortaliças cultivadas no Brasil. O conhecimento do crescimento e acúmulo de nutrientes pela cultura poderá ser útil no seu manejo e na adubação. Com o objetivo de determinar o acúmulo e a exportação de nutrientes pela cultura da couve-flor 'Verona', conduziu-se um experimento em solo, no período de 23 de fevereiro a 05 de junho de 2006. O delineamento do experimento foi em blocos casualizados com três repetições. O experimento constou inicialmente de 480 plantas divididas em três blocos. Para cada época de amostragem foram retiradas duas plantas por bloco. Foram realizadas cinco amostragens da parte vegetativa das plantas a cada 14 dias após o transplante e três amostragens das inflorescências a cada quatro dias, após o início de sua formação, sendo avaliado o crescimento da planta e o acúmulo de nutrientes nas inflorescências, no caule, nos limbos foliares e nos pecíolos. As plantas apresentaram crescimento e acúmulo de massa seca contínuos. O período de maior acúmulo de nutrientes foi do início da formação da inflorescência até a colheita. A ordem decrescente dos nutrientes acumulados pela cultura foi: N>K>Ca>S>Mg>P>Fe>Mn>Zn>B>Cu. A exportação de nutrientes (g por planta de macronutrientes e mg por planta para micronutrientes) pelas inflorescências foi de 3,50 de N; 0,296 de K; 0,06 de Ca; 0,290 de S; 0,032 de Mg; 0,249 de P; 2,08 de Fe; 0,375 de Mn; 1,01 de Zn; 1,45 de B e 0,07 de Cu.

Relevância:

60.00% 60.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Na agricultura moderna, o tráfego de máquinas sobre o solo é a principal causa da compactação, que, muitas vezes, causa decréscimos da produtividade de soja. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o desenvolvimento de cultivares de soja, considerando os níveis de compactação do solo. Para tal, foi realizado um experimento em Jaboticabal, SP, em Latossolo Vermelho textura média. Os tratamentos de compactação foram: T0 = 0; T1* = 1; T1 = 1; T2 = 2; T4 = 4 e T6 = seis passadas, no mesmo local, de um trator de 11 t, uma ao lado da outra, perfazendo toda a superfície do solo. No tratamento T1*, a compactação ocorreu quando o solo estava mais seco para obter um menor nível de compactação. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado em parcelas subdivididas (seis níveis de compactação e quatro cultivares), com quatro repetições. Foram coletadas amostras indeformadas de solo nas camadas de 0,03-0,06; 0,08-0,11; 0,15-0,18 e 0,22-0,25 m, para determinação dos atributos físicos. em dezembro de 2003, foram semeados os cultivares de soja (Glycine max) IAC Foscarin 31, MG/BR 46 (Conquista), BRS/MG 68 (Vencedora) e IAC 8-2. O cultivar de soja IAC Foscarim 31 foi o mais produtivo no Latossolo Vermelho, quando comparado aos cultivares MG/BR 46 (Conquista), BRS/MG 68 (Vencedora) e IAC 8-2. Os valores de resistência do solo à penetração a partir dos quais a produtividade dos cultivares de soja decresceu foram de 2,24 a 2,97 MPa, conforme os cultivares.

Relevância:

60.00% 60.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Relevância:

60.00% 60.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Data comprising 53,181 calving records were analyzed to estimate the genetic correlation between days to calving (DC), and days to first calving (DFC), and the following traits: scrotal circumference (SC), age at first calving (AFC), and weight adjusted for 550 d of age (W550) in a Nelore herd. (Co)variance components were estimated using the REML method fitting bivariate animal models. The fixed effects considered for DC were contemporary group, month of last calving, and age at breeding season (linear and quadratic effects). Contemporary groups were composed by herd, year, season, and management group at birth; herd and management group at weaning; herd, season, and management group at mating; and sex of calf and mating type (multiple sires, single sire, or AI). In DFC analysis, the same fixed effects were considered excluding the month of last calving. For DC, a repeatability animal model was applied. Noncalvers were not considered in analyses because an attempt to include them, attributing a penalty, did not improve the identification of genetic differences between animals. Heritability estimates ranged from 0.04 to 0.06 for DC, from 0.06 to 0.13 for DFC, from 0.42 to 0.44 for SC, from 0.06 to 0.08 for AFC, and was 0.30 for W550. The genetic correlation estimated between DC and SC was low and negative (-0.10), between DC and AFC was high and positive (0.76), and between DC and W550 was almost null (0.07). Similar results were found for genetic correlation estimates between DFC and SC (-0.14), AFC (0.94), and W550 (-0.02). The genetic correlation estimates indicate that the use of DC in the selection of beef cattle may promote favorable correlated responses to age at first mating and, consequently, higher gains in sexual precocity can be expected.

Relevância:

60.00% 60.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

The relationships among avian uncoupling protein (avUCP) mRNA expression, heat production, and thyroid hormone metabolism were investigated in 7-14-day-old broiler chicks (Gallus gallus) exposed to a low temperature (cold-exposed chicks, CE) or a thermoneutral temperature (TN). After 7 days of exposure, CE chicks exhibited higher heat production (+83%, P < 0.01), avUCP mRNA expression (+20%, P < 0.01), and circulating triiodothyronine (T-3) levels (+104%, P = 0.07) for non-statistically different body weights and feed intake between 3 and 7 days of exposure as compared to TN chicks. Plasma thyroxine (T-4) concentration was clearly decreased in CE chicks (-33%, P = 0.06). The lower hepatic inner-ring deiodination activity (-47%) and the higher renal outer-ring deiodination activity (+75%) measured in CE compared to TN chicks could partly account for their higher plasma T3 concentrations. This study describes for the first time the induction of avUCP mRNA expression by low temperature in chickens, as it has been previously shown in ducklings, and supports the possible involvement of avUCP in avian thermogenesis. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. (USA). All rights reserved.

Relevância:

60.00% 60.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Componentes de variância e parâmetros genéticos para características de crescimento foram estimados usando diferentes modelos em um rebanho da raça Gir. Utilizou-se o método da máxima verossimilhança restrita sob modelo animal univariado. Os modelos de análise incluíram os efeitos fixos de mês de nascimento, grupo contemporâneo e idade da vaca. Cinco modelos diferindo quanto aos efeitos aleatórios foram testados. Para todas as características da fase pré-desmama, o teste de razão de verossimilhança (LRT) indicou o modelo com efeito genético aditivo direto e efeitos maternos (genético e de ambiente permanente) como o de melhor ajuste. As estimativas de herdabilidade direta para peso ao nascer (PN), peso aos quatro meses corrigido para 120 dias (P120), peso à desmama corrigido para 210 dias (P210) e ganho diário na fase pré-desmama (GPRE) foram, respectivamente, 0,31± 0,07; 0,14 ± 0,06; 0,23 ± 0,07 e 0,22 ± 0,07. Para as características da fase pós-desmama, o modelo que forneceu o melhor ajuste aos dados incluiu apenas o efeito genético aditivo direto. As estimativas de herdabilidade direta para peso de machos ao final da prova de ganho de peso (P378), peso de fêmeas corrigido para 550 dias (P550), ganho diário na prova de ganho de peso (G112), altura aos 378 dias em machos (AM) e altura aos 550 dias, em fêmeas (AF) foram, respectivamente: 0,45 ± 0,11; 0,29 ± 0,11; 0,37 ± 0,11; 0,79 ± 0,13 e 0,36 ± 0,0. Os efeitos maternos, tanto o genético quanto o de ambiente permanente, foram fontes de variação importantes para as características da fase pré-desmama, não sendo verificada influência desses efeitos sobre as características da fase pós-desmama.

Relevância:

60.00% 60.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Relevância:

60.00% 60.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Records of Nellore animals born from 1990 to 2006 were used to estimate genetic correlations of visual scores at yearling (conformation, C; finishing precocity, P; and muscling, M) with primiparous subsequent rebreeding (SR) and days to first calving (DC), because the magnitude of these associations is still unknown. Genetic parameters were estimated by multiple-traits Bayesian analysis, using a nonlinear (threshold) animal models for visual scores and SR and a linear animal models for weaning weight (WW) and DC. WW was included in the analysis to account for the effects of sequential selection. The posterior means of heritabilities estimated for C, P, M, SR and DC were 0.24 +/- 0.01, 0.31 +/- 0.01, 0.30 +/- 0.01, 0.18 +/- 0.02 and 0.06 +/- 0.02, respectively. The posterior means of genetic correlations estimated between SR and visual scores were low and positive, with values of 0.09 +/- 0.02 (C), 0.19 +/- 0.03 (P) and 0.18 +/- 0.05 (M). on the other hand, negative genetic correlations were found between DC and C (-0.11 +/- 0.09), P (-0.19 +/- 0.09) and M (-0.16 +/- 0.09). The primiparous rebreeding trait has genetic variability in Nellore cattle. The genetic correlations between visual scores, and SR and DC were low and favourable. The genetic changes in C, P and M were 0.02, 0.03 and 0.03/year, respectively. For SR and DC, genetic trends were 0.01/year and -0.01 days/year, respectively, indicating that the increase in genetic merit for reproductive traits was small over time. Direct selection for visual scores together with female reproductive traits is recommended to increase the fertility of beef cows.

Relevância:

60.00% 60.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Relevância:

60.00% 60.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Foram estimados os coeficientes de herdabilidade e a mudança genética para peso à desmama (PD), peso ao sobreano (PS), ganho de peso do nascimento à desmama (GND), ganho de peso da desmama ao sobreano (GDS), perímetro escrotal (PE) e idade ao primeiro parto (IPP) em animais da raça Nelore. Foram utilizados dados de 128.148 animais nascidos entre 1984 e 2006. Os componentes de variância foram estimados pelo método da máxima verossimilhança restrita, e os valores genéticos foram preditos por modelos mistos aplicando-se modelo animal bicaracterística, incluindo peso à desmama em todas as análises. As tendências genéticas foram estimadas pela regressão dos valores genéticos sobre o ano de nascimento dos animais. Os coeficientes de herdabilidade do efeito direto estimados foram de 0,23 (0,07) (PD); 0,24 (0,02) (PS); 0,21 (0,01) (GND); 0,23 (0,01) (GDS); 0,46 (0,02) (PE) e 0,15 (0,01) (IPP). As tendências genéticas diretas estimadas foram de 0,171 (0,01); 0,219 (0,02); 0,186 (0,03) e 0,224 (0,02) kg/ano para PD, PS, GND e GDS, respectivamente, o que representa incrementos de 0,10; 0,08; 0,13 e 0,22% nas médias das mesmas características ao ano, respectivamente. Para o PE e a IPP no período de 1984 a 1995, as tendências genéticas foram nulas, com valores de 0,011 (0,03) cm/ano e -0,003 (0,06) dias/ano, respectivamente. No segundo período considerado (1996 a 2006), as tendências genéticas para PE e IPP foram de 0,069 (0,01) cm/ano e -3,024 (0,04) dias/ano, respectivamente, indicando melhorias consideráveis em tais características. Esses valores sugerem que características produtivas e reprodutivas, quando utilizadas como critério de seleção, proporcionam progresso genético no rebanho, sendo indicadas para seleção de animais da raça Nelore.