Fatores de risco em indivíduos com hipertensão arterial

Este trabalho teve o objetivo de verificar os hábitos relacionados aos fatores de risco em uma população de portadores de hipertensão arterial. A amostra foi composta por 70 indivíduos, constatando-se que a maioria não faz exercício, não tem atividade de lazer, havendo necessidade de programas educativos para aquisição destes hábitos .Há lacunas de informação, pois os clientes têm como ponto de referência, em sua maioria, a própria experiência, ao invés das orientações que recebem de vários profissionais.

Factors associated with the prevalence of hypertension and control practices among elderly residents of São Paulo city, Brazil

The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of hypertension and control practices among the elderly. The survey analyzed data from 872 elderly people in São Paulo, Brazil, through a cluster sampling, stratified according to education and income. A Poisson multiple regression model checked for the existence of factors associated with hypertension. The prevalence of self-reported hypertension among the elderly was 46.9%. Variables associated with hypertension were self-rated health, alcohol consumption, gender, and hospitalization in the last year, regardless of age. The three most common measures taken to control hypertension, but only rarely, are oral medication, routine salt-free diet and physical activity. Lifestyle and socioeconomic status did not affect the practice of control, but knowledge about the importance of physical activity was higher among those older people with higher education and greater income. The research suggests that health policies that focus on primary care to encourage lifestyle changes among the elderly are necessary.

Agregação de fatores de risco cardiovascular e ocorrência de hipertensão arterial em adultos sedentários

OBJETIVO: Analisar em uma grande amostra de adultos sedentários a possível associação entre hipertensão arterial e baixa aptidão cardiorrespiratória, obesidade geral e central. MÉTODOS: A amostra foi composta por 1.092 adultos sedentários brasileiros (429 homens e 633 mulheres). Pressão arterial foi acessada e hipertensão arterial diagnosticada. Três fatores de risco cardiovascular foram considerados: obesidade geral (índice de massa corporal), obesidade abdominal (circunferência de cintura) e baixa aptidão cardiorrespiratória (teste submáximo em cicloergômetro). RESULTADOS: A taxa de hipertensão arterial foi de 9,3% (IC95% = 7,6 - 11,2). Houve associação entre mais alta prevalência de hipertensão arterial e diagnóstico de obesidade (p = 0,001), valores elevados de circunferência de cintura (p = 0,001) e baixo VO2máx (p = 0,013). Independentemente de idade e sexo, indivíduos sedentários com simultaneamente baixo consumo máximo de oxigênio e obesidade geral (RP = 5,21 [IC95% = 8,94 - 3,03]; p = 0,001) ou abdominal (RP = 4,05 [IC95% = 2,22 - 7,40]; p = 0,001) apresentaram maior probabilidade de ser hipertenso que os sedentários com nenhum fator de risco. CONCLUSÃO: Adultos sedentários, independentemente de sexo e idade, a presença de baixa aptidão cardiorrespiratória está associada à hipertensão arterial apenas quando também há obesidade geral ou abdominal, indicando que a interação destas variáveis tem relevante peso na gênese da doença.

Ferritin in hypertensive and diabetic women before and after bariatric surgery

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Perception of the informed consent form by participants in clinical trials

To understand the perception of the participants in controlled clinical trials (CCTs) about the informed consent and describe the meaning of their participation in the research. Qualitative study using the focus group technique. The sample was composed of 19 patients who participated in clinical trials about hypertension and coronary disease in a specialized cardiologic hospital located in the city of Sao Paulo. The methodological framework used was the content analysis. Some of the participants were aware of the real objective of these studies while others had misperceptions. The reading of the informed consent is not always done and, when it is done, the patient does not understand it. The lack of understanding about the term ''placebo'' was mentioned by some participants. The motivation to participate was the personal benefit. This study shows that obtaining the informed consent in CCTs is complex and that there is the need to adapt the structure and application of this document, in order to protect the participants and improve the quality of clinical trials performed in the country.

Repercussões cardiovasculares em crianças com distúrbios respiratórios obstrutivos do sono: revisão de literatura

Objective: To review the cardiovascular consequences of obstructive sleep-disordered breathing in children Data source: Medline and Ovid data base. Study selection: pediatric articles (original articles and case report) that investigated the obstructive sleep-disordered breathing in children Data synthesis: The obstructive sleep-disordered breathing can lead to serious cardiovascular consequences such as pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary edema and anatomic and functional abnormalities Conclusions: The knowledge of cardiovascular repercussions allows in better management of pediatric patients and may result in positive consequences for treatment and follow up of these patients.

O papel de enfermeiros na equipe multidisciplinar frente ao sobrepeso/obesidade em ambiente de trabalho

Overweight and obesity are pandemics and have been widely discussed in Public Health and Health at Work. Comorbidities such as metabolic syndrome, hypertension, diabetes mellitus type 2, orthopedic disorders and coronary diseases can induce to absenteeism, reduced work performance, disability and death. The aim of this review is to discuss the role of the nurse in control and prevention of these illnesses in the workplace. We concluded that occupational health nurses work should act proactively with a multidisciplinary team aimed at individual and collective monitoring of actions designed to control and prevent overweight and obesity. Furthermore, this professional should follow up the health of individual workers with a high body mass index in order to warn and prevent comorbidities related to these conditions.

Risco da síndrome da apneia obstrutiva do sono em amostra populacional da cidade de Botucatu - SP

The most common sleep disorder is obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), that is characterized by repeated pauses in breathing during sleep, resulting in partial or complete obstruction of the upper airway. It is associated with systemic arterial hypertension and obesity. Objective: To assess the frequency of OSAS in the adult population of Botucatu by the Berlin questionnaire. Method: Transveral study was performed in which the sample size was estimated at 385 individuals. The Berlin questionnaire was administered to adults randomly on the streets, supermarkets and local shops. Data were analyzed taking into account age, gender, "high risk for OSAS", hypertension, obesity and correlations for OSAS. Results: 468 people interviewed were aged between 18 and 95 years, average of 59 years. 166 (35.25%) individuals were identified as "high risk for OSAS", being more frequent in the population above 40 years. Obesity was present in 23.3%, more common in women (60.2%). 83.5% of the population obese also had a "high risk for OSAS". Hypertension was observed in 27.3%, of these 71.9% were at "high risk for OSAS". Conclusion: The study showed a high frequency of "high risk for OSAS" in the adult population. Despite the dissemination by the media about sleep apnea, patients are not investigated, even under medical care for hypertension.

Boas práticas de laboratório e biossegurança: prevenção dos riscos ergonômicos

El control de los riesgos ergonómicos es parte del paquete de medidas de Buenas Prácticas de Laboratorio y Bioseguridad. De este modo, la mala postura, la iluminación o ventilación inadecuadas , prolongada jornada de trabajo, la monotonía y la actividad repetitiva, intensa rutina, el control de la productividad , el estrés y el trabajo por la noche son factores a los riesgos ergonómicos. Como se relacionan a los elementos físicos y de organización también pueden interferir con la comodidad y la salud del personal de laboratorio. Riesgos ergonómicos no sólo pueden generar trastornos psicológicos y fisiológicos que causan graves daños a la salud, sino también comprometer la productividad del laboratorio y reducir el equipo de seguridad , ya que producen cambios en el cuerpo y el estado emocional, tales como trastornos o lesiones relacionadas con el cansancio físico producido por el trabajo repetitivo, dolor muscular, alteraciones del sueño, diabetes, trastornos de los nervios , la taquicardia , las enfermedades del aparato digestivo (gastritis y úlcera ), tensión, ansiedad, problemas de espalda y la hipertensión. En este trabajo se propone una secuencia de actividad laboral (gimnasia) en el intervalo de tiempo pequeño, respetando las instalaciones y el espacio físico disponible en el ambiente del trabajo, como una estrategia para mejorar la calidad de vida laboral, para aumentar la productividad, mejorar la disposición a trabajar y para aumentar el conocimiento del cuerpo y de la interacción social.

Plantas medicinais: indicação popular de uso no tratamento de hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS)

The aim of this study is to investigate the spontaneous use of medicinal plants by volunteer patients in the treatment of hypertension and to determine the most used plants in this situation. Data were collected through a questionnaire and a semi-structured guided interview applied to patients from a health center in the Midwest region of the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Quantitative analysis identified a high number of hypertensive patients spontaneously using herbal treatment. The referred plants were identified by the Herbarium Botu and researched in the literature as to their therapeutic actions. The biggest mistake was observed in the misuse of the Bilberry for the treatment of hypertension, which reveals that health professionals and the community in general should be more careful. As a result we have published an informative booklet, with emphasis on hypertension concepts and on the use of medicinal plants as an alternative therapy method for this disease in order to provide scientific knowledge and scientific research evidence to this practice.

Influência do peso, volume e densidade absoluta da placenta no peso dos recém-nascidos de gestantes portadoras de hipertensão arterial ou Diabetes Mellitus

Influence of weight, volume and absolute placental density on the weight of newborns of pregnant women with arterial hypertension or Diabetes Mellitus