282 resultados para sistema de manejo conservacionista
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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Agricultura) - FCA
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Corn cultivation is part of crop rotation used by irrigation farmers from the southwestern region of São Paulo state, Brazil, who use no-tillage soil management as a kind of sustainable use of soil. The effect of this conservative practice on physical and hydrical properties of the soil, root development and corn crop yield compared to the conventional management was the objective of this work. The experiment was held at the Buriti-Mirim Farm, Angatuba, SP, Brazil, using an irrigated area with a center pivot system and two types of soil management: conventional and no-tillage systems. Although the no-tillage management had higher soil density and less water availability, no significant difference was found for both management systems concerning soil resistance to penetration, root development and crop yield. In both systems of soil management, 90% of roots were concentrated in the first 0-20cm of soil layer.
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A crescente conscientização da água como bem de alto valor econômico, social, cultural e ecológico exige cada vez mais o uso racional desse recurso baseados em parâmetros técnicos que levem a um aumento da eficiência do manejo de irrigação. Utilizou-se o programa STELLA 10.0.3 para simular o balanço hídrico de um solo cultivado com meloeiro (Cucumis melo L.) no município de Iguatu/Ceará. Os parâmetros meteorológicos corresponderam aos valores diários de temperatura máxima, temperatura mínima, temperatura média e radiação solar no topo da atmosfera. Utilizou-se o método de Hargreaves-Samani para determinar a Evapotranspiração de Referência. A capacidade de campo, ponto de murcha permanente, densidade aparente, profundidade efetiva do sistema radicular e o déficit hídrico tolerável foram os parâmetros físicos do solo para determinar sua capacidade de água disponível e o nível mínimo de água disponível. As irrigações são realizadas sempre que o nível de umidade do solo fica muito próximo ou abaixo do nível mínimo de água disponível. Os resultados mostraram que o modelo desenvolvido utilizando dinâmica de sistemas, analisa todos os parâmetros envolvidos de forma sistêmica e dinâmica fornecendo como resultado valores de lâminas de irrigação a serem aplicadas e os momentos em que sua aplicação é necessária.
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Crop yield is influenced by several factors with variability in time and space that are associated with the variations in the plant vigor. This variability allows the identification of management zones and site-specific applications to manage different regions of the field. The purpose of this study was the use of multispectral image for management zones identification and implications of site-specific application in commercial cotton areas. Multispectral airborne images from three years were used to classify a field into three vegetation classes via the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). The NDVI classes were used to verify the potential differences between plant physical measurements and identify management zones. The cotton plant measurements sampled in 8 repetitions of 10 plants at each NDVI class were Stand Count, Plant Height, Total Nodes and Total Bolls. Statistical analysis was performed with treatments arranged in split plot design with Tukey’s Test at 5% of probability. The images were classified into five NDVI classes to evaluate the relationship between cotton plant measurement results and sampling location across the field. The results have demonstrated the possibility of using multispectral image for management zones identification in cotton areas. The image classification into three NDVI classes showed three different zones in the field with similar characteristics for the studied years. Statistical differences were shown for plant height, total nodes and total bolls between low and high NDVI classes for all years. High NDVI classes contained plants with greater height, total nodes and total bolls compared to low NDVI classes. There was no difference in Stand Count between low and high NDVI classes for the three studied years. The final plant stand was the same between all NDVI classes for 2001 and 2003 as it was expected due to the conventional seeding application with the same rate of seeds for the entire field.
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Soil bulk density is an attribute often used to characterize soil physical structure, being an indicator of soil compaction. The objective of this study was to compare the values of bulk density measured by the paraffin sealed clod and volumetric ring methods in conventional, no-tillage and minimum tillage systems on a Dystroferric Red Nitosol, clayey, in Botucatu, SP. The experiment design was a 3x2 factorial arrangement in randomized block with four replications. The density values obtained by the paraffin sealed clod method were statistically higher than those obtained by the volumetric ring method. There was no difference between the managements when comparing the values of soil density obtained by the paraffin sealed clod method. The soil under conventional management showed lower density when comparing the values of soil density obtained by the volumetric ring. The volumetric ring method was more sensitive to show differences between the management systems than the paraffin sealed clod method.
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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Produção Vegetal) - FCAV
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Agricultura) - FCA